Objective To evaluate the efficacy of imipenem-cilastin sodium as subsequent therapy on peritoneal dialysis(PD)-related peritonitis.Methods From January 2007 to December 2010,44 PD-related peritonitis patients in our hospital were enrolled in the study.These patients presented cloudy fluid after 3 days initial treatment,and bacterial culture was Gram-negative bacteria or negative.Thirteen peritonitis episodes were treated with ceftazidime,while 36 episodes with imipenem-cilastin sodium.Efficacy,outcome,pathogen and drug-resistance were analyzed retrospectively.Results The effective rates 2 d later of ceftazidime and imipenem-cilastin sodium were 23.1％ and 72.2％ respectively with significant difference (P＜0.05).Gram-negative bacteria of ceftazidime and imipenem-cilastin sodium groups were 69.4％ and 65.2％ respectively without significant difference (P＞0.05).The cure rates 3 weeks later of ceftazidime and imipenemcilastin sodium groups were 23.1％ and 72.2％ respectively with significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion As subsequent therapy for PD-related peritonitis,imipenem-cilastin sodium can improve the cure rate.

To investigate association between prognosis of patients of peritoneal dialysis with their initial high peritoneal solute transport and complications. Two hundred and two patients with end-stage renal disease who began peritoneal dialysis during September 1,2006 to September 1, 2008 at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing were recruited in the study. They were undergone peritoneal equilibration test within six weeks after initiating peritoneal dialysis, and their types of peritoneal solute transport, complications,nutrition status and outcomes were all recorded until August 31,2010. Their survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Compare to those with other types of solute transport, patients with high peritoneal solute transport showed higher proportion of complications ( P < 0. 05 ) during dialysis, but less ultrafiltration function ( P < 0. 05 ), worse nutrition status ( P < 0. 05 ) and lower cumulative survival rate ( P < 0. 01 ).Among patients with high peritoneal solute transport, cumulative survival rate in those with complication was lower than those without it ( P = 0. 031 ). Prognosis of patients with high peritoneal solute transport possibly varies with their complications in dialysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPO) on renal injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in mice.Methods Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6J mice,aged 9-12 weeks,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =12 each):sham operation group ( S group),I/R group,and IPO + I/R group ( group IPO).Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion.The mice underwent 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s ischemia at the end of 45 min ischemia before 2 h reperfusion.Blood samples were collected from carotid artery at 2 h of reperfusion and then the mice were sacrificed.The kidney was removed for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of the kidney were scored.The concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)were detected.The expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase- 1 ( HO- 1 ),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in renal tissues.Results The concentrations of serum BUN,Cr and NGAL,MDA content and the expression of Nrf2 and HO- 1 were significantly higher,SOD activity was significantly lower,and the pathological score was significantly higher in group I/R that in group S ( P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum BUN,Cr and NGAL and MDA content were significantly lower,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and SOD activity were significantly higher,and the pathological score was significantly lower in group IPO that in group I/R ( P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the content of TNF-αα,IL-6 and IL-10 among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion IPO can alleviate the renal injury induced by intestinal I/R through promoting the expression of Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1 in mice.

An analytical method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/PDA-QDa) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN) in confiscated cannabis was developed.The seized cannabis was extracted in methanol by sonication.The binary mobile phase consisted of methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid) and water.After centrifugation, the supernatant was separated on Waters UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.The three cannabinoids were analyzed by photodiode array (PDA) detector at 220 nm and confirmed by mass spectrometer QDa.The correlation coefficient of standard curve for the three cannabinoids in linearity range was not less than 0.999, as well as the recoveries were 82%-102% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.36%-4.12% at three spiked levels.The method is specific, easy, quick and suitable for confirmation of the cannabinoids in seized cannabis.Cannabis plants in different areas were classified by their chemical phenotype as drug-type or fiber-type plants, taking into account the phenotypic index Δ9-THC, (Δ9-THC+CBN)/CBD, or the Δ9-THC/CBD and the (Δ9-THC+CBN)/CBD ratios.The analysis of the original composition of plant material is necessary for the detection and the quality control of cannabis plants.

Objective: To explore the relationship between protease-chymase secreted by mast cells, and activated transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), in skin with secondary lymphedema(SLE)in lower extremity, so as toidentify the key factors in fibrosis of lymphedema. Methods: In this study, the affected limb skin of 7 SLE patients was includedas the experimental group, and normal skin tissue of the lower limb of 7 volunteers was used as controls. The skin samples were assayed by Masson staining, and the expressions of chymase and TGF-β1 were assayed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There was obvious fibrosis in the skin of lower extremity in patients with lymphedema. The number of MCs andthe expressions of chymase, latency-associated peptide TGF-β1 (LAP TGF-β1) and TGF-β1 were all significantly increased in fibrotic skin in lymphedema, compared with those in normal skin. At the same time, the chymase-containing mast cells accumulated in the lymphatic vessels, with higher expression of TGF-β1. Conclusions The expression of chymase and TGF-β1 was significantly increased in the fibrotic skin insecondary lower extremity lymphedema. The increased expression of chymase in the skin may activate more TGF-β1 expression, and the increased TGF-β1 may promote skin fibrosis in SLE.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of indocyanine green(ICG)lymphography in primary lymphedema of extremities. Methods: 61 patients with limb lymphedema were enrolled in the study. The contralateral healthy limbs were used as controls. After intradermal injection of Indocyanine Green, dynamic observation of lymphatic vessels and lymph flow was performed using PDE near-infrared fluorescent instrument. The frequency of lymphatic contraction was calculated. Results: Lymphatic vessel images were clearly visualized in healthy limbs. Inguinal or axillary lymph nodes can be visualized when examined 30 minutes after injection. Lymphatic contraction frequency was 1(0.33-5.00)time per minute. 94.8% lymphedematous limb demonstrated delayed lymphatic vessel or lymph nodes. "Dermal backflow" and diffused shadow pattern can be observed in all affected limbs. Abnormal lymphatic vasculature and contraction can be visualized. The frequency of lymphatic contraction in the affected limb was higher compared to controls: 2.5(0.5-7.0) times per minute. Conclusions ICG lymphography possess high sensitivity for lymphedema diagnosis. ICG lymphography furthers our understanding of pathophysiological alterations of lymphatic disorders.

Approximately 8%to 15%of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)harbor BRAF mutation,and the V600E mutation is the most common form of BRAF mutation.The prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring BRAF V600E mutation is poor.Initial standard chemotherapy is often ineffective,necessitating an intensive follow-up treatment,which usually provides limited effic-acy.Consequently,the disease becomes notably difficult to treat and progresses rapidly,resulting in a decreased overall patient survival rate.This review details the research advancements in treatment of BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.

Objective To predict and assess biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms of the thorax and abdomen for small-sized females in vehicle collisions. Methods The accurate geometric model of the thorax and abdomen was constructed based on CT images of Chinese 5th percentile female volunteers. A thoracic-abdominal finite element model of Chinese 5th percentile female with detailed anatomical structure was developed by using the corresponding software. The model was validated by reconstructing three groups of cadaver experiments (namely, test of blunt anteroposterior impact on the thorax, test of bar anteroposterior impact on the abdomen, test of blunt lateral impact on the chest and abdomen). Results The force-deformation curves and injury biomechanical responses of the organs from the simulations were consistent with the cadaver experiment results, which validated effectiveness of the model. Conclusions The model can be used for studying injury mechanisms of the thorax and abdomen for small-sized female, as well as developing small-sized occupant restraint systems and analyzing the forensic cases, which lays foundation for developing the whole body finite element model of Chinese 5th percentile female.

【Objective】 To provide reference for fine management of blood donors by classifying and analyzing different types of blood donors from domestic blood stations. 【Methods】 The resident population of 15 regions in China from 2016 to 2019 were taken as the research object, among which the blood donors were divided into three categories: age-eligible citizens, registered donors and donated donors. The average value and proportion of the three categories were calculated and statistically analyzed. 【Results】 The resident population of the 15 regions varied greatly. The mean 95% CI of the proportion of age-eligible citizens to resident population from 2016 to 2019 was (60.16%, 67.84%); registered donors to age-eligible citizens and resident population was (2.21%, 2.86%) and (1.41%, 1.79%), respectively; donated donors to registered donors, age-eligible citizens and resident population was (84.63%, 91.68%), (1.93%, 2.55%) and(1.23%, 1.59%), respectively. 【Conclusion】 There were differences in the number and proportion of different types of blood donors in different regions. The fine management of blood donors can help blood stations carry out more effective recruitment and retention strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases （NCDs） and the association with quality of life in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS. MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 432 patients with HIV/AIDS （aged≥45 years） in the Infectious Disease Center in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University， and 366 participants were included in the analysis after quality control. A questionnaire and the EuroQol 5-Dimensional 3-level version （EQ-5D-3L） were used to investigate NCDs and quality of life and Tobit regression model was used to estimate the association between chronic diseases and quality of life. ResultsAmong the 366 participants， 29（7.9%） had cardiovascular disease， 45（12.3%） had hypertension， 122（33.3%） had hyperglycemia， 151（41.3%）had hyperlipidemia，7（1.9%） had cancer， 17 （4.6%） had chronic kidney disease， 38 （10.4%） had chronic liver disease， 21（5.7%） had musculoskeletal disorders， and 253（69.1%） suffered from at least one type of chronic diseases. The median （lower and upper quartiles） of EQ-5D utility index was 1.000（0.964~1.000）. Multivariate Tobit regression results of the total population showed that cancer ［b_a=-0.08，95%CI （-0.15，-0.01），P=0.036］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12，-0.02），P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.13， -0.05），P<0.001］， and ≥3 types of chronic diseases［b_a=-0.05， 95%CI（-0.08，-0.01），P=0.013］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index. The stratified analysis results of different CD4+T cell levels showed that hypertension ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12， -0.02）， P=0.007］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.10，95%CI （-0.18，-0.03）， P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.15， 95%CI （-0.22，-0.07）， P<0.001］ and ≥3 types of chronic diseases ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.09， -0.01）， P<0.001］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4≤500 （cells/μL）， whereas cancer［b_a=-0.11， 95%CI （-0.20，-0.01）， P=0.031］ was negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4＞500（cells/μL）. ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS is relatively high. The classification of NCDs such as cancer or chronic kidney disease or other chronic diseases and the numbers of NCDs categories are negatively correlated with quality of life. However，this association varies among patients with HIV/AIDS of different CD4+T cell levels. It is suggested that we should try to prevent and identify NCDs at an early stage， strengthen linkages and integration of health services for AIDS and chronic NCDs， and jointly manage and control AIDS with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS.