Objective To research the antitumor effects of the saponin from patrinia villosa on mice cerivical cancer.Methods Total patrinia saponin was purified from patrinia extracts by macroporous adsorption resin.The models of liquid tumor and solid tumor of mice cerivical cancer were setup,and different concentrations of total patrinia saponin (0/250/500 mg/kg) was performed on the mice by intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX) were acted on mice.After 15 days,the effect of total patrinia saponin on the inhibition rate of solid tumor and the life span of ascites tumor were conducted with the experiment model in vivo of animal tumor.Results Compared with the control group,the total patrinia saponin (250/500 mg/kg) and CTX (25 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the tumor weight of solid tumor and increased the life span of ascites tumor harboring mice (P＜0.05).The inhibition rate of solid tumor was 46.60％ and 52.15％,and the rate of life span increased to 71.42％ and 46.10％ in total patrinia saponin (250/500 mg/kg) group.Conclusion Total patrinia saponin had antitumor action.

Objective To understand the development status of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)management organizations in Xinjiang region,and effectively improve the management level of HAI in Xinjiang.Methods 101 secondary and above medical institutions in Xinjiang were selected by cluster random sampling method,a retrospec-tive survey was conducted from February 15 to March 31,2016.Development of HAI management organizations in each hospital in 1995,2000,2005,2010,and 2015 were surveyed,statistical analysis of the surveyed results were conducted.Results Of 101 hospitals,22 were tertiary hospitals,79 were secondary hospitals.In 2005 and before, more than 70% of hospitals with >300 beds and 20% of hospitals with< 100 beds carried out HAI management, about 50% of hospitals with >300 beds and less than 5% of hospitals with< 100 beds set up HAI management committees.In 2015,all hospitals carried out HAI management and set up HAI management committees as well as HAI management departments.In 2005 and before,the main HAI management professionals were nursing staff, accounting for about 80%;in 2000 and before,> 50% of full-time professionals received secondary vocational school and below education,in 2005 and after,about 80% of full-time professionals received at least college and above education;in 2000 and before,> 70% of full-time professionals didn’t receive training.In 2015,the percentage of nursing staff engaged in HAI management dropped to 65.90%,and doctors and other professionals both accounted for 17.05%,40.09% of HAI management professionals received university education,92.08% par-ticipated in autonomous region level and above training,1.98% didn’t receive training.Conclusion HAI infection management organizations in Xinjiang region in the past 20 years have developed,the allocation of professionals and professional quality can not meet the needs of HAI infection management in this region.

Objective The CT values and glial fibrillary acidic Drotein (GFAP) expression changes within 24 hours in the cerebral infarction of rats were observed in order to evaluate the time of infarction indirectly. Methods The animal models of cerebral infarction due to the embolism of middle cerebral arteries were replicated reference to Longa’s thread embolism method. The rats with cerebral infarction in right hemisphere and without cerebral infarction in left cerebral hemisphere were scanned with CT at different time after cerebral infarction,then the CT values were measured and their differences were calculated. At the same time,the GFAP expression changes were detected by immunohistochemical technique (SP method). Results The infarction focuses were observed in all rats in 6 hours group. The differences of the CT values in the infarction hemisphere (right side in brain) and non-infarction (left side in brain) hemisphere had in linear relationship,and the GFAP expression also related to the time of infarction to certain degree. Conclusion Cerebral infarction due to embolism of blood vessel could be diagnosed at least 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The time of cerebral infarction could be inferred by the difference of CT values between the infarction and non-infarction hemispheres and the changes of GFAP expression.

Objective: To prepare mesalazine thermosensitive liquid suppositories and study the in vitro properties. Methods:Poloxamer 407 (P407) and poloxamer 188 (P188) were used as the temperature-sensitive materials, and mesalazine thermosensitive liquid suppositories were prepared by a cold method. The optimal ratio of P407 and P188 was screened using gel temperature as the in-dex. The gel strength and bioadhesive force of mesalazine thermosensitive liquid suppositories were studied, and the in vitro gel erosion and drug release were investigated as well. Results:The optimal ratio of P407 and P188 was 20%: 2. 5%, and the gel temperature was (36.9 ±0.2)℃, the gel strength was (115.1 ±3.2)s and the bioadhesive force was (130.7 ±5.8) ×102 dyne·cm-2. The drug release and gel erosion in vitro were both fitted first-order kinetics, and the two had promising linear relationship, suggesting good sustained-release property based on gel erosion mechanism of mesalazine liquid suppositories. Conclusion:The preparation of mesala-zine liquid suppositories is simple, and the gelation, bioadhesion and sustained-release of the suppositories are promising. Mesalazine liquid suppositories are valuable to be studied further.

Objective:To optimize the formula of artesunate dry suspension, and evaluate the quality. Methods:With sedimenta-tion volume ratio, redispersibility and loss on drying as the indices, single factor and orthogonal test were adopted to study the variety and amount of fillers, suspending agents, binders and disintegrating agents to optimize the formula. HPLC was used to determine the content of artesunate in the preparation. Different media and speed were used to investigate the dissolution behavior of artesunate dry suspension. The stability of the preparation was studied under the conditions of temperature (30 ± 2) ℃ and relative humidity (75 ± 5) % for four months. Results:The optimal formula of artesunate dry suspension was as follows: sucrose as the filler, xanthan gum (8%) and CMC-Na (12%) as the suspending agent, MCC (15%) as the disintegrant and 6% PVP K30 (in 50% ethanol solution) as the adhesive. Totally 4 batches of samples were prepared with the optimal formula, and their label contents were all above 95%, the sedimentation volume ratios were all higher than 0. 9 and the dissolution was more than 80% in 20 min. All the indices of samples met the requirements without significant change in 4 months. Conclusion:The preparation process of artesunate dry suspension is simple, reproducible and stable.

Objective To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and risks of kidney cancer.Methods The cohort and case-control studies on the association between diabetes mellitus and risk of kidney cancer were analyzed by searching PubMed database within the time limit of Jan.1990 to Oct.2011.Data were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the meta-analysis was performed by using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.Results A total of 14 studies(8 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies) involving 6,645,516 participants met the inclusion criteria.Meta analysis showed that patients with diabetes had a higher risk of kidney cancer compared with the control group without diabetes(OR =1.28,95％ CI 1.10 ～ 1.48,P ＜ 0.05).Stratification study showed that diabetes was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer in cohort studies(OR =1.32,95％ CI 1.14-1.53,P ＜0.05),but this association was not found in casecontrol studies (OR =1.21,95 ％ CI 0.79-1.84,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates a positive association between diabetes and risk of kidney cancer,however,future researches are needed to identify whether diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for kidney cancer.

Portable electrocardiogram monitor is an important equipment in the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases due to its portable, real-time features. It has a broad application and development prospects in China. In the present review, previous researches on the portable electrocardiogram monitors have been arranged, analyzed and summarized. According to the characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG), this paper discusses the ergonomic design of the portable electrocardiogram monitor, including hardware and software. The circuit components and software modules were parsed from the ECG features and system functions. Finally, the development trend and reference are provided for the portable electrocardiogram monitors and for the subsequent research and product design.
China ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Software

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on the cell apoptosis in lung tissues in a rat model of traumatic acute lung injury (ALI) .Methods Fifty-four SD rats weighing 225-275 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 18 each) : control group (group C) , ALI group, penehyclidine hydrochloride group ( group P) . Traumatic ALI was induced by dropping a self-made impact device on the chest of anesthetized rats according to the technique described by Raghavendran et al. Intraperitoneal penehyclidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg was injected immediately after blunt chest trauma and at 12 h after blunt chest trauma in group P. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3, 12 and 24 h after blunt chest trauma and the lung tissues collected for microscopic examination and determination of cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 (by immuno-histochemical staining) . The apoptosis index was calculated. Results The apoptosis index and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were significantly higher, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly lower at each time point in groups ALI and P than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05) . The apoptosis index and Bax expression were significantly lower,while the Bcl-2 expression and ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax higher at each time point in group P than in group ALI.The microscopic examination showed that penehyclidine hydrochloride injection significantly attenuated the pathologic changes. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can reduce the traumatic ALI through inhibiting the cell apoptosis in rat lung tissues.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)is the crucial rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan outside the liver in the body and is considered as an immune defense mechanism in tumor microenvironment.IDO is expressed in a number of cells including cancer cell,dendretic cell and so on.In tumor microenvironment,the overexpression of IDO can lead to the exhaustion of tryptophan and induce the proliferation of regulatory cells,which can prevent the proliferation,diffenentiation and activity of T cells and result in the immune tolerance to tumors.