Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Voice Disorders ; etiology ; surgery

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent chemotactic and mitogenic factor, is involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis and platelet production. Our studies demonstrate the presence of functional PDGF receptors (PDGFR) on human megakaryocytes/platelets and CD34(+) cells, and their ability to mediate a mitogenic response. PDGF promotes the ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem (CD34(+)) and progenitor (CD41(+)) cells. More significantly, PDGF enhances the engraftment of human CD45(+) cells and their myeloid subsets (CD33(+), CD14(+) cells) in NOD/SCID mice. PDGF also stimulates in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis via PDGFR and/or the indirect effect on bone marrow microenvironment to produce TPO and other cytokines. It also shows a direct stimulatory effect of PDGF on c-Fos, GATA-1 and NF-E2 expressions in megakaryocytes. We speculate that these transcription factors may be involved in the signal transduction of PDGF on the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. PDGF also enhances platelet recovery in mouse model with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. This radioprotective effect is likely to be mediated via PDGFR with subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. It provides a possible explanation that blockage of PDGFR may reduce thrombopoiesis and play a role in imatinib mesylate-induced thrombocytopenia.
Animals ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Thrombopoiesis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effect of eosinophils(EOS)in asthmatic guinea pigs airway and explore the mechanism of antiasthma by inhaled arsenic trioxide. Methods The guinea pigs asthma models were established with ovalbumin(OVA)challenge method,2 groups received inhaled different doses of arsenic trioxide,and three control groups respectively received normal saline inhaled and high dose of arsenic trioxide by intraperitoneal injection and dexamethasone(DEX)intraperitoneally. EOS invaded and apoptosis with all of the groups were assessed after 7 days intraperitoneal injection or inhalation. Results Compared with group of inhaled normal saline, both EOS invaded and apoptosis in bronchus submuconsa were significantly different(P0.05)among groups of inhaled low dose arsenic trioxide [2.0 mg(kg?d)]and intraperitoneal injection with higher dose arsenic trioxide[5.0 kg/(kg?d)]and DEX[10 mg/(kg?d)]for these two parameters. Conclusions The mechanism of arsenic trioxide antiasthma with arsenic trioxide can decrease EOS amount in bronchial submucosa and accelerate EOS apoptosis, and relieve bronchial inflammation in asthma. For inhaled lower dose arsenic trioxide or intraperitoneal injection with high dose arsenic trioxide ,the effect of EOS is equivalent. The antiasthma effect of inhaled lower dose arsenic trioxide[2.0 mg/(kg?d)]is equivalent to intraperitoneal injection higher dose[5.0 mg/(kg?d)],and may be safe comparatively. The mechanism of antiasthma by inhaled arsenic trioxide is the same with DEX.

Capsid Proteins ; metabolism ; Endocytosis ; physiology ; Virus Internalization ; Viruses ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate the effect of high and low shear stress on endothelial permeability and tight junctions(TJs). METHODS: Rabbit abdominal aortas in normal and high fat diet groups were stenosed to 60.7%?7.0% of original cross areas, they were sacrificed after 7 days, and the arteries were stained with Evans blue and Sudan Ⅳ. TJs were investigated with freeze fracture. RESULTS: The non-stenosis aortas were negative, there are 1 mm-wide constant and circular positive areas proximal and distal to the stenosis and scattered, dotted and patched positive areas within 8 mm distal to stenosis. Freeze fracture reveals that in the hyperpermeable regions, the percentages of zonular type of TJs and the numbers of strands of TJs of zonular and macular types in the distal regions are significantly lower than those in the proximal regions (P

AIM: To study the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) on elastase after balloon injury. METHODS: The carotid arteries and aortas twelve-weeks-old Wistar male rats were injured by balloon catheter. The rats were divided into experimental and control groups in which ACEI (temocapril-HCl,10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) and the vehicle were administered 2 days before injury respectively and the animals were sacrificed on day 2, 3, 5 and 10, respectively. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and elastase activity bioassay were used for studying elastase . RESULTS: The intimal area on day 10 in the experimental group was significantly suppressed compared to that in the control rats( P

Humans ; Larynx ; surgery ; Neurilemmoma ; surgery

Objective To investigate the expression of regeneration gene protein-2(Reg-2) after the transection injury in rat spinal cord. Methods Forty five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: in the injury group,the SCI was produced by complete transection of the cord at the 9(th) thoracic level,and the sham operation rats were taken as the normal control.The animals were perfused at 1h,1d,3d,7d,14d after the operation,and the spinal cord was taken out at different time points.The expressions of Reg-2 were tested by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting,the double staining of Reg-2 and different neural cells special markers(GFAP,Olig2,NPY,CGRP,GAP-43,et al)was done with immunofluorescence method. Results The expression of Reg-2 was found at 1h after the spinal cord injury,reached the peak on day 3 after the injury in the neurons of dorsal horn and day 7 in the neurons of ventral horn.The high expression persisted for 1 week,then decreased gradually.Conclusion Reg-2 may work as an important growth factor and participate in the regeneration and rehabilitation process after the spinal cord injury.

Traditionally, stem cells in adult tissues were believed to be restricted in their differentiation potential and limited to generate the types of cell present in the tissue in which the stem cell resides. Recently, however, many studies indicate that stem cells may display a broader differentiation potential, termed plasticity or transdifferentiation, than what was previously thought. But the validity of this understanding has been challenged by some investigators. In this review, the authors present some standpoints on stem cell plasticity and discuss some phenomena of stem cell plasticity observed on animal models those have been generally accepted currently.