Animals ; Cognition ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; methods

Objective To understand the direct economic burden of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)due to multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).Methods Computer retrieval of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Sci-enceDirect,and Cochrane databases on literatures about economic burden of MDRO HAI at home and abroad were performed,the retrieval time was from database establishment to December 2015,systematic evaluation of the liter-atures was obtained.Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,as well as through Newcastle-Otta-wa Scale (NOS)for evaluating the literatures,19 literatures were included.In 12 studies about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection,the direct economic cost varied from $916.61 to $62908.00;in 4 studies about MDRO Acinetobacterbaumannii infection,the direct economic cost varied from$4644.00 to $98575.00.Direct economic cost due to extended-spectrumβ-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae was $2824.14-$30093.00. Conclusion MDRO HAI will increase economic cost of both hospitals and patients,prevention and control measures should be taken .

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of achalasia of cardia. Methods Clinical data of 27 cases who were diagnosed with achalasia of cardia recived POEM from May 2014 to March 2016 were collected retrospectively. The surgical results, before and after POEM, parameters measured by esophageal manometry and complications after POEM and during follow-up were analyzed. Results POEM were successful 100.0% in the 27 patients. There was 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 case of aeropleura symptoms were significantly improved in all patients who had successful POEM; parameters measured by esophageal manometry were also improved obviously (P < 0.05). Conclusion POEM has appreciable short-term effects in the treatment for achalasia of cardia, and it can be relieve dysphagia and other adverse symptoms in postoperation, but the long-term efficacy and complications need further follow-up observations.

Objective To investigate the effect of high glucose on the expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in human macrophages (THP-1 cell line). Methods THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by induction of phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PMA). Surface markers of macrophages were identified by CD68 immunohistochemistry. The macrophages were cultured with different concentration (5.6, 11.1, 22.2 and 33.3 mmol/L) of glucose and different time (0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h). Real time PCR and Western blotting methods were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression of LXRs and ABCA1. Results As compared to 5.6 mmol/L glucose, macrophage LXRβ and ABCA1 were decreased significantly at both mRNA and protein levels in dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Hyperglycemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis through the inhibition of LXRs and ABCA1 expression in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is a group of protein kinase related with neuronal apoptosis. Sleep derivation can lead to neuronal apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe change and possible significance of MAPKs in rats after sleep deprivation.DESIGN: Prospective study with complete randomization.SETTING:Research Room of Nerve, Department of Physiology, Zhengzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at Zhengzhou University from June 2000 to October 2002. Totally 24 adult healthy SD rats were selected.METHODS: A total of 24 rats were randomly assigned into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation group, REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the sleep deprivation group received successive sleep deprivationfor 72 hours from 8:00in the morning. The rats in the normal control group were fed in the rearing cage, having normal sleep-awareness cycle. Their morphological change was observed. Another 24 rats were grouped as above and determined with MAPKs. Morphological change of neurons in hippocampus of rats after sleep deprivation was observed with terminal dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL)staining. Changes of activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)and expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Morphological change of hippocampal neuron in rats after sleep derivation was observed. ②Changes of expressions of ERK and JNK in hippocampal neuron were observed.RESULTS: ①Morphological change of hippocarnpal neuron: A mass of apoptotic positive cells appeared in CA1 and CA3 regions of rats in the REM sleep deprivation group, mainly distributed in pyramidal layer of hippocampus. A few apoptotic cells appeared in CA2 region. Seldom apoptotic cells appeared in the CA4 region. There was no significant positive cell in hippocampal tissue sections of the normal control group and REM sleep deprivation control group. ②Change of ERK activity: It was significantly lower in the REM sleep deprivation group than the REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group (1 764.00±941.56,6 139.67±2 863.62,566.700±2 763.41 ,t=3.211 1,0.986 3,P ＜ 0.05). ③JNK positive expression: It was markedly higher in the REM sleep deprivation group than the REM sleep deprivation control group and normal control group (87.5%, 25%, 75%, t=3.412 1, P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The sleep deprivation can cause change of MAPKs activity, which may be related with neuron apoptosis.

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; Humans

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Industry ; Inhalation Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure ; statistics & numerical data ; Quartz

Aim To investigate the effects of berberine combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BM-MSCs) on the energy metabolism of human um-bilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) under the condition of high glucose. Methods ①The state of cell reproduction and cell proliferating activity were de-termined by MTT assay. ②The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry ( FCM ) . ③DNA damage of cells was measured by comet tail assay. ④The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP were determined by high perform-ance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) and the level of energy charge ( EC) was calculated. ⑤The expression of CCR and COX mRNA was detected by reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . ⑥The expressions of COX and CCR were detected by Western blot. Results ①The proliferating activity of HUVECs declined apparently and the proliferation decreased af-ter high glucose intervention. Meanwhile, the quantity of cells during S +G2 dropped dramatically and there was certain degree of damage to DNA. The berberine and BM-MSCs respectively improved the proliferating activity and the proliferation in different degrees, in-creased the quantity of cells during S+G2 and promo-ted the repair of DNA ( P <0 . 01 ) , and so did the combination of the two, with a better effect than each of them alone. ②After high glucose intervention and the damage caused, the content of both ATP and ADP of HUVECs was reduced, and EC level also declined significantly, while the content of AMP increased. The berberine and BM-MSCs respectively up-regulated the content of ATP and ADP ( P<0. 01 ) , and so did the combination of the two, with a better effect than each of them alone. ③After high glucose intervention and the damage caused, the expression of COX, CCR mR-NA and protein decreased obviously. Yet, all of the three gained a dramatic increase when the berberine, BM-MSCs or the combination of the two were added ( P<0. 01 or P <0. 05 ) , among which the combination worked more effectively. Conclusions The berber-ine, BM-MSCs and the joint use of the two could im-prove the energy metabolism of HUVECs, which had been damaged by high glucose, probably because the berberine and BM-MSCs could up-regulate the expres-sion of COX, CCR mRNA and protein, which leads to the hydrolyzation of glucose oxide and thus the im-provement of blood environment and the enhancement of glucose's supply and intake of HUVECs. Then, here comes the final result: the improvement of the energy metabolism of damaged vascular endothelial cells by high glucose.

Objective To explore the reliability of handgrip strength test for evaluating mobility in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods Sixty-one COPD patients in stable stage were measured for handgrip strength and 6-minute walking test(6MWT).The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was calculated to determine the best cutoff points of handgrip strength.Results Handgrip strength was (33.72-±7.47) kgf,6MWD was (437.06±97.96) m,handgrip strength was moderately correlated with 6MWD (r=0.404,P=0.001).6MWD≥350 m was used to classify two groups,and there was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Area under the curv e was 0.722,and the best cutoff points was 32.8 kgf.Conclusion Handgrip strength test can be a useful tool to quickly identify mobility in patients with stable COPD.

Objective To observe effect of Compound Ruikangxin Capsula(CRC) on anxiety-like symptoms of morphine-withdrawal rats and investigate its mechanism.Methods The elevating doses were applied to validating anxiety-like behavior in SD male rats with sc morphine for 10 d.Treatments with ig administration of CRC(100,200,and 300 mg/kg) and buspirone(15 mg/kg) were performed during 1—3 d morphine withdrawal(twice every day).The plus elevated maze was applied to validating anxiety-like symptom in rats.The expression levels of synaptophysin were detected on hippocampus in groups by immunohistochemitry 72 h after sc morphine.Results As compared with the control group,animals treated with CRC(200 and 300 mg/kg) and buspirone had higher ratio of entry into open arm (P