With the low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) widely applied in screening for early-stage lung cancers recently, positive rates of Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO) are gradually increased. Many professional researchers believe GGO has a close relationship with the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, consequently, qualitative diagnosis and early treatment of GGO plays a signiifcant role in improving the diagnostic and survival rates of patients with early-stage lung cancer. Since relative imaging diagnosis, location methods and surgical approaches of GGO have been reported a lot by domestic and overseas researchers, our reviews would mainly focus on the diverse research progress of molecular biology of GGO in the past several years.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Vaccination

Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; virology

Objective:To explore the establishment of an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA),and elaborate the role of iNOS inhibitor in the smooth muscle apoptosis of abdominal aortio aneurysm in rats,to find a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of small drugs AAA.Methods:SD rats underwent intra-aortic elastase (25U/mL) perfusion to induce AAAs,the positive control group (30) and experiment group (30) use elastase perfusion while the negative control group(30) gives the saline perfusion.After operation the positive and negative control groups were treated with intraperitoneal injections of saline,experimental group injects the iNOS inhibitor Aminoguanidi hydrochloride;Postoperative second,7,and 14 days,The NO content in the serum and specimen of abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected by iNOS Immuno histochemistry and Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling (TUNEL) to evaluate distribution of smooth muscle apoptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.Results:Underwent intra-aortic elastase perfusion to induce AAAs have a high-success-rate.Rate of AAA formation in positive control group 10％,60％,80％,respectively.The treatment group was 0％,10％,20％,and the negative control group was not formed.The treatment group and the negative control group were lower than the positive control group,there were significant differences.In the positive control group,NO content increased gradually from second days,7 days to reach the peak and maintained at a higher level,the treatment group serum NO content was lower than the other two groups,there was significant difference (P＜0.05),iNOS was strong expression in the positive control group,in the other two groups of mild expression.TUNEL results showed that a lot of apoptotic cells in the positive control group,after 7 days showed a significant increase trend,to observe the end (2 weeks) gradually increased.,The positive control group was higher than the negative control group and the negative control group,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion:iNOS inhibitors significantly decreased the content of NO in serum,reduced the apoptosis of smooth muscle cells,and inhibited the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm.To provide theoretical basis for clinical application of iNOS inhibitors in the treatment and control of AAA.

Apoptosis is an organized suicide program which is evolutionally conserved from yeast to mammals. Research on yeast apoptosis has made rapid progress, though it remained unrecognized until recent years. Initial observations show that yeast can be induced to undergo apoptosis and a number of conserved pro- and antiapoptotic proteins have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast has been validated as a model organism to investigate mechanisms of apoptosis. Recently, yeast has also been used as a model to study apoptosis-related disease, such as Huntington's disease and Parkinson′s disease. The feasibility, the advantages and the perspectives of yeast model for apoptosis research are reviewed.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of osteopontin (OPN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its pathogenic role in SLE by studying the correlation between OPN and clinical manifestations,laboratory parameters and disease activity.Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the level of OPN in serum of 68 SLE patients and 20 healthy controls.the clin-ical data and laboratory parameters were recorded.Results The positive rate of OPN was 79.41%in 68 SLEpatients and could not be detected in healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls.the positive rate and level of OPN in SLE patients was significantly higher(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in age.gender and disease duration between OPN positive and negative lupus patients(P＞0.05).The Drevalence of fever,hair loss,WBC decrease,liver damage,serum C4 decrease,proteinuria and anti-dsDNA antibody in OPN positive SLE were significantly higher than those of OPN negative SLE(P＜0.05).The positive rate of serum OPN in SLE patients was significantly higher than that of anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody (P＜0.01).The level of plasma OPN was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)(r=0.292,P＜0.05).The positive rate and level of OPN in active SLE patients was significantly higher than that of inactive SLE patients(P＜O.05).Conclusion The level of plasma OPN has a close rela-tionship with the activity of SLE.It may serve as an active disease marker of SLE.

Objective To evaluate endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative staging of gastric carcinoma,and to study the molecular biologic basis of its ultrasonic manifestation.Methods Sev-enty-four patients with gastric carcinoma were referred to EUS and staged preoperatively.The staging esults of EUS were compared with the histopathological staging and the expression of PTEN.Results The verall accuracy rate of EUS for determination of T staging was 82.4%(61/74),for T1,T2,T3 and T4 were 100.0%,72.7％,85.O％ and 78.9％,respectively.For N staging,EUS had the overall accuracy rate of 74.3%(55/74),with sensitivity and specificity of 80.8％ and 59.1％,respectively.The preoperative EUS for T and N staging of gastric carcinoma was of inverse correlation with the expression of PTEN.Conclusions EUS is an accurate staging modality in determining carcinoma invasive depth and lymph node involved,with a few exceptions of overstaging and understaging.However,EUS criteria to differentiate benign from malignant nodes still need to be further defined by future studies.The preoperative EUS for T and N staging could well display the molecular pathologic basis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the application value of circulating tumor cell ( CTC ) in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule ( SPN ) . Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 134 patients with solitary pulmonary nodule in Shanghai Chest Hospital from September 2013 to January 2015, including 80 patients with malignant nodule and 54 with benign nodule.CTC levels of the above subjects were detected by ligand-targeted polymerase chain reaction ( LT-PCR ) assay, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA ) and cytokeratin 19 fragment ( CYFRA21-1 ) were detected by flow fluorescence assay.Results By Mann-Whitney U Test, the CTC levels of malignant SPN patients [11.06 (8.77-14.41)units/3 ml] were significantly higher than those of benign SPN patients [6.65(4.49 -7.84)units/3 ml] (Z=-6.217,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of SPN for CTC were 80%(64/80) and 85%(46/54) respectively.According to the diameter of SPN, the patients were divided into three groups to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTC in SPN with different size .For SPN with diameter less than 8 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 6/9 and 4/5 respectively .For SPN with diameter between 8 mm and 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 83%(35/42) and 85%(29/34).For SPN with diameter greater than 20 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC were 79%(23/29) and 13/15.Conclusion Comparing with the traditional tumor markers, CTC could provide more clinical value in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule .

Objective To compare the inhibitory effect of fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant on enamel demineralization in vitro.Methods Thirty noncarious human third molars extracted were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each.Cavity was placed on buccal surfaces of the molars,then filled with fluoride-releasing resin sealant(ClinproTMsealant),glass ionomer sealant(Fuji Ⅸ GP)or non-fluoride-releasing resin sealant(Concise).After thermocycling for 300 cycles,the surface microhardness of sound enamel 1 mm away from sealant-filled cavities in each group was measured.Then after the treated molars were placed in an artificial demineralizing solution for a week,their surface microhardness was detected again.Results The mean reduction of surface microhardness was(87.30?23.84)HV for ClinproTM sealant group,(76.90?27.75)HV for Fuji Ⅸ GP group and(147.67?46.42)HV for Concise group.There was a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Both the fluoride-releasing resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant can effectively reduce the amount of enamel demineralization adjacent to the materials.Fluoride ion released from the sealants protects the adjacent enamel against in vitro demineralization to some extent.

Objective To investigate the refining and concentration of the Banlangen aqueous extractives using membrane separation technology. Methods The membrane separation process for refining and concentration Banlangen aqueous extractives was optimized by the quality of products and membrane operation parameters, and was tested through medium-scale trials. Results The selected G2+GM+RO2 membrane process was suitable. The inherent quality of the products obtained by membrane separation process was better than that obtained by traditional process. Conclusion G2+GM+RO2 membrane process is suitable to refine and concentrate Banlangen aqueous extractives, and it has technical conditions for industrial scale trials.