Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are inflammatory myopathies and slowly advanced of unknown etiology that affect the skeletal muscles.With the advancement of the constant research on the disease and use of new technology,people have a penetrating realization about the pathogenesis. The disease is thought to be associated with autoimmune as well as nonimmune mechanism. By now, there is no overall summary on the newest advancement of the pathogenesis.We summarized the progress on the pathogenesis of the disease in order to make it more clear to physicians.

Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive vision-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus.The characters of diabetic retinopathy in clude capillary occlusion,microcirculation disturbance and retina neovascularization near ischemic areas of the retina.The exact pathogenic mechanism is still unclear.Recent studies showed that it may be related to vascular inflammation of the retina.Cytokines can cause induction of proinflammatory and adhesion molecules and thereby increase monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion,which is now accepted as the early key event in the development of diabetic retinopathy.The functions of many cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor,transforming growth factor-β,basic fibroblast growth factor and ideas for medicine therapeutic to diabetic retinopathy are summarized in this review.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the association of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)promoter-308A/G polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)susceptibility in East Asian population based on the meta-analysis. Methods We searched all the publications about the association between TNF-α promoter -308A/G polymorphism and RA in East Asian population from PubMed, Ebsco, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and Wanfang (Chinese). Meta-analysis was performed for genotypes AA versus GG, GA versus GG, AA versus GG+GA,GA+AA versus GG, and A allele versus G allele in a fixed/random effect model. Results A total of 4 studies (957 cases and 1196 controls)were included in the current meta-analysis(three Chinese and one Japanese studies). When all groups were pooled, significant association of A allele and decreased RA risk was found (OR=0.36, 95%CI=0.16～0.80, P=0.01). When analyses were limited to race homogeneous population,significant association of A allele and decreased RA risk was found in Chinese population(OR=0.40, 95%CI=0.16～1.01, P=0.05). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates significant negative association between TNF-α promoter-308A/G polymorphism and RA in East Asian and Chinese population.

Objective:To quantitively detect TfR gene expression of human white blood cell before and after iron supplementation. Methods:Before and after iron supplementation,10 healthy women were phlebotomized separately,and the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to analyze the expression difference of TfR gene in human white blood cell. Results:TfR gene expression decreased after iron supplementation in 10 women,more evidently in 7 cases,where the expression level was half less than before iron supplementation. Conclusion:TfR gene expression of human white blood cell could be quantitatively measured by FQ-PCR,and was decreased after iron supplementation in 10 women. It explained that the regulative mechanism of TfR mRNA expression by iron is also suitable to white blood cell.

Continuous blood purification therapy, one of the most popular multiple organ protection and life support technology, has been widely used in the treatment of critical illness.After the initial introduction of the concept of dialytrauma or CRRT trauma in 2012, the related complications are getting more and more attention.The loss of heat caused by CBP may lead to hypothermia.Howev-er, to critically ill patients, controversy still reigns on the influence of this issue.There is no guideline developed through clinical prac-tice to define such issue.This article reviews the methods as well as results of related clinical studies to discuss how to manage the hy-pothermia during CBP.

Objective To investigate the expressions of VEGF and Ang-1 in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD and its effects on lung development. Methods 48 SD neonatal rats (2 or 3 days old) were randomly divided into two group and raised under hyperoxia or air for 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the level VEGF and Ang-1 mRNAs and proteins in lung tissues of the two groups. HE staining was used to observe the changes of lung morphology. Results The levels of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNAs in the lung on the 7th day in the control group were 0.722 ± 0.372 and 0.828 ± 0.462, respectively, and those in hyperoxia group were 0.239 ± 0.293 and 0.327 ± 0.184 , respectively. The levels of VEGF and Ang-1 proteins on the 7th day in the control group were 0.632 ± 0.289 and 0.573 ± 0.436, respectively, and those in hyperoxia group were 0.358 ± 0.128 and 0.204 ± 0.068 , respectively. Comparing to the control group , the levels of VEGF and Ang-1 mRNAs and proteins on the 7th days significantly decreased in the hyperoxia groups (P<0.05). The lung tissues of the hyperoxia group display dysplastic features with , alveolar simplification , reduced alveolar numbers and retardation on microvascular development. Conclusion VEGF and Ang-1, functioning as an important regulators for pulmonary vascular development , are involved in the pathogenesis of BPD and the lung development.

Objective To study the application of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching in clinical probation of gynecology and obstetrics. Methods The patten of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching was applied to experimental group,and the traditional teaching pattern to control group. The teaching effects were evaluated by evaluation of teacher,questionnaire after class and examination. Results Satisfaction ratio of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in questionnaire after class. The fine ratio of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in written history and case analysis; but there was no significance in excellence ratio and pass ratio. There was no significance in pass ratio ,fine ratio and excellence ratio of finals between them. Conclusion The application of problem-based learning in combination with simulating teaching in clinical probation of gynecology and obstetrics can develop students'ability to practice and improve the quality of class teaching.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Zaizao Nongsuo Wan. Methods Artificial Calculus Bovis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Rhizoma Coptidis and Herba Ephedrae were identified by TLC. The content of Muscone was determined by GC. Results Under the selected conditions, the clear and distinguished spots were obtained. For content determination, the linear range of Muscone was 0.101 2 ? g～ 1.012 ? g, r=0.999 9, the average recovery was 99.11 % ( n=5) and RSD was 3.59 % . Conclusion The methods are proved to be simple, specialization with a good reproducibility, and can be used to control the quality of Zaizao Nongsuo Wan.

Benzene ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of float needle therapy combined with reperfusion activity for pain induced by cyclomastopathy.

METHODSThirty-five female patients with cyclomastopathy were randomly divided into a comprehensive group (18 cases) and a float needle group (17 cases). In the comprehensive group, float needle manipulation was used at the centre of the biceps brachii belly or the ligature between the affected nipple and breast nodule, about 4 cm beside the exterior margin of the breast, and the reperfusion activity of the affected upper limb and breast was combined. In the float needle group, simple float needle therapy was adopted. In the two groups, treatment was started 7 ± 3 days before menstruation, once every other day. After 3-time treatment, the changes of short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) scores before and after treatment, the time of pain relieved during the first treatment, recurrence in 3 months after treatment and the adverse reaction were observed. Also, the clinical effects of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSImmediately at the end of the first treatment,after 3-time treatment and while followed up for one month, each item score and the total score of SF-MPQ were decreased apparently than the scores before treatment (all P < 0.05), and all the scores mentioned above of the comprehensive group were declined more obviously than those of the float needle group (all P < 0.05). The time of pain relieved during the first treatment of the comprehensive group was much shorter than that of the float needle group [(94.72 ± 33.67) s vs (162.06 ± 29.16) s, P < 0.01]. The recurrence rate of the comprehensive group in 3 months after treatment was 5.9% (1/17), which was better than 20.0% (3/15) of the float needle group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFloat needle therapy combined with reperfusion activity and simple float needle therapy can both safely and effectively improve cyclomastopathy, and the combination therapy is better than simple float needle therapy in the aspects of pain relieving effect at once and the long term effect.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Breast Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mammary Glands, Human ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Pain Measurement