Objective To explore a reasonable and secure anesthesia induction in painless induced abortion.Methods 120 patients of painless induced abortion were randomly divided into six groups,control group was injected with Propofol 3.5mg/kg through vein,besides given Propofol 3.5mg/kg,other 5 groups were injected with ketamine 0.1mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.3mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.5mg/kg through vein respectively.The parameter of hemodynamics,effect of analgesia,time of unconsciousness,recovery time of consciousness,recovery time of orientation,incidence of respiratory depression,side effect,time of discharge from hospital were observed.Results The recorded time and incidence of side effect have statistical significance between group of ketamine 0.5mg/kg and group of ketamine 0.3mg/ks(P<0.05);effect of analgesia have statistical significance between group of ketamine 0.3mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.5mg/kg and control group.Conclusion Ketamine 0.3mg/kg combined with Propofol is an ideal choice of painless induced abortion.

Objectives To observe the changes of apoptosis-related proteins during the development of sarcopenia and to explore the effect and mechanism of long-term aerobic exercises and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on those changes for the natural aging C57BL/6 mice.Methods After 1 week of acclimatization,50 27-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a young sedentary control (YS) group,an old sedentary control (OS) group and an old exercises (OE) group.After the gripstrength was measured the mice from group YS were sacrificed at the age of 28 weeks.The mice from group OE exercised on a fiat treadmill at 12rn/minute for 50 min 3 or 4 times a week for 30 weeks with the intensity of 75％ VO2max.At the age of 60 weeks,the mice of group OS and OE were killed after their grip-strength was measured.The gastrocnemius muscle of each group were isolated and weighted,and the sarcopenia index (SI) was measured.Then the total protein of the gastrocnemius muscle was extracted.HSP70 and cleaved caspase-9 expression were examined.The binding rate of HSP70 and Apaf-1 was measured using Co-Immunoprecipitation.TUNEL staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of the gastrocnemius muscle.Results (1) Compared with group YS,SI of group OS decreased significantly by 23.09％,but significant increase was observed in group OE compared to group OS by 30.48％.(2) The grip strength per gram of body weight of group OS decreased significantly by 42.74％ compared to group YS,while that of group OE increased significantly by 21.51％ compared to group OS.(3) The apoptosis index increases by 475.28％ with age.However,the index decreased by 46.41％ in group OE over group OS.(4) Western blotting showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-9 increased significantly by 45.4％ in group OS compared to group YS,while that of group OE decreased significantly by 33.4％ compared to group OS.(5) The binding rate of HSP 70 with Apaf-1 of group OS decreased significantly by 67.11％ compared to group YS,while that of group OE increased significanlty by 306.31％ compared to group OS.Conclusions (1) Gastrocnemius atrophy occurring to mice of 60 weeks can be significanlty delayed through 30-week exercises training.(2) The increasing apoptosis may be involved in the development of age-related sarcopenia and 30-week exercises can significantly attenuate such apoptosis in rodent skeletal muscle.(3) Aerobic exercises increases HSP70/Apaf-1 interaction,which might play an important role in reducing age-related cellular damage and cell death in the skeletal muscle of rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of 6-week high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the body composition and the autophagy activation in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice,and explore the underlying role of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)α2 in this process.Methods Thirty-six 4-week old male mice with the genotype AMPKα2+/+(n=12),AMPKα2+/-(n=12) and AMPKα2-/-(n=12),were randomly divided into a control(n=6) and an HIIT group(n=6) respectively.The mice from the HIIT group exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill for 5 days a week,lasting 6 weeks.The procedure of HIIT included the intensity of 85％ VO2max(20m/min) for 2 min/day and 50％ VO2max(8m/min) for 1 min/day with 12 cycles alternately.The body weight,body mass index(BMI),total body water and fat mass were measured and analyzed after the 6-week exercise.The protein expression of AMPKα2,pAMPK-Thr172,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,Beclin1 and p62 in the skeletal muscle tissue were detected using Western blotting.Results Before exercise,there was no significant difference between the mice of the same genotype in the body weight.However,a significant decrease was observed in the body weight of all the HIIT mice,and BMI of the AMPKα2+/+ and AMPKα2+/-mice undergoing HIIT.There were no significant differences in the total body water between the control and HIIT groups of the same genotype after the intervention.There was significant decrease in the body fat mass in the HIIT group of AMPKα2+/+ and AMPKα2+/-mice after the intervention,while the decrease was not significant in the HIIT AMPKα2-/-mice.The protein expression of pAMPK-Thr172,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin1 increased significantly,and that of p62 decreased significantly in the skeletal muscle of the AMPK+/+ and AMPK+/-mice after HIIT intervention,but not the AMPK-/-mice.Conclusion HIIT can improve health indicators(i.e,body weight,BMI and fat mass) and enhance autophagy activation in the skeletal muscle through increasing the phosphorylation of AMPKot2.

Objective To establish a serum-free primary culture method for cortical neurons of new-born rats .Methods The cortical tissue was digested and the cells were planted in the medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum ,and then maintained feed-ing with neurobasal medium containing B27 after 4 to 8 h .The morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope .RT-PCR ,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were applied to identify the expression of NSE gene and protein in neurons .Results A large number of neurons began to adhere to the cover glasses after 2 to 8 h .They showed different shapes-shuttle ,triangle pyram-idal ,or no regular after clinging to the plate .Their processes connected to nets and were different in length and thickness .They well developed at the 7th to 10th day .The isolated and cultured cells were confirmed as neurons by RT-PCR ,Western blot and immuno-cytochemistry .Conclusion This technique is an easy and practical tool for primary culture of new-born rats cortical neurons with high purity ,and can be used as an in-vitro model of research .

With deepening understanding of surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures,clinical applications of external fixators have drawn more attention.At present,however,there has been no systematic review of such applications for intra-articular calcaneal fracture.This review collected all the recent reports available on such applications to analyze the use and clinical indications of different external fixators.Moreover,on the basis of our own clinical experience,we further proposed a novel treatment protocol for intraarticular calcaneal fractures which integrates internal and external fixation and minimally invasive techniques.

Objective To clarify the function of LIM and SH3 domain protein-1 (LASP1) and ferritin in rhBMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation of beagle bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods After BMSCs from 3-18-month-old C57BL/6J mice were cultured adherently for 24 hours,they were subjected to osteogenic differentiation for 7,14 and 21 days in 3 groups.BMP2 (100 μg/L) and osteogenic differentiation medium was added in the experimental group,only osteogenic differentiation medium was added in the control group,and nothing was added in the blank group.Osteoblast differentiation was determined by examining marker genes (Runx2,OSX,OCN and OPN) using qRT-PCR.The protein expression of both LASP1 and ferritin was investigated using western blotting.After LASP1 and ferritin were silenced in the cells in the experimental group after transfection of shRNA to target LASP1(m),rhBMP2-induced osteogenesis was repeated to verify the roles of LASP1 and ferritin in osteoblast differentiation.Results The qRT-PCR showed successful osteoblast differentiation in the experimental group.Western blotting verified significant down-regulation of LASP1 and up-regulation of ferritin in the experimental group.After the LASP1 gene was silenced,the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation marker genes in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group.Conclusions rhBMP2 can induce mouse BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts in a significant manner.Combined with our preliminary research,the present study may confirm that LASP1 and ferritin,which play an important role in regulating cytoskeleton activity and iron metabolism,are critical in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs induced by rhBMP2.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan has become a research hotspot of cartilage repair materials because of a wide range of biological sources, simple preparation processes and excellent biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of chitosan hydrogels and their application in cartilage repair. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by computer with the keywords of "chitosan; chitosan hydrogel; cartilage repair; tissue engineering" in English and Chinese, respectively. The time range was from January 2000 to March 2018. After initial screening, the retained articles were further analyzed, concluded and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan has good biocompatibility, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and can load multiple growth factors and seed cells with different physical or chemical improvements. Encouraging progress in tissue engineering cartilage repair has been achieved. With the development of technology and the understanding of cartilage and subchondral bone structure, the application range of chitosan biomimetic hydrogel has been broadened. However, the molecular mechanism and degradation process of chitosan in vivo still have a lot of controversies, and further research and exploration are needed.

Objective To explore the clinical technical points of the treatment of soft tissue defect of the foot and ankle with the supercharged peroneal artery perforator propeller flap,and to provide theoretical support by anatomical observation.Methods From January,2010 to February,2018,a total of 10 patients with soft tissue defect of foot and ankle were treated with supercharged peroneal artery perforator propeller flap.Cause of injury:trauma in 7 cases,wound ulcer in 1 case,and poor healing of the calcaneus incision in 2 cases.Defect site:5 cases of heel,2 cases of medial and lateral malleolus,and 3 cases of dorsum and sole.The size of flap ranged from 6.0 cm×3.0 cm to 16.0 cm×5.0 cm.All patients were followed-up at 1,3,6 months after operation,and the function recovery was judged by AOFAS Ankle Hindfood Scale at 3 months post-opertively.From November,2016 to May,2017,the anatomical basis and operative points of the supercharged peroneal artery perforator flap were summarized.Results All the 10 cases of supercharged peroneal artery perforator propeller flap survived.Two of them had local epidermal necrosis at the proximal end of the flap.After 1 to 2 weeks of dressing,they finally healed.The other 8 cases healed well.Anatomical studies showed that different planes of the supercharged peroneal artery perforator propeller flap can only reduce the compression of the double pedicles and reduce the distal necrosis rate of the flap by rotating in different rotation directions.Conclusion The supercharged peroneal artery perforator propeller flap can enhance the blood supply and venous return in the "big paddle" artery of the flap,preventing distal necrosis.

Objective:To study the early predictive values of serum thrombospondin-1(TSP-1)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in preterm infants.Methods:From September 2020 to April 2022, preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks and ≥28 weeks as well as birth weight<1 500 g admitted to neonatal intensive care unit within 2 hours after birth were enrolled in the study.The dynamic changes of serum TSP-1 and TGF-β1 levels in preterm infants were observed on 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after birth.Preterm infants were divided into BPD group and non-BPD group according to the diagnostic criteria of BPD.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and area under curve(AUC)was used to analyze the predictive value of serum TSP-1 and TGF-β1 for preterm infants with BPD.Results:According to the diagnostic criteria of BPD, 38 cases were in the BPD group and 52 cases in the non-BPD group.There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight and gender between the two groups( P>0.05). The levels of TSP-1 and TGF-β1 in the serum of BPD group were gradually increased, which were significantly higher than those of non-BPD group on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th day( P<0.001). ROC results showed that AUC of TSP-1, TGF-β1 and their combination for predicting BPD were 0.889(95% CI 0.819~0.959), 0.826(95% CI 0.743~0.910), and 0.923(95% CI 0.870~0.976), respectively.The sensitivity were 86.80%, 86.70%, 89.50%, and the specificity were 86.50%, 73.10%, 80.80%, respectively.Cutoff values of TSP-1 and TGF-β1 for predicting BPD were 44.50 μg/L and 6.13 μg/L, respectively. Conclusion:Combined detection of serum TSP-1 and TGF-β1 on the first day after birth has an early predictive value for BPD in preterm infants.

Objective To study the treatment effects of newborn mice murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) hepatitis by using CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide 2395 (CpG ODN2395).Methods Specific pathogen-free BALB/c newborn mice were divided into 3 groups according to the broods randomly:control group,virus group and treatment group.In control group 9 g/L sodium chloride 20 × 10-6 L was intraperitoneally injected every other day.In virus group MCMV (TCID50 =108.31/L) 20 × 10-6 L was intraperitoneally injected once and 9 g/L sodium chloride solution 20 × 10-6 L was intraperitoneally injected every other day.In treatment group murine MCMV(TCID50 =10S31/L) 20 × 10-6 L was intraperitoneally injected once and from the first day CpG ODN2395 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every other day.Growths and development of mice were observed.Murine body weights were measured.Pathology of livers was observed by means of hematoxylin and eosin stain.The levels of serum ALT and IFN-α were measured by adopting enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.MCMV loads in liver were measured by way of polymerase chain reaction.The expression levels of IFN-α mRNA in liver were detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and myeloid cell differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in liver were detected by adopting Western blot.The results were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 statistics software.Results 1.Compared with control group and treatment group,growth and development of virus group mice fell behind and on day 7,14 body weights were lowest(F =18.919,25.543,all P ＜ 0.05).Growth and development of treatment group mice were between control group and virus group.Body weights of treatment group mice were lower than those of control group,and there was statistical difference on day 7 (t =3.187,P ＜ 0.05).2.Compared with control group and treatment group,the levels of ALT in virus group was highest.ALT levels of treatment group were higher than those of control group and treatment group(F =11.407,11.791,154.656,all P ＜ 0.05).3.The pathologic change of liver tissue:the HAI of virus group reached the peak on day 3,then decreased gradually.The HAI of treatment group also reached the peak on day 3,but liver damage was obviously less than those of virus group.The liver damage also relieved gradually and the mean of HAI was obviously lower than that of virus group on day 7 and 14.4.MCMV DNA in liver was negative at control group.The magnitude of viral loading in livers of virus group was higher than that of treatment group.5.The levels of IFN-α in treatment group and virus group reached a peak on day 3 and declined gradually on day 7,14.The levels of IFN-α on treatment group were higher than that of virus group and control group.The levels of IFN-α virus group were higher than those of control group,but had no statistical difference.6.The mRNA expression of IFN-α in livers of treatment group and virus group began to increase on day 3 and reached a peak on day 7,and declined on day 14.The mRNA expression of IFN-α was higher than that of virus group and control group.The mRNA expression of virus group was higher than that of control group.7.The expressions of TLR9 and MyD88 in livers of treatment group were higher than that of virus group and control group.The expressions of TLR9 and MyD88 of virus group were higher than those of control group.Conclusions CpG ODN2395 can obviously improved liver function and histopathological lesions and reduce MCMV DNA load within liver tissues as well.CpG ODN2395 can improve the expression levels of TLR9 in liver and activate secretion interferon alpha by MyD88-dependent pathway,which were likely to play an important role in its treatment of murine CMV infection.