Aqueous humor is the product of the ciliary body. It provides nutrition for the iris, cornea, lens, and trabecular meshwork. Compared to the blood, the aqueous humor can better reflect the intraocular environment. Therefore, the detection of cytokines in the aqueous humor has become one of the hot topics in ophthalmology in recent years. Altered cytokine levels in the aqueous humor have been observed in many ocular diseases, including glaucoma. Some investigators hypothesized that cytokines in the aqueous humor are associated with the pathophysiology of glaucoma, and even affect the prognosis of glaucoma filtering surgery. In this paper, the changes of several cytokines in the aqueous humor of glaucoma eyes were summarized, and the relationship between them was analyzed.

Glaucomais a group of diseases characterized by optic atrophy and visual field defect.In China,primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is the most common type of glaucoma.The mechanism of glaucoma has many theories,such as mechanical theory and vascular theory.Recent researches found that inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.A variety of proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in aqueous humor of patients with PACG.In this study,we summarized the methods for the detection of aqueous humor,and analyzed the mechanism of the increasing of proinflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with PACG.

Objective To investigate the changes of CRP in diagnosis of the acute exacerbation of COPD and its significance.Method CRP and WBC were measured both when the patients just before and after the treatment with effective antibiotics to compare their change.Results The positive rate of CRP is 85.40%.and the difference Was obvious(P＜0.01).At the same time,the CRP's difference between before and after the use of antibiotics was also obvious(P＜0.01).Conclusion CRP is a sensitive and specific index to the acute exacerbation of COPD,and is helpful to discover this acute disease early as well as a good guide to estimate the serious of pneumonia sand to respond the efficacy of antibiotics.

Objective To explore the efficacy of zolpidem in improvement of sleep quality of patients received methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods 80 cases of MMT with insomnia were randomly divided into the study group (administered with zolpidem)and the control group (administered with placebo), 40 cases in each group.Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)and treatment emergent symptoms scale (TESS)were assessed before treatment and at the weekend of 4th,8th after treatment.Results The scores of PSQI in the study group were much lower than those in the control group (t =-2.517,P =0.014;t =-3.611,P =0.000),while the effective rate in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 =4.949,P =0.026). Conclusion Zolpidem could improve the sleep quality of patients with MMT.

This article briefly introduces how to rationally use antibiotics in patients with strokeassociated pneumonia from the aspects of etiology,disease,and antibiotic use.A great importance should be attached early to the standard pathologic examination,and the initial empiric treatment should be timely and adequate.The complex preparation of broad-spectrum penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor is generally recommended,on this basis,the etiological examination results should be sought actively.Selecting the highly targeted or sensitive antibiotics improve the efficacy and reduce adverse reactions.

Paracetamol overdose is the most common cause of drug-related poisoning and death worldwide. Although N-acetylcysteine is the widely accepted antidote for paracetamol poisoning, much debate persist regarding the appropriate route and duration of early N-acetylcysteine therapy. There is a paucity of studies comparing the effectiveness of oral and intravenous (IV) acetylcysteine for paracetamol poisoning. Methods: A literature search was performed using the keywords [paracetamol OR acetaminophen] AND [acetylcysteine OR n-acetylcysteine] on the PubMed and Ovid database. The literature search was limited to human exposure studies published in English between 1-Jan-1966 and 1-May-2015. The proportion of patients who developed hepatotoxicity (defined as serum transaminase greater than 1000 IU/L) for each route of administration was determined using multiple regression and the studies were further stratified by early (less than 10 hours from ingestion) and late treatment (longer than 10 hours from ingestion). Results: 3,981 full studies were reviewed for data. Studies with fewer than 20 subjects were excluded. Metaanalysis revealed that the overall proportion of patients who developed hepatotoxicity was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6% to 17.2%). The percentages were similar when studies were stratified by route of administration; the proportion for IV treated patients was 12.6% (95% CI: 8.7% to 19.4%) while the proportion for oral treated patients was 12.0% (95% CI: 8.2% to 18.8%). However, there was a marked difference in the percentage of patients who developed hepatotoxicity with early as compared to late N-acetylcysteine treatment. There was a statistically significant effect due to time (p < 0.001) but no significant effect due to route of administration (p = 0.716). Conclusion: Pooled analysis of studies did not find any significant difference in outcome between oral and IV N-acetylcysteine therapy, but these findings require confirmation by randomized controlled trials. However, overall hepatotoxicity was significantly worse if treatment was delayed beyond 8 to 10 hours. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 17 (2): July – December 2016: XX XX.

AIM: To observe the effect of tranilast on experimental COPD rats in terms of airway remodeling. METHODS: Forty eight SD rats were divided into two groups in random: untreated model group, tranilast-treated group. Another eight rats were selected as control group. The COPD rat model was established by passive smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then treated with sterile saline or tranilast (400 mg?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 ) respectively. Eight rats in each group were killed in 7th, 14th, 28th day after the beginning of proceeding. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and the total and differential cells were counted. The distribution and the ratio of type I to type III collagen in the lung tissue were determined using a sirius red polarizing microscopy morphometry method. Lung tissues were observed by hemotoxylin and eosin stain, then the image analysis were made. RESULTS: The total cells and the AM ratio in BALF of tranilast-treated group significantly decreased in comparison with those in model group (P

ObjectiveTo study the diagnostic method of microcirculation disturbance of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods81 patients with CHB and 5 normal volunteer were observed.Hypoxia-induciable factor was detected by immunohistochemistry stain,TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α were detected by chemiluminescence and HA was detected by RIA,ultrastructure of liver was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).ResultsAccompany with the pathological changes of liver in patients with CHB,the strength and range of expression of HIF-1 α enhanced,HA and TXB2 of serum rised gradually( all P ＜ 0.05 ),but 6-Keto-PGF1α of blood plasma fell- off.The electron microscope showed that erythrocyte aggregation,stenosis and blockage of sinus hepaticus turned obviously,collagen fibers deposition and basal membrane formation aggravated gradually.ConclusionAssociated detec tion with HIF-1 α、HA 、TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 α can reflect the condition of microcirculation of liver perfectly.

Objective To investigate the change of serum resistin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).MethodsPolysomnography(PSG)was performed in 58 patients with OSAHS and in 26 controls without differences in age and BMI.Serum resistin levels were measured by ELISA.Results(1)Serum resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with OSAHS than those in control group.(2)FPG levels were significantly higher in patients with OSAHS than those in control group.(3)TG levels were significantly higher in patients with OSAHS than those in control group.(4)Serum resistin levels were correlated positively with FPG in obesity patients with OSAHS、nonobesity patients with OSAHS and nonbesity controls group.(5)Serum resistin levels were correlated positively with TG in obesity patients with OSAHS、nonobesity patients with OSAHS and nonbesity controls group.(6)Serum resistin levels were correlated positively with BMI in OSAHS.(7)Serum resistin levels were correlated negatively with LSaO2 in OSAHS.(8)Serum resistin levels were correlated positively with AHI in OSAHS.ConclusionDetermination of serum resistin levels may be the predictors of the severity of OSAHS and it also contributes a lot taking measures to prevent and control the OSAHS complication occurrence and reduce the mortality.

BACKGROUND:Anti-rotation intramedulary nail fixation for proximal femoral fractures replaces the femoral bearing axis, moves towards body axis relative to hip screw and dynamic ankle screw, enhances the anti-fatigue strength at the fracture site, supports the anti-varus and prevents the rotation of the proximal fracture site, and is suitable for the treatment of unstable fracture. OBJECTIVE:To comparatively observe the effects of dynamic hip screw knife system and minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail in the repair of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: A total of 82 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures, who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics, First People’s Hospital of Shunde from January 2012 to January 2014, were selected in this study. The patients were equaly and randomly divided into two groups: dynamic hip screw knife system group and minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail group. Repair index, fracture healing time and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Healing time and repair index were significantly better in the minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail group than in the dynamic hip screw knife system group (P < 0.05). Complications appeared in five patients from the minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail group, with the incidence rate of 12%, and in ten patients from the dynamic hip screw knife system group, with the incidence rate of 24%. The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail group than in the dynamic hip screw knife system group (P < 0.05). These data suggest that for patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture, minimaly invasive spiral blade anti-rotation intramedulary nail can decrease the incidence of complications, elevate the safety of the repair method, and promote the functional recovery.