OBJECTIVE: To probe into the cognition of the elderly to the safety of drug use and their demand for pharmaceutical care,and to improve pharmaceutical care in the hospital and guarantee the safety of drug use.METHODS: Questionnaires about medication information were designed.315 elderly patients,who were collected from 10 old-age homes of Liaocheng,domestic sickbed department and 5 community medical service stations of Liaocheng Municipal People's Hospital from Oct.2008 to Mar.2009,were involved in study.Investigation data were analyzed statistically using SPSS17.0 software.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Results of study showed that the elderly had not sufficient knowledge towards the safety of drug use,especially drug allergies,side effects of drugs and special population medication.There was significant difference in the understanding of the safety of drug use among the elderly with different education levels,different occupations and different medical insurance patterns.The potential danger of medication is present.They are desirous of acquiring pharmaceutical care.Pharmacists should carry out medicine consultation and popularize pharmaceutical knowledge.They also should provide a comprehensive pharmaceutical care for the elderly people to ensure the safety of drug use in the elderly.

Brain ; physiopathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Cognition Disorders ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood

Immunoblotting(IB) technique has been frequently used to detect bullous pemphigoid (BP) antibodies in BP patient.It is important to extract the antigen proteins fully and intactly in the base membrane zone(BMZ) of normal human epidermis.The simple method of extracting antigens will make IB techniqne easy.Three different methods of extracting antigen proteins were compared.Using IB for detecting BP antibodies,it has been found that the results of epidermal extract preparations are basically similar.However,one of these methods (NO.1) is more convenient and may obtain more amounts of antigens.Another method(No.3) is identical to that of extracting antigens in dermis for de- tecting epidermolysis bullosa acquista (EBA) antibodies.Therefore,in using IB technique to distinguish BP from EBA,one can apply method No.3.

Apoptosis ; Child ; Cytokines ; immunology ; secretion ; Humans ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; immunology ; therapy

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) owing to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) was a relatively frequent of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the inactivation of the steroid-synthesizing enzyme in the adrenocortex.Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid) replacement therapy was the primary treatment of 21-OHD.The main objective of 21-OHD treatment in children was to maintain normal growth.Inadequate or excessive treatment was commonly observed.A number of studies reported that 21-OHD adult were at increasing risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events.However,there was few researches on 21-OHD children with metabolic disorders,and no domestic reports.The article summarized recent clinical research progresses in research on the alterations of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in children with classic 21-OHD.

While only in minute quantities in the body, trace elements are crucial co-factors and regulators of normal metabolism.Commonly tested elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper.Imbalance or deficiencies in trace elements can cause growth retardation, malnutrition, immune malfunction and other abnormalities in children.Because these elements are in trace amounts, sensitivity and reproducibility of detection methods are of paramount importance.Different methods for the same element can yield different reference intervals, which, in order to be applied in the clinic, would have to be independently established by individual laboratories.Clearly defined indications and good quality control to ensure accuracy and sensitivity are necessary for the measurement of trace elements to provide objective reference for clinical diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo study the diagnostic method of microcirculation disturbance of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods81 patients with CHB and 5 normal volunteer were observed.Hypoxia-induciable factor was detected by immunohistochemistry stain,TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α were detected by chemiluminescence and HA was detected by RIA,ultrastructure of liver was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).ResultsAccompany with the pathological changes of liver in patients with CHB,the strength and range of expression of HIF-1 α enhanced,HA and TXB2 of serum rised gradually( all P ＜ 0.05 ),but 6-Keto-PGF1α of blood plasma fell- off.The electron microscope showed that erythrocyte aggregation,stenosis and blockage of sinus hepaticus turned obviously,collagen fibers deposition and basal membrane formation aggravated gradually.ConclusionAssociated detec tion with HIF-1 α、HA 、TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 α can reflect the condition of microcirculation of liver perfectly.

Along with the rapid development of global medical technology, great progress has been made in clinical diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer,hence childhood cancer survival rate is increasing markedly. The clinicians have become concerned about life quality of childhood cancer survivors. A number of studies reported that long-term childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing metabolic syn-drome,especially after cranial irradiation,abdomal irradiation,or total body irradiation. Metabolic syndrome is a variety of metabolic abnormalities commonly clustered together in a condition of the same individual,which sig-nificantly increases risk of cardiovascular diseases. Though the etiology of the metabolic syndrome in cohorts of childhood cancer survivors has not been elucidated,the predisposing factors have been identified as the lack of hormones after cancer treatment,damage from medicine or radiation therapy,endothelial dysfunction and so on. Accordingly,early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is of great importance with medical interventions,such as encouraging cancer survivors to improve dietary habit and enhance exercise to achieve ideal weight,and to subse-quently decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular events.

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment means for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx, to guarantee efficacy and avoid the damage of radical surgery, so as to preserve the laryngeal function of swallowing and pronunciation.With the progressing of radiotherapy technology,concept of treatment and radiotherapy mode have been advanced constantly,that have prolonged the survival time and improved the quality of life.This study will review the progress of radiotherapy in the pharynx and larynx squamous cell carcinoma, investigate the improvement of radiotherapy technology and hypofractionated IMRT, and provide reference for reducing the toxicity and after effects of radiotherapy.