Objective According to the different characteristics of older vessels to assess the elderly during intravenous infusion may be risk factors,ways of improving the success rate of the elderly vein,to ensure the quality of the method of infusion to alleviate pain. Methods Office came intravenous infusion of 205 elderly patients were randomly divided into 2 groups,observation group,105 cases,100 cases of the experimental group.The observation group using conventional methods of vein puncture,infusion process routinely inspected once a half hour; experiment groups according to blood vessels in patients with actual conditions,adopt "to find the optimal blood vessels,slow puncture,easy belt,inform and strengthen the inspection" approach,comparing two puncture and nursing methods affect the success rate of intravenous infusion. Results Intravenous infusion of quality control group(x2=8.14,P ＜0.05＝. Conclusion The experimental group was "looking for the best blood vessels,slow puncture easily with,inform and strengthen the inspections" can improve the quality of care the elderly intravenous infusion.

During the past few years, it was found that hemophiliacs suffered from AIDS increasingly from year to year. The first case of hemophilia with AIDS was found in the fourth quater of 1981. Eight cases of hemophilia occurred in 1982, and 12 cases of AIDS were found in the hemophiliacs in 1983. The goal of this paper was to test the titer of CMV, EBV, HTLV and EA in the blood stream of hemophiliacs. Hemophiliacs had much higher sensitivity to CMV and EBV than the healthy control. There was a significant difference between these hemophiliacs without any symptoms of AIDS and healthy man. The relationship between hemophilia and AIDS and the cause that the hemophiliac suffers from AIDS are discussed.

Objective To investigate the expression of COX-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and P-g]ycoprotein in carcinoma of stomach and its significance. Method The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and P-glycoprotein inside and beside the tumor tissues of 57 cases carcinoma of stomach were detected with immunohistochemistry method. Result The expressions of COX-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and P-glyeoprotein inside the tumor tissues were significantly higher than that beside the tumor(χ2 = 5.29,5.37,5.62,4.87 ; P < 0.05). The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and MMP-2 were different among different carcinoma metastasis (χ2 = 5.97, 6.17,6.09 ; P < 0.05). P-glucoprotein expressions were positive correlated with gastric cancer(rs' = 0.674,0.65,0.67 ; P < 0.05). Conclusion COX-2, VGEF, MMP-2 and P-glyeopretein were some correlated and overexpressed in stomach carcinoma, which may take part in the genesis, development and multi-drug resistance of this cancer.

Post-traumatic cerebral infarction(PTCI)is a known severe complication of craniocerebral trauma. It often aggravates the disease of patients and increases mortality. The incidence of PTCI varies from 1.9%to 23%.In recent years. the incidence of PTCI has increased slightly with the continuous advancement of checkup means and awareness. Howeuer. because of the simultaneous existence of primary brain injury and various secondary brain damage, the early diagnosis and treatment of PTCI are difficult .This article reviews the clinical types, onset time, causes, clinical risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of PTCI.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of the content of paeoniflorin in in Anwei Granules.Methods With Phonomenex C18,150mm?4.60mm,5micron,acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(15∶85∶0.2)was used as the mobile phase,The flow rate was 1.0ml/min.The detection wavelength was 230nm.Results The linearity was obtained from 2.52-20.14 ?g(r=0.9990).The average recovery was 99.17 % with RSD=0.91%(n=6).Conclusions The method is sensitive,simple,specific and accurate for determination of astragaloside in Tangshenkang Granules.

ObjectiveTo analyze the factors related to the operation treatment effectiveness of lumber intervertebral discprolapse.MethodsThe data of 442 patients with lumber intervertebral discprolapse and treated by operation were analyzed retrospectively.Results442 patients had results of excellent in 319 cases (70.3%), good in 89 cases (20.2%), fair in 27 cases (6%), and poor in 7 cases (3.5%), the rate of re-operation was 2.9% (13 cases).ConclusionThe operation treatment of lumber intervertebral discprolapse must be performed after having precise diagnosis, surgical operation adaptation and suitable operation methods and enhancing nursing and recovery should be taken after operation in order to get a satisfactory effectiveness.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE:To provide references and suggestions for building and improving the R&D incentive policies for or-phan drugs in China. METHODS:The R&D incentive policies for orphan drugs in USA and the EU were compared in aspects of its legislative history,incentive measures and effects. And suggestions for improving related policies in China were put forward. RE-SULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The R&D incentive policies for orphan drugs in USA and the EU respectively started from Orphan Drug Act in USA(1983)and Orphan Drug Management Specification in the EU(1999),then formed relatively complete system by continuous improvement. The USA and the EU showed differences in its certification standard,procedure and specific incentives [R&D funding,tax deduction,fee reduction,additional incentives for micro and small and medium enterprises (SMEs),market exclusivity and special approval procedure],etc. In terms of fee reduction,for example,prescription application fee,production cost and drug confirmation fee were exempted in USA,while arrangement assist fee,initial and follow-up fee,checking fee before approval,initial listing type were reduced to a certain percentage in the EU. After developing incentive policies for orphan drugs, there is great increase in numbers of recognized qualifications and listing,SMEs have become new force in orphan drug R&D, R&D investment covers all types of diseases,orphan drug R&D are becoming the main direction of drug innovation and biotechnol-ogy development. China should determine the relevant legislation of R&D incentives for orphan drugs as soon as possible,set certi-fication and improve specific measures of R&D incentives for orphan drugs from multiple aspects,while strengthen the cooperation with other countries in qualification and R&D incentives.

Objective To investigate the potential factors which have impact on the working space for surgeons in gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to probe into the specifications of gasless surgeries.Methods Clinical data of 49 cases of gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy between March 2007 and July 2010 were summarized.The impacts of body mass index,bowel preparation and means of anesthesia on operation time and conversion to laparotomy were analyzed.Results For patients with body mass index ≤25and ＞ 25,operation times were (43.0 ± 5.4) min,and (52.8 ± 7.4 ) min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 0/34 and 4/15,respectively.Both indices in the first group were higher.For patients with and without bowel preparation,operation times were (44.5 ± 5.4) min and (46.1 ± 8.0)min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 2/26 and 2/23,respectively.For patients with epidural anesthesia and lumbar/epidural anesthesia,operation times were (46.5 ± 7.9) min and (44.1 ±6.8) min,respectively,and rates of conversion to laparotomy were 2/24 and 2/25,respectively.Conclusions The operation time of gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy could be affected by many factors,such as body mass index.Gasless operations can be improved by evaluating the conditions of patients correctly and by selecting suitable operation methods,anesthesia means and bowel preparation.

Differences are existed in two textbooks of doctor-patient communication between China and foreign countries concerning perspectives of doctor-patient communication,teaching goals and applicable scope based on the consensus on importance of doctor-patient communication and education training.Contents in textbooks of china emphasize the logic of discipline while that of foreign countries pay attention to the logic of clinical treatment.The advantages of textbooks of China are having strong theoretical basis and ample contents while those of foreign text books are practicability and effectiveness.Some suggestions which to benefit the textbook development of Chinese doctor-patient communication has been offered:textbooks of doctor-patient communication in our country should be separated from those of nursing communication; advantages and experiences of foreign textbooks should be drew from; in-depth development of doctor-patient communication theory research and education reform should be conducted; diversification of teaching materials of doctor-patient communication should be gradually perfected ; teaching quality of doctor-patient communication should be improved.