Objective To study the effects of glucose on gene expression and activity of aldose reductase (AR) in endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro. The activity of AR gene expression in mRNA level in HUVECs were measured by RT-PCR and biochemical assay. Results The AR mRNA levels and its activity increased in dose-depended manner in endothelial cells incubated for 24h with 11mmol/L,22mmol/L glucose, compared with those in 5.5 mmol/L glucose ( P

Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Cyanides ; administration & dosage ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for late-preterm birth of twins. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 301 twins delivered in Beijing Haidian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between August 1, 2011 and August 31, 2013. Twins with late-preterm births were classified as the observation group(n=138) and those delivered at term were classified as the control group (n=163). Comparison between the two groups was conducted on both maternal and neonatal complications. Two independent sample Student's t test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Results (1) The ratio of two male fetuses, dichorionic diamniotic twins, and iatrogenic preterm birth were 41.3% (57/138), 76.1% (105/138) and 65.2% (90/138), respectively, in the observation group, while 23.9% (39/163), 89.6% (146/163) and 96.9% (158/163), respectively, in the control group (χ2=10.40, 9.81 and 53.59, respectively, all P<0.05). Mean birth weight of twins in the observation group was less than that in the control group [(2 450±349) vs (2 640±304) g, t=7.12, P<0.05]. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, history of abortion, mode of conception and 1 min Apgar score of the neonates between the two groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05). (2) The risk factors for late-preterm birth of twins included hypertension diseases complicated pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, anemia and umbilical cord abnormality [OR=0.190(95%CI: 0.094-0.387), 1.980 (95%CI: 1.009-3.883), 0.030(95%CI: 0.007-0.131), 0.062(95%CI: 0.006-0.642), 0.470(95%CI:0.243-0.908) and 2.779(95%CI:1.093-20.736), respectively, all P<0.01 or 0.05]. (3) The incidences of hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory diseases, hypoglycemia, anemia, and neonatal infection were 27.9%(77/276), 4.4%(12/276), 4.7%(13/276), 4.4%(12/276) and 3.6%(10/276), respectively, in the observation group, which were all higher than those in the control group [9.5%(31/326), 0.6%(2/326), 1.2%(4/326), 0.6%(2/326) and 0.3%(1/326), respectively,χ2=34.33, 9.18, 6.61, 9.18 and 9.16, respectively, all P<0.05]. The incidence of small for gestational age in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [3.6%(10/276) vs 12.3%(40/326),χ2=3.86, P<0.05]. Other complications in the two groups (intracranial hemorrhage, acidosis, and hemolysis) were not significantly different (all P>0.05). Conclusions Late-premature births in twin pregnancies are related to many maternal and fetal risk factors. Therefore, clear understanding of these risk factors might improve the pregnancy outcomes.

The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are still high in our country,they severely threaten peopleS health and quality of life.A dysregulated or reduced autophagy is associated with ischemic heart disease,cardiac hypertrophy,heart failure and arrhythmia.Autophagy is a key regulator in CVD development,and is essential for maintenance of heart function and improvement of prognosis.Thus,modulating autophagy represents an attractive future therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.This article reviewed the research progression about effects of autophagy on ischemic heart disease,cardiac hypertrophy,heart failure and arrhythmia.

Although under the aegis of severe supervision and punishment by the central administrators and the subordinates, cheating in college entrance examination is still a common phenomenon.Why?Economists attribute it to the game between risks and profits.Sociologists have different idea that cheating results from the prevailing disordered values.Educationists consider it to be the consequence of present education alienation.The purpose of adapting aspects of multi-subjects to analyze the problem is to probe into the truth of cheating and find out some more practical measures to prevent cheating.

The strength model of self-control suggests that the exertion of self-control depends on a limited resource. Intervention studies over the years have aimed to improve participants'self-control via increasing their ca-pacity for the resource or decreasing their consumption of it. We conducted a review of the literature to provide summarized updates on the advances made in the intervention studies that have been conducted based on the strength model. The findings suggest that various behavior-training methods can build greater capacity for self-con-trol resource. Meanwhile,several behavior-training methods,mindfulness,and ingestion of glucose may also effec-tively slow down or enhance the recovery of ego-depletion. Future studies may further explore the mechanisms through which the behavior-training exert its positive influence. Similarly,to improve the ecological validity,it is recommended that future studies pay more attention to a wide range of self-control tasks. Qualitative studies are also wanted. Additionally,to improvethe daily life applications of the various intervention techniques,these sorts of stud-ies have the propensity to improve the practical significance of the strength model of self-control.

Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD),iodine nutritional status and implementation situation of the prevention and control measures before and after the adjustment of edible salt iodine level in Xi'an City,and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of IDD.Methods In 2011,seven counties (areas) of Xi'an City were selected,including Lintong,Weiyang,Chang'an,Lantian,Gaoling,Zhouzhi and Huxian,and five subareas were selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county (area),one township was selected in the centre subarea and two townships were selected in other subareas,four villages were selected in every township,edible salt samples of eight households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.Six areas of Xi'an City were selected,including Yanta,Beilin,Yanliang,Lianhu,Xincheng and Baqiao,one township was selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county,four villages were selected in every township,edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.One school was respectively selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in 13 counties,42 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect goiter.Two schools were selected in Beilin,Lianhu and Xincheng,respectively,30 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.The remaining 10 counties were respectively divided according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre,two schools were selected in the centre subarea,30 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to test urine iodine,one school was selected in other subareas,15 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.In 2015,13 counties were selected,one township was selected according to the five directions as east,west,south,north and centre in each county,four villages were selected in every township,and edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine.One school was selected in every township,42 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect goiter.Meanwhile,40 children aged 8-10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine.Results The median of salt iodine was 33.70 mg/kg in 2011,which was higher than that in 2015 (24.96 mg/kg),the difference was statistically significant (Z =31.059,P ＜ 0.05).In 2012 and 2015,the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.79％ (3 808/3 816) and 99.90％ (3 896/3 900),consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 99.32％ (3 791/3 816) and 97.64％ (3 808/3 900).The rate of weighted goiter in 2011 was 2.76％,which was higher than that in 2015 (1.17％),the difference was statistically significant (X2 =15.11,P ＜ 0.01).The median of urinary iodine was 292.5 μg/L in 2011,which was higher than that in 2015 (259.0 μg/L),the difference was statistically significant (Z =2.862,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The population iodine nutritional status is more than sufficient in Xi'an City after adjustment of edible salt iodine level,there is still a space for lowering the iodine level in edible salt.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of KaVo DIAGNOdent(DD)by comparing the diagnostic results of visual examination(VE)and stereomicroscope.Methods:The occlusal surface of 68 extracted teeth were examined by DD and VE,confirmed the examining points and marked,then cut these teeth along the markers.The results of stereomicroscope were classified into D0,D1,2,D3,4 according to the occlusal caries' depth,and recognized as gold standard.The difference of sensitivity,specificity between VE and DD,and their coherence were analyzed.Results:Sensitivity of DD,in D3,4 level of occlusal caries,was the highest.Compared to the results of stereomicroscope,the accuracy of DD and VE was the highest in D3,4 level.The coherence of DD and VE was low in all levels.Conclusion:The present cut-off point of DD affects the assessment of DD diagnostic result.Future study about key points of diagnosis of DD can widen its use in clinic.

Aim To investigate interaction of CJX1,an amlodipine derivative,with ATPase activity of human P-glycoprotein.Methods Plasma membranes were prepared from K562/DOX cells,the P-gp adenosine triphosphatase activity of K562/DOX cell membranes was estimated by measuring inorganic phosphate liberation.Results The basal P-gp ATPase activity was increased by CJX1 with half-maximal activity concentration (Km) of (8.6?1.4) ?mol?L-1,CJX1 might interact with P-gp with a higher affinity and exhibit more potent effect than Verapamil (Ver).Kinetic analysis indicated a non-competitive inhibition of Ver-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by CJX1 and a competitive inhibition of CJX1-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity by tetrandrine (Tet),moreover,the effect of CsA on CJX1-stimulated and Ver-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity showed a non-competitive and a competitive inhibition respectively.Conclusion CJX1 and Tet can bind P-gp on overlapping sites,while CJX1 and Ver as well as CsA can bind P-gp on separated sites in K562/DOX cells.

Objective:To study the in vitro corneal permeation and antibacterial activity of N-trimethyl chitosan(TMC)-coated sparfloxacin lactate(SL)nanoliposomes. Methods:Franz diffusion cells were used with rabbit cornea as the barrier to study the in vitro corneal permeation of TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes,and the permeation parameters were calculated. Eseheriehia eoli,staphylo-eoeeus aureus,pseudomonas aeruginosa and baeillus subtilis were used as the tested bacterial strains and the in vitro antibacterial activity of the SL preparations was investigated to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)and the relationship of bacterial inhibitory rate and time. Results:The order of steady permeation rate(J),corneal perme-ation coefficient(P)and corneal retention rate was TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes > SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop. The order of lag time(τ)and corneal diffusion coefficient(D)was SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop > TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes. The in vitro an-tibacterial activity showed the order of TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes > SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop. Conclusion:Compared with the eye drop,liposomes can enhance the corneal permeation and storage of SL with improved antibacterial activity,and TMC-coating can further improve the permeation and antibacterial activity,which is worthy of further study.