Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine tumor.Clinical manifestations are varied with multiple organs involved,mainly due to hypercalcemia.So far the etiology and pathogenesis of parathyroid carcinoma are still unclear and preoperatively diagnosis is difficult.Technetium-99 m sestamibi scan and ultrasound can help to find the early lesions.Complete surgical resection with suspicious involved lymph nodes is the recommended treatment.Parathyroid carcinoma is insensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.New immune therapy yields unsure efficacy.Therapeutic effect and prognosis mainly depend on primary surgical resection of the tumor.The disease recurs in more than 50％ of patients with poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo provide suggestion for MDAEs monitoring with analyzing the features of the 1028 reports of MDAEs.

METHODSWith retrospective case study, this paper analyzed 1 028 MDAE reports in Guiyang during 2012.

RESULTSThe intrauterine device (IUD) caused the higher proportion of adverse events with serious degree. Monitoring consciousness of grassroots users needs to be improved. The quality of the reports should be enhanced.

CONCLUSIONSMore attention should be paid to monitoring on IUD. The level of MDAEs monitoring should be improved through carrying out targeted training and publicity, establishing and improving MDAEs monitoring network.

AIM: To study the effect and potential mechanism of IFN? on tumor angiogenesis. METHODS: Human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) was cultured in vitro. The effect of IFN? (10, 100, and 1000 unit?ml -1) on proliferation of HUVEC was detected by MTT assay in vitro. HUVEC pretreated with IFN? (10, 100, and 1000 unit?ml -1) was stained with PI and detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of apoptosis relative gene Bcl-2 and Bax of HUVEC treated with IFN? (100, and 1 000 unit?ml -1) were detected with semi quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IFN? (30, 300, and 3 000 unit?ml -1) on VEGF secretion and expression in human lung carcinoma cell PG in hypoxia were detected by ELISA assay. CONCLUSION: The key attributes of IFN? on tumor angiogenesis possible directly inhibit vascular endothelial cells or indirectly inhibit growth factors secretion and expression in tumor cells.

Objective To investigate if ketamine protects cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from apoptosis induced by glutamate and its possible mechanism of signal transduction. Methods Primarily cultured CGNs prepared by enzymatical digestion of cerebellum isolated bom 7-8 day old SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: (1) control group (C); (2) glutamate group (G) in which CGNs were incubated with 300 ?mol?L-1 glutamate; (3) (4) (5) ketamine groups (K1 , K2, K3) in which CGNs were incubated with ketamine 10 (K1 ) 100 (K2) or 1 000 (K3) ?mol ? L-1 for 1h before glutamate was added; (6) Ly 294002 - K3 group (LK3) in which CGNs were incubated with 20 ?mol?L-1 Ly 294002 (a specific phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase inhibitor) for 30 min before ketamine 1 000 ? mol ? L-1 and glutamate were added as in group K3; (7) Ly 294002 group (L) in which CGNs were incubated with Ly 294002 20?mol ? L-1 and (8) Ly 294002-glutamate group (LG) in which CGNs were incubated with Ly 294002 20 ?mol ? L-1 for 30 min before glutamate was added. After 20 h incubation the apoptosis in CGNs was detected by Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining, phase-contrast microscopy and DNA fragmentation agarose gel electrophoresis. The neuronal survival was determined by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining.Results Glutamate 300 ?mol ? L-1 induced apoptosis in CGNs as characterized by cytoplasmic blebbing, heterochromatic clumping, condensation of nuclear chromatin and a typical apoptotic DNA ladder revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Ketamine improved the survival of CGNs incubated with glutamate (300 ?mol ? L-1) and blocked the glutamate-induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Ly 294002 (20 ?mol ? L-1) antagonized the anti-apoptotic effects of ketamine. Conclusion Ketamine can protect CGNs from apoptosis induced by glutamate. Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway may be involved in the antiapoptotic action of ketamine.

OBJECTIVE:To provide basis for the establishment of warfarin individualized administration model that is suitable for Uighurian patients in Xinjiang. METHODS:The genotypes of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in 200 Uighurian patients in xinjiang were detected and compared with the genotypes and allele frequency of different ethnic populations in world. RESULTS:The frequency of CYP2C9*1/*1 homozygous wild type in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than South Korea,Japan,the United States and Han nationality in China,higher than Turkey;the frequency of *1/*2 heterozygous mutant was lower than Turkey,Sweden and the United Kingdom,higher than South Korea,Japan and Han nationality in China;the frequency of *1/*3 heterozygous mutant was higher than Japan,South Korea,Han nationality in China,the United Kingdom and the United States;the frequency of *3/*3 was higher than the populations above(P<0.05). *1 allele in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than Han nationality in China,Ja-pan,South Korea and the United States,higher than Turkey(P<0.05). *2 allele was higher than Han nationality in China,Japan and South Korea,lower than Turkey,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). *3 allele was higher than Han nationality in Chi-na,Japan,South Korea,Sweden,the United Kingdom and the United States(P<0.05). The frequency of VKORC1-1639AA in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was higher than the United States Sweden,the United Kingdom,lower than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China and Han nationality in China. The frequency of type AG was higher than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China,Han nationality in China. The frequency of type GG was higher than Singapore,Japan,Taiwan China,Han nationality in China,lower than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). Type A allele in Xinjiang Uighurian patients was lower than Han nation-ality in China,Taiwan China,Japan and Singapore,higher than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom;type G was higher than Han nationality in China,Taiwan China,Japan and Singapore,lower than the United States,Sweden and the United Kingdom(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The distribution of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphism in Uighurian patients in Xin-jiang are obviously different from Asian,European and American populations.

Laser peripheral iridotomy ( LPI) is one of the main therapy for glaucoma due to its reliable efficacy of widening peripheral angle and therefore decreasing intraocular pressure by partially relieving pupillary block. The parameters of the anterior chamber angle following the LPI are the main evaluation indexes. At present,the detecting and diagnosis technique for the anterior chamber angle is deeply advancing, including gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and Pentacam. These methods offer some useful parameters and also present with some limits in the application respectively in the evaluation of anterior chamber and angle structure. This review focuses on the application of Methods mentioned above and morphologic changes of anterior chamber and angle structure following the LPI.

Objective To investigate the incidence,original location and clinical features of olfactory sulcus polyp in patients with chronic sinusitis.Methods Two hundred and seventeen cases(351 sides) with chronic sinusitis were reviewed,their olfactory sulcus was carefully examined with nasal endoscope during operation.The incidence and original location of olfactory sulcus polyp were observed,and the relationship between olfactory sulcus polyps and prognosis of chronic sinusitis or olfaction of the patients with olfactory sulcus polyps were also statistically analyzed with Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation.Results The incidence of olfactory sulcus polyp in the cases with chronic sinusitis was 18.52%.Among these cases with olfactory sulcus polyps,the rate of olfactory disorder was 81.82%,which was higher than that in the cases without olfactory sulcus polyps(25.63%,P

According to the recommendations of the International Medical lnformatics Association(IMIA)on education in biomedical and health informatics(first revision)published by IMIA in 2010 and combining the actuality of the basic clinical information skills and medical informatics education of Chinese medical students,the related contents of medical informatics have been integrated into the teaching course based on current medical information retrieval curriculum and medical informatics curriculum for non-medical informatics students of medical colleges and universities was constructed,so that they can meet the requirements of the basic information skills under information-based medical and healthy practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of peripheral arteriosclerosis in elderly males and to discuss corresponding nursing strategies. Methods 65 patients were divided into the peripheral arteriosclerosis group (the experimental group, 38 patients) and the nonperipheral arteriosclerosis group (the control group,27 patients) according to echocardiographic diagnosis. Questionnaires were designed to record factors such as age, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, primary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, blood pressure, height and body weight. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results Hypertension course was much longer and proportion of patients with hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease and smoking index, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group. Conclusions Nursing care should be carried out from psychological, life style, medication and health education perspectives in elderly males with peripheral arteriosclerosis, aiming at improving their quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice thrce-dimensional computed tomographic angiography(MS-CTA) with volume rendering(VR) for Moyamoya disease.Methods MS-CTA of 25 patients with Moyamoya disease verified by DSA were restrospectively analyzed.Source images were got by GE Lightspeed pro scanner.VR was adopted to reconstruct 3D images in all cases.Results Of 25 CT precontrast,13,12 cases showed infarction and hemorrhage respectively,while 11 cases had dialated vessels in thalamus-basal ganglia region on CT.Accuracy of stenosis or occlusion of the bifurcation of ICA, proximal portion of the ACA or MCA was 88.0% (22/25) by MS-CTA.MS-CTA overestimated the degree of stenosis,MS-CTA misdiagnosed 3 cases(12.0%)with stenosis to occlusion.MS-CTA showed fewer small Moyamoya vessels than DSA.MS-CTA only demonstrated 6 cases(25.0%)with collateral vessels.Conclusion CT is still the conventional method for detecting secondary lesions to Moyamoya disease.CT and MS-CTA can accurately diagnose Moyamoya disease.