Objective To investigate clinical effect of file hand stainless steel and nickel -titanium instru-ment combined with sonic endodontic on chronic periapical periodontitis for C -shaped root canals in mandibular sec-ond molars.Methods 140 patients with chronic periapical periodontitis for C -shaped root canals in mandibular sec-ond molar were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,including A group (70 patients)with file hand stainless steel and B group (70patients)with sonic endodontic combined with nickel -titanium instrument.The following -up success rate of root canal therapy,filling quality of root canal,incidence of pain reaction and complication of root canal preparation between the two groups were compared.Results The following -up success rate of root canal therapy in 6 months after treatment of A group and B group were 32.86%(23 /70),67.14%(47 /70).The following -up suc-cess rate of root canal therapy in 12 months after treatment of A group and B group were 64.29%(45 /70),72.86%(51 /70).The following -up success rate of root canal therapy in 6 months after treatment of B group was significantly higher than A group(χ2 =10.27,P <0.05).There was no significant difference in following -up success rate of root canal therapy in 12 months after treatment between the two groups(χ2 =2.14,P >0.05).The good filling rate of root canal of B group was significantly higher than A group(χ2 =9.70,P <0.05).The incidence rates of pain reaction of A group and B group were 48.57%(34 /70),21.43%(15 /70).The incidence rate of pain reaction of B group was significantly lower than A group(χ2 =12.15,P <0.05).The incidence rates of apical foramen deformation,wall perforation and step formation of A group were 6.54%(14 /214),0.93%(2 /214),7.94%(17 /214),those of A group were 7.73%(17 /220),0.91%(2 /220),1.82%(4 /220).The incidence rate of step formation of B group was significantly lower than A group (χ2 =11.14,P <0.05 ).There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of apical foramen deformation and wall perforation between the two groups (χ2 =3.11,1.06,P >0.05 ). Conclusion Nickel -titanium instrument combined with sonic endodontic on chronic periapical periodontitis for C -shaped root canals in mandibular second molars can efficiently improve rational symptoms,enhance filling quality of root canals and reduce pain degree and complication risk,the effect is better than file hand stainless steel for canal preparation.

Antiangiogenic therapy is an essential approach in the treatment of malignant tumors along with the development of preci-sion medicine. However, the occurrence of antiangiogenic therapy-induced hypertension, which is the most common toxicity of this agent, influences its broad clinical use (in some cases). Researches on its mechanisms, prevention, and management, have been con-ducted, but clinical guidelines or expert consensuses have not been reached. In this review, we presented the epidemiology, current re-search status, and systematic management of antiangiogenic therapy-induced hypertension.

Objective IFN-? is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent immunomodulatory effects and antiviral activity. To study the mechanism of IFN-? clearing duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) in ducks, it is essential to establish a method to quantify expression of DuIFN-? in immune response. In the present study,a semi-quantitative competitive RT-PCR was developed to quantify expression of duck IFN-?(DuIFN-?) mRNA by PBMCs. Methods Based on ?-actin consensus sequence, fishing the ?-actin gene as house keeping gene from duck PBMC by RT-PCR. A competitive internal control was constructed and the competitive RT-PCR system could be used to quantify the transcription of DuIFN-? mRNA. Results After duck PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with PHA, the peak of DuIFN-? expression was at 24-36h. Then RT-PCR method was applied to detect DuIFN-? mRNA transcription by PBMCs from DHBV infected ducks immunized with DuIFN-? plasmid plus DNA vaccine or DNA vaccine alone. Results showed that expression of DuIFN-? in ducks co-immunized with DuIFN-? plasmid were higher than other groups immunized without DuIFN-? plasmid as adjuvant. Conclusions The results indicated that DuIFN-? gene could be a useful adjuvant to develop vaccines. The semi-quantitation of DuIFN-? mRNA by competitive RT-PCR provides the basis for future study of the mechanism of IFN-? in duck hepatitis B virus persistent infection.

Objective To systematically compare the effects of integrated Chinese-Western medicine(ICWM) with Western medicine alone(WM) in treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Both a computer-aided search of PubMed,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang data and an intensive search by hand were conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ICWM with WM in treating T2DM and Meta-analysis was performed.Results Ninety six studies were collected,of which 20 studies were involved.Combined OR of efficient rate was 4.26 and its 95% confidence interval(CI) was 3.42-5.32,weighted mean difference(WMD) of fasting blood glucose(FBG),triglyceride and total cholesterol were-1.16 mmol?L-1[95%CI-1.36,-0.96],-0.27 mmol?L-1 [95%CI-0.41,-0.12],-0.71 mmol?L1 [95%CI-0.98,0.44],respectively.Conclusion ICWM has a better effect in treating T2DM compared with WM alone.

Objective To provide new evidences for understanding the mechanisms of promo-tive role of orexins in anesthetic emergence and the effect of microinjection of orexin-A/orexin-B into cerebral ventricle on the release of histamine.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into sa-line (control ), orexin-A and orexin-B groups. The microdialysis probe was inserted into hypothalamus under stereotaxic apparatus.The perfused fluid from the area of hypothalamic tube-romammillary nucleus was collected using in vivo microdialysis at 1 h,2 h and 3 h after 1 nmol or 5 nmol orexin-A or orexin-B microinjection into the cerebral ventricle (n =5 each).The concentrations of histamine at each time point in dialysates of perfused fluid were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)to analyze its dynamic changes.After one week,each group was microin-jected with 10 nmol,15 nmol and 20 nmol orexin-A and orexin-B (n =5)into the cerebral ventricle respectively,dialysates was collect and histamine was detected at 1 h to analyze its dosage response. After one week,each group was microinjected 0.3 μl saline orexin-A and orexin-B (n =6)into the tu-beromammillary nucleus.Results Compared with the control group,microinjection of 1 nmol orexin-A significantly increased histamine release at 1 h,but the same dose of orexin-B had no such effect,5 nmol of orexin-A or orexin-B injections significantly facilitated histamine release at 2 h and 3 h (P <0.01).Microinjection of 10 nmol,15 nmol and 20 nmol orexin-A and orexin-B into ventricle caused an significant increase of histamine release at 1 h while the effect was the strongest in 20 nmol (P <0.05).Compared with the control group,microinjection of orexin-A significantly decreased time of the righting reflex (P <0.01),but the same dose of orexin-B had no such effect.Conclusion Micro-injection of both orexin-A or orexin-B into cerebral ventricle could promote the release of histamine, while the effect of orexin-A was stronger.Microinjection orexin-A into tuberomammillary nucleus sig-nificant facilitated recovery from isoflurane.

Objective To detect the content of(1-3)-β-D-dextran(BG)and CD4T lymphocytes in order to early diagnose invasive pulmonary fungal infection(IPFI)in AIDS patients.Methods According to the qualified lower respiratory tract fungal culture re-sults,153 patients with pulmonary infection symptoms and definitely diagnosed AIDS were divided into the positive IPFI group(63 cases)and the negative IPFI group(90 cases);then plasma BG and CD4T lymphocytes were simultaneously detected in the positive IPFI group,negative IPFI group and 50 healthy controls.The same index was performed the pairwise comparison in each group and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The mean values of BG and CD4T lymphocytes in the positive IPFI group were (56.30±15.38)pg/mL and(56±41)/μL;which in the negative IPFI group were(21.32±14.26)pg/mL and(200±53)/μL;which in the healthy control group were(2.89±1.55)pg/mL and(480±89)/μL.The pairwise comparison of BG and CD4T lymphocytes showed the statistical differences among the three groups by the t-test(P <0.01).Conclusion The combined detection of BG and CD4 lymphocyte has the value in early diagnosis of IPFI)on AIDS apparent infection.

AIM: To establish the method for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in AnshenYangxue Oral Liquid(Ramulus uncariae cum uncis, stephania kwangsiansis,Radix polygoni multiflori praeparata cum succo glycinus sotae,Caulis Polygoni multiflori and Pine needle). METHODS: Tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were determined by HPLC.Chromatographic condition was composed of Kromasil C_18 column,a mixture of methanol and water(55∶45) as mobile phase with 0.01 mol/L triehthylamine,adjusted with acetic acid to pH of 7.5,UV detection wavelength of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was set at 254 nm,UV detection wavelength of tetrahydropalmatine was set at 281 nm. RESULTS: The averagere recoveries of tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 98.47%、99.04%and 98.75% respectively;RSD were 0.95%、2.6%and 1.6%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,sensitive,accurate,and can be used for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Anshen Yangxue Oral Liquid.

Experimentalanimalsareimportantbasisforlifescienceresearchanddevelopment.Alongwiththe continuous development of science and technology , new technology and new ideas emerging , treatment and protection of animals during experiments are important condition to ensure the scientific results accurate and reliable , so scientists have paid more attention to the issues of animal welfare and protection .This article summarizes the animal treatment and protection measures during experiments based on both own work and experience and knowledge of other scientists .

To study the clinical efficacy of Pihui Fanggan Sachet (PHFGS), a sachet of traditional Chinese herbs, in preventing influenza and its immune regulation on mice.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of ellagic acid on the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) of the mice,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low,medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups (n=10).The mice in normal control group and model group were treated with 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solvent by intragastic administration,and the mice in ellagic acid groups were treated with 160,320,and 480 mg·kg-1 ellagic acid by intragastic administration,respectively.After 14 d,the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1 0.1% CCl4,while the mice in normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1plant oil.16 h later,all the mice were sacrificed and the body weights and the liver indexes of the mice were detected;the serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) were detected;the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and levels of GSH-Px,malonalde hyde(MDA) and catalase(CAT) in liver tissue of the mice were detected.Results:There were no significant differences of the body weights of the mice between each group before and after treatment(P>0.05).Compared with normal control group,the liver indexes and the levels of serum ALT and AST of the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the liver indexes of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were decreased(P<0.05);the serum levels of ALT and AST of the mice in high dose of ellagic acid group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the CAT level in liver homogenate was significantly increased (P<0.05);the levels of GSH-Px in liver homogenate of the mice in medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05);the activities of SOD in liver homogenate of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the MDA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:The ellagic acid has the protective effect on acute chemical liver injury in the mice induced by CCl4 and the most effective dose is 480 mg·kg-1;its mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidation.