Objective To evaluate the value of urinary normal and modified nucleosides in the diagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma.Methods Between March 2011 to September 2012,28 patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder (PCG) were included in this study.Spontaneous urine samples were collected and 10 kinds of urinary nucleosides in the sample were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method.Another 62 patients with benign gallbladder disease and 70 healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls.Routine clinical tumor markers,including serum CA19-9 and CA125 levels of the PCG patients were also evaluated.Results 10 kinds of nucleoside had a good linear correlation (r＞0.99),and the recovery rate was between 87.4％ ～121.5％ range,and the accuracy rate was between 87.7％ ～121.3％,and the RSD of precision was between 1.5％～10.5％ range.In addition to adenosine and cytidine,the mean levels of the rest of the urinary nucleosides in the PCG group were much higher than those of the controls (P＜0.01).Based on principal component analysis,89.3％ of the PCG patients were correctly identified,which was much higher than those detected by CA19-9 (60.7％) and CA125 (67.9％) (P＜0.01).Conclusion Urinary nucleosides may become additional tumor markers which when combined with other clinical methods may help in the screening and early diagnosis of primary gallbladder cancer.

Carotid artery stenosis is one of the primary causes of ischemic stroke.At present,the main surgical treatments for carotid artery stenosis include carotid endarterectomy(CEA)and carotid artery stenting(CAS).In-stent restenosis(ISR)is a long-term complication after CAS,which significantly affects the long-term outcomes of the surgery and the prognosis of patients,with a relatively high incidence in clinical practice.Based on a review of domestic and international studies,the authors provided a comprehensive overview of ISR,covering its pathogenesis,risk factors,treatment options,and the latest research developments,in order to provide clinicians with guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of ISR.