Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor with increasing incidence worldwid.Most of patients with HCC are diagnosed at a late stage.Threrfore,the prognosis of HCC patients is generally poor with a 5-year survival rate of 20% if withoutoperration. Screening strategies including α-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound every 6 months in patients with liver cirrhosis,the major risk factor for HCC development, have been recommended to detect HCC at earlier stages amenable to effective treatment strateges.AFP, however,is a marker with poor sensitivity and specificity and the ultrasound is highly dependent on the operator's experience.Apart from AFP, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP and des-gamma carbexyprothrombin and several other biomarkers(e.g., glypican-3,human hepatocyte growth factor,and insulin-like growth factor) have been proposed as markers for HCC detection.In addition,with recently employed techniques,such as gene-expressing microarrays and proteomics,it is to be expected that new HCC-specific markers will become available in the near future.For all such proposed markers,however,the clinical usefulness has to be carefully evaluated and validated.

The opening rate, information update and menu of official WeChat in 11 Hangzhou municipal public hospitals were analyzed in order to understand their running, which showed that of the 11 public hospitals that opened their official WeChat,36. 36% opened their service account and 63. 64% opened their subscription ac-count. The information update frequency of WeChat varied and the online service function needed to be further deepened. Suggestions were put forward for the WeChat running in hospitals, such as normalizing its information push, deepening its online service, diversifying its communication between physicians and patients, and intensifying its popularization.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Staging ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective:We try to examine the hypothesis that perceptual reversal is function of frontoparietal cortex. Methods:We employed block design in functional MRI, extracted event signal of endogenous reversal of Necker cube and compared with that of exogenous reversal. Results:Functional MRI revealed that spatial varieties were significant in bilateral superior and middle frontal lobe. Conclusion:Perceptual reversal may be the function of frontal cortex.

The latest advances on target therapies of cancer were presented on the 44th Annual Meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)in 2008.One of the most important results was the outstanding efficacy of Cetuximab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer fIncao patients with k-ras"wild-type".Besides,detection of k-ras statuswouldmakeitpossibleforthetailoredtargettherapy of mCRC.Itwasestimatedthat k-ras gene status would become a predictive molecular marker for Cetuximab treatment in mCRC.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xinnaoxuemianning combined with statins on carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods 180 cerebral infarction patients were divided into the observation group (90cases) and the control group (90cases) by random number table method. The control group was given atorvastatin calcium tablets and the observation group was given additionally Xinnaoxuemianning. The changes and prognosis of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated before and after treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions was counted. Results There were no differences in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque, TCM syndrome score and neurological deficit severity between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the above indexes were significantly improved, and the increasing degree of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The incidence rate of adverse reactions was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (5.56％ vs.13.33％) (P<0.05). Conclusion Xinnaoxuemianning can reduce the carotid atherosclerotic plaque area and correct the unstable plaques in patients with cerebral infarction.

AIM: To quantitatively detect the expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) genes in the retina of normal rat in order to determine the expression difference of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in retina.METHODS: The total RNA was isolated from which the first strand of cDNA was prepared. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were detected quantitatively by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: The mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were 0.0008±0.0003 and 0.0378±0.009, respectively. Expression of TGF-β2 was obviously higher than that of TGF-β1 in rat retina with statistical significance (t=12.37, P<0.001). The ratio of TGF-β2/TG-β1 was 55.00±26.61.CONCLUSION: QRT-PCR could specifically and accurately detect gene expression level in rat retina. In retina the TGF-β2 gene was expressed more abundantly than TGF-β1. It is suggested that TGF-β2 play an important role in retina diseases.

AIM: To quantitatively investigate transforming growth factor-β type Ⅰ receptor (TβRⅠ) and transforming growth factor-β type Ⅱ receptor (TβRⅡ) gene expressions in rat retina.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen in this research. Gene expression was detected quantitatively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of TβRⅠ and TβRⅡ were 0.00034±0.00013 and 0.0001±0.00005, respectively. The expression level of TβRⅠ was obviously higher than that of TβRⅡ in the rat retina with statistical significance (P<0.01). The ratio of TβRⅠ/TβRⅡ was 3.9±1.7.CONCLUSION: Real time quantitative RT-PCR is an effective method to detect differential expression genes in retina. The change of TβRⅠ/TβRⅡ expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy, which could be further investigated in its significance in the development of proliferation retinopathy.

AIM: To detect the gene expression of TGF-β2 in retinas of diabetic rats at different stages, to observe and analyze the effect of TGF-β2 on the retinas of diabetic rats, to explore the role of TGF-β2 in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to provide experiment data and experience for further clinic studies.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used and retinas were dissected. The total RNA was isolated from which the first strand of cDNA was prepared. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and the rats were held without insulin treatment until sacrifice. Besides, agematched rats treated with saline were used as controls. Tail vein blood glucose was measured after 2 days and rats were considered hyperglycemic if blood glucose reading>16.7mmol/L. Animals with blood glucose level<16.7mmol/L were excluded from the study. The rats were killed at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th and 24th week respectively after hyperglycemic models were established. The retinas were separated and preserved in liquid nitrogen. The expressions of TGF-β2 gene mRNA were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The RNA of rat retina was integrative enough to be used to further carry out PCR analysis. Compared with control groups, the expression of TGF-β2 mRNA in retinas of diabetic rats was up-regulated at the 4th week, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05); it was down-regulated at the 8th week, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05); it was also down-regulated at the 12th week, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05); at the 16th week there was no statistical difference (P>0.05); it was up-regulated at the 20th week, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05); it continued to be up-regulated at the 24th week, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Since the expression of TGF-β2 mRNA in retinas of diabetic rats was down-regulated at the 8th week and 12th week statistically, up-regulated at the 24th week statistically, it has obviously shown that TGF-β2 was down-and up-regulated through the period of DR. That is, its changes are diphasic with time. It may confirm that TGF-β2, with the characteristic of diphasic regulation, played an important role in DR. It is necessary to study it furthermore.

Objective To review the pathogenesis and research prospects in AA.[Methods] In this paper, we summarize the imbalance mechanism of Th1/Th2, and the relationship of fol icular helper T cells(Tfh),Thl7, Th9 ,Th22 with aplastic anemia. [Results]The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells leads to bone marrow failure. Immunosuppressive therapy can inhibit Th1 cell, restore the balance. The pathogenesis of Tfh, Thl7, Th9 and Th22 is closely correlated with AA. [Conclusion] AA pathogenesis is complex, CD4+cellsubsets is related to the occurrence and development of AA. Detect the levels of immune cells in the serum of patients is beneficial for diagnosis and treatment of AA.