Objective To establish a method for determining paraquat in the serum by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and present a quantitative index for paraquat poisoning salvage. Methods The sample was deproteinizated by 20% trichloracetic acid(TAC). 50 ?l microcell was used, the detection wavelength was 257 nm. Results The linearity was within 0.05～50 ?g/ml, r=0.999 9. The average recovery rates were 90.0%-102.4% and RSD=3.9%(n=4), the lowest detection limit was 0.01 ?g/ml. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, precise and suitable for the determination of paraquat in the serum.

Objective To investigate the pulmonary venous flow pattern (PVFP) in atrial septal defect (ASD) and mitral stenosis (MS),to analyze the differences of PVFP in each group and evaluate their clinical value. Methods The characteristics of PVFP and mitral valve flow pattern in 42 patients of ASD and 17 patients of MS were prospectively compared by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and also compared with the normal subject. Result The PVFP was significantly different between MS and ASD, including S、D、Ar、S-T (P

Neuroinflammation may be one of the causes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)can reduce the risk of AD.Laboratory evidence indicates that the protection of NSAIDs is mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX)activity and the non-COX mechanisms.This review summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms in the action.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, and its pathogenesis is very complex.As a large number of microorganisms in the human digestive tract, intestinal flora is the important environmental factor in the process of human health and disease.The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional information regulation system which connects the brain and the gastrointestinal.The intestinal microbes can participate in the brain-gut axis activity, and influence the brain function and some related behaviors under physiological and pathological conditions.Recent studies have shown that intestinal microorganisms are closely related to AD, and they interact with each other through immune, endocrine and vagal pathways to form complex networks.Many reports have shown that probiotics or traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the state of intestinal microflora and improve AD symptoms.Therefore, in order to provide a new research idea and method for the clinical prevention and treatment of AD, it is necessary to further study the interaction between intestinal microbes, traditional Chinese medicine and AD.

Objective:To observe the influence of methylprednisolone in the respiratory mechanical parameters in the elderly patients undergoing major surgeries with general anesthesia intubation after mechanical ventilation,and to investigate whether methylprednisolone can improve the respiratory system degenerative diseases and benefit the mechanical ventilation. Methods:Sixty patients undergoing elective line laparotomy were divided into experimental group and conrol group (n=30) according to their wishes.The patients in experimental group receieved intravenous injection of methylprednisolone 1 mL (40 mg) after endotracheal intubation,and the patients in control group receieved 1 mL intravenous saline water injection.The airway peak pressure (Ppeak), airway platform (Pplat), lung compliance (Compl), and airway resistance (Raw) of the patients in two groups were recorded at the time of immediately before administration and 10,20,30,40 min after administration.The arterial blood oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),arterial blood CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2),CO2 partial pressure at the end of breathe out(PetCO2) of the patients were detected at the time of immediately before administration and 20 min after administration.Results:Compared with before administration, the respiratory mechanics parameters of the patients in control group 10,20,30,40 min after administration had no statistically significant differences (P>0.05);the Comple of the patients in experimental group was singnificantly increased (P<0.05), and the Ppeak, Pplat,and Raw were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the Compl of the patients in experiment group 10,20,30,and 40 min after administration were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the Ppeak, Pplat, and Raw were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with before administration,the PaO2,PaCO2,and PetCO2 of the patients in control group 20 min after administration had no significant differences(P>0.05);the PaCO2 and PetCO2 of the patients in experimental group 20 min after administration were decreased(P<0.05),and the PaO2 was increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the PaCO2 and PetCO2 of the patients in experimental group 20 min after administration were decreased(P<0.05),and the PaO2 was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Methylprednisolone can obviously reduce PaCO2,Peak, and Pplat and increase PaO2 and Compl;methylprednisolone has possibility in improving the adverse effects of degenerative disease of respiratory system on general anesthesia in the elderly patients.

Objective To observe the effects of one kind of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE1) drugs fosinopril (FOS) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and β1- integrin( Itg-31 ) expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by lipopolysacchatide (LPS).Methods We established the cultured glomerular mesangial cells of rat in vitro and passages 3 ～ 10 of cells were used in the experiment after identification.The experiment included the following groups:Control group,LPS induced group (LPS group) and FOS intervened group.According to the different concentrations of FOS,FOS intervened group was divided into high,middle and low dose FOS groups,which were FOS1 group,FOS2 group and FOS3 group respectively.The changes of TGF-β1 protein secretion was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay; The changes of TGF-β1 and Itg-β1 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results (1) TGF-β1protein secretion in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points:They were 958.55 ± 34.67 ( ng/L),1052.05 ±48.59( ng/L),1166.06 + 35.39 (ng/L) respectively in Control group.They were 1342.12 + 39.87 ( ng/L),1432.31 + 39.33 (ng/L) and 1 537.77 + 43.79 (ng/L) respectively in LPS group,which were higher significantly than those in Control group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).They were 779.58 ± 48.64 ( ng/L),878.33 ± 29.50 (ng/L) and 962.57 ±31.94( ng/L) in FOS1 group,989.311±73.56(ng/L),1073.29±66.89(ng/L) and 1210.75 ±61.68(ng/L) in FOS2 group,1 253.78 ±45.32( ng/L),1 348.18 ±45.81 (ng/L) and 1450.06 ±46.24( ng/L) in FOS3 group respectively,which were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group (all P＜O.01).(2)TGF-β1 mRNA expressions in rat GMC at6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.( 3 ) Itg-β1 mRNA expressiones in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.Itg-β1 expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of TGF-β1 secretion and mRNA expression.FOS can inhibit the TGF-β1 secrection and mRNA expession in GMC as dose-dependent manner,at the same time down regulated the Itg-β1 mRNA expression iuduced by LPS.All above supply the theoretical evidence for the renal protection of FOS by non-hemodynamics mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome on the blood lipid level of neonate. Methods Eighty neonates, whose mother had PIH, were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the 6th version of diagnostic standard from published Obstetrics and Gynecology:gestational hypertension group (PIH group 1 ,n = 30) ,mild pre-eclampsia group (PIH group 2,n =30),serious pre-eclampsia group (PIH group 3,n =20) ,and 40 infants with healthy mother were enrolled as normal control group. The blood lipid was measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results (1) The TG levels of the cord blood were (0.28±0. 10)mmol/L in PIH group 1,(0.33 ±0.09)mmol/L in PIH group 2,(0.39 ±0.06) mmol/L in PIH group 3,and (0. 23 ±0. 07)mmol/L in normal control respectively. TG levels were significantly higher in PIH groups compared to normal control,and the TG concentration increased gradually with the mothers' gestational hypertension (F = 2. 765, Ps <0. 05). (2)The HDL-C levels of the cord blood were (0. 61 ±0. 23) mmol/L in PIH group 1, (0. 54 ± 0. 25) mmol/L in PIH group 2, (0.47 ± 0. 15) mmol/L in PIH group 3, (0. 65 ±0. 14) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively;and the ApoA levels of the cord blood were (0. 63 ±0.24)g/L in PIH group 1 ,(0. 59 ±0. 16)g/L in PIH group 2, (0.53 ±0.21)g/L in PIH group 3,(0.69 ±0. 12)g/L in the normal contral respectively. Both index were significantly higher in PIH groups compared to normal control, and the concentrations decreased gradually with the mothers' gestational hypertension (F=2.783,P<0.05;F=2.831,P<0.05). (3)The TC levels of the cord blood were (1.41 ± 0. 37) mmol/L in PIH group 1, (1. 51 ±0.45) mmol/L in PIH group 2, (1. 56 ±0. 56) mmol/L in PIH group3, (1. 36 ±0.41) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively;and the LDL-C levels of the cord blood were (0. 79 ±0. 26)mmol/L in PIH group 1,(0. 80 ±0. 18)mmol/L in PIH group 2,(0. 82 ±0. 30)mmol/L in PIH group 3,(0.74 ±0. 18) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively. The data showed that the cord blood TC and LDL-C levels of PIH were higher than normal control and increased gradually with the mothers'gestational hypertension, but they didn' treach the significant level (F = 0. 695,P>0. 05;F = 0. 483,P>0. 05). (4)The LPA levels of the cord blood were (24. 50 ± 12. 01) g/L in PIH group 2, (22. 68 ± 9. 50) g/L PIH group 3,which were lower than normal control (25.70 ±11.90) g/L, and the LPA levels of the cord blood were higher in PIH group 1(33.46 ± 20. 10)g/L,while the differences didn't reach significant level compared among four groups (F = 1.480,P> 0.05). Conclusion The unhealthy intrauterus condition of PIH lead abmoral fat metabolism in fetus, and itmight get worse along with the severity of the mother's gestational hypertension. We presumed that the neonates of PIH mothers would be more prone to have coronary heart disease,atherosclerosis and abnormal fat metabolism related disease compared with newboms from normal control group.

AIM: To study the changes of iNOS mRNA ,protein and the production of nitric oxide(NO) as well as whether puerarin regulates the expression of iNOS mRNA during the formation of diabetic rat cataract. METHODS: One hundred and eight Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, thirty-six rats were taken as control group, seventy two rats were injected peritoneally with streptozotocin(STZ,45mg/kg) to establish animal model of diabetic cataract, and then divided into STZ (36) and puerarin(36) treatment groups. Morphologic changes of lens were observered with slit lamp and light microscope; Samples were taken at 20th, 40th, 60th day and the changes in iNOS mRNA and protein expression of lens epithelium cells(LEC)as well as production of NO and NOS activity were determined with reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), western blot, and biochemical method ,respectively. RESULTS: Morphologyic changes of LEC, up-regulation of iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein as well as increase in NO production and NOS activity in the LEC were observered during the formation of rat diabetic cataract. Compared with TZ group, puerarin treatment group showed distinctly down-regulation of iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein and decrease in NO production and NOS activity as well as attenuation of morphologic changes. CONCLUSIONS: There are morphologic changes of LEC and up-regulation of iNOS mRNA and as well as increase in NO production and NOS activity in the LEC during the formation of diabetic rat cataract , and treatment with puerarin can reverse the above changes.

BACKGROUND:As propofol has a neuroprotective effect, and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s have a high differentiation potential, their combination wil have a better therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of propofol pretreatment combined with umbilical blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS:Sixty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into model, propofol, and combined group (n=21 per group). Rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were made using ligation of the middle cerebral artery occlusion in the three groups. Rats in the combined group were given 100 mg/kg propofol injection at 1 day before injury and injection of umbilical blood mesenchymal stem cel s via the tail vein (0.5 mL, 2×109/L). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the neurological function was improved significantly in the propofol and combined group, especial y in the latter one, presenting with a remarkable mitigation in brain injury and an increased level of survivn mRNA in the rat hippocampus. The content of serum malondialdehyde was lower but the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher in the combined group compared with the propofol group. These findings indicate that propofol pretreatment combined with umbilical blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation has better therapeutic effects than propofol pretreamtnet alone for improving cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective:To explore the value of lactic acid (Lac), procalcitonin (PCT), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score in assessing the severity and predicting the prognosis in sepsis shock.Methods:A retrospectively study was conducted. Patients with septic shock hospitalized in the department of critical care medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April 2015 to June 2019 were enrrolled. The patient's gender, age, body mass index (BMI), infection site, organ dysfunction status; Lac, PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), heart rate and body temperature immediately after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU); APACHEⅡ and SOFA scores within 24 hours, and 28-day prognosis were collected. According to the 28-day prognosis, the patients with septic shock were divided into the survival group and the death group, and the differences in the indicators between the groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of 28-day death in patients with septic shock; receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the value of Lac, PCT, SOFA, APACHEⅡ, and age in predicting the 28-day prognosis of patients with septic shock.Results:A total of 303 septic shock patients were enrolled, of which 124 cases survived and 179 died on the 28th day, and the 28-day mortality was 59.08%. ① Compared with the survival group, patients in the death group were older (years old: 66.58±15.22 vs. 61.15±15.68), APACHEⅡ, SOFA, proportion of lung infections, Lac increased [APACHEⅡ score: 22.79±7.62 vs. 17.98±6.88, SOFA score: 9.42±3.51 vs. 5.65±1.59, proportion of lung infections: 53.63% (96/179) vs. 39.52% (49/124), Lac (mmol/L): 5.10±3.72 vs. 3.71±2.56], oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) and ICU body temperature decreased [PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 198.94±80.15 vs. 220.68±72.06, ICU body temperature (℃): 37.47±1.08 vs. 37.80±1.14], and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05).②Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results: after adjusted for potential confounding factors, APACHEⅡ, PCT, Lac, age and SOFA were independent risk factors for death in patients with septic shock [APACHEⅡ: odds ratio ( OR) =1.05, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.01-1.10, P = 0.039; PCT: OR = 0.99, 95% CI was 0.98-1.00, P =0.012; Lac: OR = 1.23, 95% CI was 1.08-1.40, P = 0.002; age: OR = 1.03, 95% CI was 1.01-1.05, P =0.009; SOFA score: OR =1.88, 95% CI was 1.59-2.22, P < 0.001]. ③ROC curve analysis showed that APACHEⅡ, Lac, age and SOFA could predict the prognosis of patients with septic shock [APACHEⅡ: the area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.682 4, 95% CI was 0.621 7-0.743 1, P = 0.000; when the best cut-off value was 18.500, its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 72.63%, 54.84%, 69.89%, 58.12%, 1.608 1 and 0.499 2, respectively. Lac: AUC = 0.604 5, 95% CI was 0.540 8-0.668 2, P = 0.002; when the best cut-off value was 3.550 mmol/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 50.84%, 73.39%, 73.39%, 50.94%, 1.910 3 and 0.669 9, respectively. Age: AUC = 0.599 1, 95% CI was 0.535 4-0.662 7, P = 0.003; when the best cut-off value was 72.500 years old, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 42.46%, 75.00%, 71.03%, 47.45%, 1.698 3 and 0.767 2, respectively. SOFA: AUC =0.822 3, 95% CI was 0.776 7-0.867 9, P = 0.000; when the best cut-off value was 7.500, its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 68.72%, 87.90%, 89.13%, 66.06%, 5.680 4, 0.355 9 respectively]. The combined prediction had a good sensitivity (72.63%) and specificity (84.86%), and AUC (0.876 5) was higher than that of a single variable, suggested that the multivariate combination was more accurate in predicting the short-term outcome of septic shock. Conclusion:Lac, PCT, SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score and age were independent risk factors for death in patients with septic shock, and the accuracy of Lac, SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score and age in predicting short-term prognosis of septic shock was better than that of single variable, and the diagnostic value was higher.