The development and evolution of the concept of quality of life(QOL)is introduced. Focuses on the quality of life scale in stroke patients with application and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various scale.

Objective To define which hyaluronan synthase (HAS), of three hyaluronan synthesizing enzymes HAS-1, HAS-2, and HAS-3, is primarily responsible for hyaluronan synthesis and extracellular matrix/extracellular coat formation in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) . Methods As a prerequisite study, the expression of each HAS mRNA in cultured HPMCs was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only the expression of HAS-2 and HAS-3 mRNA could be detected. The level of HAS-2 mRNA expression was about 10 fold higher than that of HAS-3. HAS-2 specific antisense oligonucleotide was then transfected into cultured HPMCs by lipofectamine. After 0, 8, 24, and 48 hours, the expression of HAS-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the extracellular coat was measured by particle exclusion test. Results 8 hours and 24 hours after transfection, the expression of HAS-2 mRNA in HPMCs decreased by 58% and 89% respectively; 48 hours after transfection, the expression of HAS-2 mRNA in HPMCs partially restored to 25% of the normal level. Correspondingly, 24 hours after transfection, the extracellular matrix/extracellular coat in HPMCs almost completely disappeared. However, as control, sense and reverse oligonucleotides showed no effect. Conclusion HAS-2 plays a leading role in HPMCs hyaluronan synthesis and the formation of extracellualr matrix/extracellular coat.

Aim To study the effect of leuprorelin acetate microspheres (LE ms) on endometriosis in rats, and compare the efficacy of material drug (LE), domestic and imported LE ms (enanton). Methods Endometriosis was induced by endometrial implant in rats. Then the animals were treated with LE (20 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 ? 28 d ,sc), enanton(20 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 ,sc)and domestic LE ms ( 2,20,200 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 ,sc). Results Implants in control group continued to grow, while those in groups treated with drugs shrinked significantly, and domestic LE ms could produce dose dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of endometrial implant in rats. Conclusion The domestic LE ms at the single dose of 20 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 has the same effectiveness as enanton and routine injection with the same does of LE for 28 days.

Calcium polyphosphate (CPP) may be a promising bone substitute with controllably-degraded ability. In this investigation, the effects of sintering temperatures on its phase transformation and structure parameters, such as crystalline size distribution and micro-strain were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The phase composition was calculated with reference intensity ratio (RIR). The crystalline size distribution and micro-strain were calculated with Warren-Averbach Fourier transfer (W-A/FT) method. The results demonstrated that at the temperature of 585 degrees C-900 degrees C, the phase transformation of amorphous CPP into crystalline gamma-CPP and then into beta-CPP occurred,and the course of such transformation was accompanied with the significant change of the mean crystalline size (D) and the mean micro-strain (epsilon).
Biocompatible Materials ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Calcium ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polyphosphates ; chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical

Present study used dip-coating techniques to fabricate ultrathin nano-HA coating on titanium in organic sol-gel of Ca (NO3)2. 4H2O and PO(CH3)3 and inorganic sol-gel of Ca (NO3)2. 4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the morphology and distribution of crystallite size (D) and lattice strain (epsilon) of ultrathin nano-HA coating. After heated at 400 degrees C, the apatite structure of coatings on titanium began to appear. At heating temperature of 400 degrees C-600 degrees C, the effect of heating temperature on D and epsilon of both coatings was obvious. Precursor types significantly affected the particle diameters of nano-HA coatings, which were 25-40 nm for organic sol-gel and about 100 nm for inorganic sol. The thickness of ultrathin nano-HA coatings was 2.5 microm for organic sol-gel and 5 microm for inorganic sol and morphology of interfaces between coating and titanium was intact and homogenous.
Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Gels ; Nanostructures

Objective To explore the relationship between the liver volume atrophy rate,liver stiffness measurements(LSM) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP) value with the Laennec histopathological classification in the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its value in the quantitative diagnosis of liver cirrhosis degree.Methods The clinicopathological data of liver biopsy tissue pathological slides,FibroScan,CT examination and hematological detection in 32 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed.Liver cirrhosis was divided into mild,moderate and severe according to the Laennec liver cirrhosis histopathological classification.Then the relationship between the liver volume atrophy rate,LSM and CTP score with liver cirrhosis histopathological.Results Among 32 cases,9 cases(28.12％) were mild,12 cases(37.50％) were moderate and 11 cases(34.38％) were severe.The liver volume atrophy rates of mild,moderate and severe groups were (16.75±2.20)％,(23.11±6.67)％ and(35.55±5.70)％ respectively;LSM were(14.96±3.36),(20.21± 3.07),(37.03 ± 16.44) kPa respectively,the difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (P＜ 0.01).The CTP scores had no statistical difference among the 3 groups were(P＞0.05).The cirrhosis histopathological grade had the positive correlation with the liver volume atrophy rate and LSM(r=0.93,0.74,P＜0.01),however had no obvious correlation with the CTP scores(r=0.27,P＞0.05);the liver volume atrophy rate was positively correlated with LSM and CTP score(r=0.90,0.91,P＜0.01);while LSM had no obvious correlation with CTP score (r =0.15,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The more severe the cirrhosis histoathological grade,the bigger the liver volume atrophy rate and the higher the FibroScan detection value;the liver volume atrophy rate and LSM may serve as the quantitative diagnosis indicators of liver fibrosis histopathological severity.

Light-emitting diodes (LED) can emit lights of different wavelengths, including blue light, yellow light, red light and infrared light. LED has been widely used in dermatology due to its high safety, maneuverability, color purity and low energy. For example, blue light is mostly applied to acne treatment, yellow light is usually used in melasma treatment, red light can be used in treatment of androgenetic alopecia, and infrared light has the function of promoting skin repair. Combination of multi-band lights tends to be applied in clinical practice. For example, the red light and blue light combination, red light and yellow light combination, as well as yellow light and infrared light combination are effective for acne treatment, repair after laser treatment, and skin rejuvenation respectively.

Objective To propose a treatment planning optimization algorithm which can make full use of OAR dose distribution prediction meanwhile improving the output planning quality as much as possible.Methods We had reformulated an FMO function under the guidance of dose distribution prediction and also integrated equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) based on the consideration of prediction uncertainty,for providing optimal solution.Performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the optimized IMRT plan quality of 8 cervical cancers in the term of DVH curves,dose distribution and dosimetric endpoints with the original ones.Results The proposed method had a feasible,fast solution.Compared with original plan,its output plan had better plan quality in better dose homogeneity,less hot spot and further dose sparing for OARs.V30,V45 of rectum was decreased by (6.60±3.53)％ and (17.03±7.44)％,respectively,with the statistically significant difference (t=-4.954,-6.055,P＜0.05).V30,V45 of bladder was decreased by (14.74 ± 5.61) ％ and (14.99 ± 4.53) ％,respectively,with the statistically significant difference (t=-6.945,-8.759,P＜0.05).Conclusions We have successfully developed a predicted dose distribution and equivalent uniform dose-based planning optimization method,which is able to make good use of 3D dose prediction and ensure the output plan quality for intensity modulated radiation therapy.

Objective:To establish a correlation model between MRI and CT images to generate synthetic-CT (sCT) of head and neck cancer during MRI-guided radiotherapy by using generative adversarial networks (GAN).Methods:Images and IMRT plans of 45 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were collected before treatment. Firstly, the MRI (T1) and CT images were preprocessed, including rigid registration, clipping, background removal and data enhancement, etc. Secondly, the cases were trained by GAN, of which 30 cases were randomly selected and put into the network as training set images for modeling and learning, and the other 15 cases were used for testing. The image quality of predicted sCT and real CT were statistically compared, and the dose distribution recalculated upon predicted sCT was statistically compared with that of real planned dose distribution.Results:The mean absolute error of the predicted sCT of the testing set was (79.15±11.37) HU, and the SSIM value was 0.83±0.03. The MAE values of dose distribution difference at different regional levels were less than 1% compared to the prescription dose. The gamma passing rate of the sCT dose distribution was higher than 92% and 98% under the 2mm/2% and 3mm/3% criteria.Conclusions:We have successfully proposed and realized the generation of sCT for head and neck cancer using GAN, which lays a foundation for the implementation of MRI-guided radiotherapy. The comparison of image quality and dosimetry shows the feasibility and accuracy of this method.

Objective:To compare the accuracy and generalized robustness of three predictive models of knowledge-based treatment strategies for radiotherapy for optimized model selection.Methods:The clinical radiotherapy plans of 45 prostate cancer (PC) cases and 25 nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cases were collected, and analyzed using three models (Z, L and S model), proposed by Zhu et al, Appenzoller et al and Shiraishi et al, respectively, to predict the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of bladder and rectum on PC cases and that of left and right parotid on NPC cases. The prediction error was measured by the difference of area under the predicted DVH and the clinical DVH curves (|V (pre_DVH)-V (clin_DVH)|), where a smaller prediction error implies a greater prediction accuracy. The accuracies of these three models were compared on the single organ at risk (OAR), and the generalized robustness of models was evaluated and compared by calculating the standard deviation of the prediction accuracy on different OAR. Results:For bladder and rectum, the prediction error of L model (0.114 and 0.163, respectively) was significantly higher than those values of Z and S models (≤0.071, P<0.05); for left parotid gland, the predicted error of S model (0.033) did not present significant difference from those values of Z and L models (≤0.025, P>0.05); for right parotid gland, S model (0.033) demonstrated significantly higher prediction error than those of Z and L models (≤0.028, P<0.05). Regarding different OAR, S model showed a lower standard deviation of prediction accuracy when comparing to Z and L models (0.016, 0.018 and 0.060, respectively). Conclusions:In the prediction of DVH in bladder and rectum of PC, Z and S models were more accurate than L model. In contrast, Z and L models demonstrated higher accuracy than S model in the prediction of left and right parotid glands of NPC. In respect to different OAR, the generalized robustness of S model was superior than the other two models.