OBJECTIVE To study the dynamic changes and clinical significance of TNF-? and IL-10 of nosocomial infection in patients with severe viral hepatitis.METHODS The study included 40 patients with severe viral hepatitis,their nosocomial infection was treated with antibiotic therapy.Serum levels of TNF-? and IL-10 were measured at baseline and 5 d,10 d and 15 d after the first antimicrobial dose.The patients were divided into 2 groups: infection be controlled group and infection be not controlled group by therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS The serum concentrations of TNF? and IL-10 were elevated in all patients when compared with the healthy control group(P

Objective:To determine the CD 30 expression in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).Methods:The double immunofluorescence technique and flow cytometry were used.Results:There is no significant difference among the three groups of HFRS patients on the CD + 4CD - 30 T lymphocyte subset.While the CD + 4CD + 30 T cells increase and the difference between severe group and mild-moderate group is very significant(P

To investigate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the influenceon T lymphocyte subset. Methods: Using non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) and streptadivin-biotin-enzyme complex assay (SABC) todetect HCV-RNA, NS5 antigen and T lymphocyte subset. Results: 8(40.0% ) out of 20 patients with hepatitis C virus were HCV-RNA posi-tive in PBMCs, and among them 6(30.0％) were NS5 antigen positive simultaneously. NS5 antigen signals appeared diffusely within cyto-plasm, or in cell membrane, while HCV-RNA signals were mainly distributed in cytoplasm. Both the proportion of NS5 positive cell and HCV-RNA positive cells were very low (≤3％).The proportion of positive cellsane, while HCV-RNA signals are very low (≤3％). The proportionof CD4+ T cells was lower in the patients comparing with that in control group, the proportion of CD8+ T cells was higher, and the ratio ofCD4+/CD8+ were decreased remarkably (P＜0.01). Moreover the proportion of CD4+ T cells was lower in HCV-RNA-positive group com-paring with that in HCV-RNA-negative group, the proportion of CD8+ T cells was higher, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was reversed (P＜0.01). Conclusion:HCV can infect PBMCs and replicate in patients with chronic hepatitis C;CD4+ T cells are readily damaged after PBMCsinfected by HCV, which causes the decrease or reversal of the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, undermines the ability of the body clearing virus and re-sults im chronicity of HCV infection.

Objective To establish an early,simple and rapid colloidal gold strip method for the detection of IgM against hantavirus nucleocapsid protein in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).Methods Purified recombinant Hantavirus nucleoprotein(rNP)was labeled by colloidal gold particles and then sprayed and fixed on fiberglass membrane as the combination pad.Anti-Human IgM(μ-chain specific)antibody produced in goat was fixed in the detection area,and mouse antihantavirus antibody was fixed in the quality control area.Both of them were on nitrocellous membrane strip in tandem.Together with a specimen pad ahead.The conbination pad and the nitrocellous membrane were assembled into a test strip.The colloidal gold strip assay was compared with ELISA for evaluation of specificity and sensitivity.Results The colloidal gold strip tests showed positive in the serum samples from 50 cases of HFRS which was clinically diagnosed and then verified by ELISA within 10-15 minutes.Whereas 30 serum samples of healthy donors have tested negative.Conclusions Our new colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip method was well concordant with the ELISA assay,but the former was more raoid and simole.It could be used primary medical services.

Objective:To study the sTRAIL levels in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients upon nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods:Serial sera of 60 CHB patients before and after nucleoside analogues therapy were collected,among which there were 20 complete responding cases,20 partial responding cases,20 non-responding cases,and 10 healthy people.The level of sTRAIL,IFN-γ and ALT were detected.Results:The level of sTRAIL,IFN-γ and ALT of CHB patients were higher than that of normal group.The sTRAIL level of complete responding group at 4 weeks and partial responding group at 12 weeks were lower than those before therapy,while serum TRAIL of complete responding group were lower than those of partial responding group at 4 weeks.The IFN-γ level of complete responding group at 4 weeks and partial responding group at 12 weeks were higher than those before therapy.ALT levels of all groups in the course of therapy declined gradually and significant difference was observed at different time point.Conclusion:Serum TRAIL level can be used as an early marker for efficacy of nucleoside analogues therapy efficacy in CHB patients.sTRAIL may play a role in restoring immune injury of early anti-viral response in patients with hepatitis B.

AIM: To investigate the significance of autoantibodies against ?_1-adrenoceptors induced by hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of hepatitis virus myocarditis. METHODS: 30 mice were injected peritoneally with an emulsion of hepatitis B virus and complete Freund's adjuvant every three weeks. The autoantibodies were examined by ELISA, the heart and liver specimens were collected on 56 d for pathological observation and the binding of the autoantibodies to guinea pig cardiac myocytes were examined by immunofluorescence. Using the patch clamp technique, the effects of (1∶50) autoantibodies purified by octanoic acid extraction on the action potential and L type Ca~(2+) currents of guinea pig cardiac myocytes were also investigated. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the autoantibodies and hepatitis B virus. Without pathological changes in the heart and liver specimens, 6 mice of the test group manifested bundle branch block, sinus arrest and premature ventricular beat etc, which were positive in the autoantibodies. The specific binding of the autoantibodies of the mice to guinea pig cardiac myocytes was observed. (1∶50) autoantibodies of the mice prolonged APD_(20), APD_(50), APD_(90) by 36.46%, 29.63% and 12.40%, respectively and enhanced L type Ca~(2+) currents by (49.67?16.01)%. CONCLUSIONS: Autoantibodies against ?_1-adrenoceptors of the mice induced by hepatitis B virus result in several arrhythmias, which might be mediated by the enhancement of L type Ca~(2+) currents.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of interferon-alpha on the variation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) and suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts) in the peripheral blood of 32 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and to analyse the relationship between the efficacy of interferon-alpha and the variation of Tc and Ts cells.

METHODSThe peripheral blood Tc and Ts cells were detected by the double-staining immunocytochemistry technique.

RESULTSAt the end of the treatment with interferon-alpha, there were 9 complete responders (CR), 12 partial responders (PR) and 11 non-responders (NR). Tc cells significantly increased and Ts cells markedly decreased in CR or PR group compared with the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the level of Tc and Ts cells between CR and PR groups, and no significant difference in the level of Tc cells in NR, CR and PR groups, The Ts cells was significantly higher in NR group than in CR or PR group.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of interferon-alpha can result in the change of Tc and Ts cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The variation of Ts cells may play an important role in the efficacy of interferon-alpha against hepatitis B virus.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; cytology ; drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology ; drug effects ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

In order to increase the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), RT-PCR was used to synchronously detect HCV RNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 583 CHC patients with a continuously elevated level of ALT for more than one year. The results showed that the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the plasma of the CHC patients was 19.2 %, while 24.5 % in PBMC. It was demonstrated that the positive detection rate for HCV RNA in PBMC was obviously higher than that detected in plasma. To synchronously detect HCV RNA in PBMC by using RT-PCR can increase the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the CHC patients.

In order to increase the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), RT-PCR was used to synchronously detect HCV RNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 583 CHC patients with a continuously elevated level of ALT for more than one year. The results showed that the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the plasma of the CHC patients was 19.2 %, while 24.5 % in PBMC. It was demonstrated that the positive detection rate for HCV RNA in PBMC was obviously higher than that detected in plasma. To synchronously detect HCV RNA in PBMC by using RT-PCR can increase the positive detection rate of HCV RNA in the CHC patients.

The expression of TNF-α in the liver at different periods post Schistosoma japonica infection and the effect on liver fibrosis after supplementary injection of these eytokines were investigated. The mice infected with schistosome cercariae were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, TNF-α-untreated infection group and TNF-α-treated infection group. ABC immunohistochemistry and pathologic image multimedia quantification system were applied to dynamically detect the activity of TNF-α. The results showed that the levels of TNF-α in the liver in TNF-α-untreated infection group were slowly decreased with prolongation of infection time (from 8th, 11th, 14th to 18th week), while in the TNF-α-treated infection group, those were increased significantly after intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α at 6th week after infection. At first to 8th week after the final injection of TNF-α, the intrahepatic TNF-α levels in the TNF-α-treated infection group were significantly higher than in the other two groups (P＜0.01), and the granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis in the liver were also milder in the normal control group. It was concluded that at the early stage of Schistosoma japonica infection mouse liver mainly released Th1 cytokine and TNF-α from Th1 activated macrophages. Six weeks after infection (post egg deposition), exogenous supplement with intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α could induce the enhanced expression of Th1 cytokines and alleviate the liver granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis.