China ; Dental Implants ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Periodontics ; manpower

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Humans ; Tooth Socket ; surgery

Objective To develop a headspace GC method for simultaneously determining the residual organic solvents Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran in Nalmefene Hydrochloride. Methods Samples dissolved in DMF and six organic residual organic solvents were separated on a DB 624 capillary column (30.0 m×0.32 mm,1.8μm) with a FID detector. The inlet temperature was 220℃and the FID detector temperature was 250℃. The column temperature rose by program:the initial temperature was 35℃, maintained for 8 min, raise to 180cwith a rate of 30℃/min, maintained for 5 min. The heated temperature of the headspace oven was 80℃, the heated time lasted 30 min, and the injection volume was 1.0 mL. Results Six residual orgamic solvents, including Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran in Nalmefene Hydrochloride were completely separated. It was appeared to present a good linearity within the experimental concentration. The limit of detection for Ethanol, Diethyl ether, Acetone, ichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and Tetrahydrofuran were 0.25,0.076,0.15,0.55,0.26 and 0.30μg?mL-1.The method has a good average recovery. Conclusion The method is proved to be accurate and sensitive after validation. It is suitable to determine the residual orgamic solvents in Nalmefene Hydrochloride .

Objective:To study the reversal effect of tetrandrine on multidrug resistance of KBV200 cell line in order to provide experimental data for clinical individual chemotherapy.Methods:MTT reduction assay was used to investgate the inhibition of Adriamycin on KBV200cell line,and the reversal effects of Tetrandrine and Verapamil on the cell line.Results:Verapamil and Tetrandrine had the reveral effects on the cell line,and the reversal indexes of Tetrandrine and Veramil were 22.96 and 9.31,respectively.Conclusion:KBV200 cell line was multidrug resistance to Adriamycin but Tetrandrine had reversal effects on its multidrug resistance.

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects.In early pregnancy,congenital heart disease screening methods mainly include neck translucency thickness measurement,ductus venosus flow measurement and fetal echocardiography.In the second trimester fetal heart disease most directly by fetal ultrasound examination for diagnosis of heartbeat,besides cardiac anatomic abnormalities,arrhythmia the diagnosis and assessment of heart function also are the important examination content.Focusing on more congenital heart disease related gene researches can provide reliable basis for prenatal diagnosis.Through the fetal congenital heart disease screening intervention,physicians can help early formulation of clinical decision making,alleviate the burden of the families,which has obvious social and economic benefits.

This article analyses the forms and reasons of university loans risks and proposes some defense measures.The authors also present some other fund-raising ways to relieve the pressure of university loans risks.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of metastasis and biological characteristics of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET).Methods One hundred and forty patients with neuroendocrine (NET) confirmed pathologically were collected between Jan.1993 and Mav 2009,and were divided into relative benign tumors or malignant tumors according to WHO prognostic criteria about GEP-NET.The clinicopathological parameters that related with metastasis of NETs were analyzed by univariate and Logistics regression methods,and the biological behavior characteristics was assessed further.Results GEP-NET showed a maximum incidence at age of 45-54 years for man and of 35-44 years for women.The onset of NET varied in age according to location of primary tumors(P<0.01).The onset age of patients with pancreas NET was lowest(42.92 years).The location that demonstrated the greatest incidence of GEP-NET was pancreas.The univariate analysis showed that gender,age,differentiation,location of primary tumors and maximum diameter of NETs were significantly associated with metastasis of GEP-NET(all P values<0.01).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the site,diameter and differentiation of tumor were the most important predictors for metastasis.The mean age of patients with malignant NET (54.78 years)was older than that of patients with relative benign NET (44.12 years,P<0.01).Conclusions The NET are more commonly found in pancrease.The location of primary tumor,diameter and differentiation of NET are important predictors for tumor metastasis.Poorly differetiated NET are common in patients with gastrointestinal NET or elderly NET patients.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn) in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET).MethodsThe data of sixty-six GEP-NET patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were collected between Jan.2003 and May 2009.The expression of CgA and Syn in the tissue of GEP-NET was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GEP-NET were analyzed.Results In these 66 patients,the positive rate of Syn (87.9％,58/66) was higher than that of CgA (71.3％,47/66,x2 =5.63,P=0.02).CgA and Syn were simultaneously expressed in 64.6％ patients (42/66).In the tissues of GEP-NET,the expression of CgA was related with lymph node metastasis and TNM stages,not related with patients' gender,age,tumor location,function,degree of differentiation,tumor size,infiltration and distant metastasis. Syn was not related with all the above clinicopathological parameters.Three-year survival rate in CgA negative group (47％) was significantly lower than that in positive group (78％,x2 =0.00,P=0.01).ConclusionsSyn was more sensitive than CgA in the diagnosis of GEP-NET.CgA in some extent indicates the prognosis of GEP-NET.

Objective To investigate the decoction use compliance of the children with the pediatric community acquired pneumonia(CAP) by providing the pharmaceutical care from the clinical pharmacist.Methods 252 patients with CAP were divided into the observation group and control group.The patients of the observation group were provided with pharmaceutical care,including drug use education,drug use guiding,etc,while the patients in the control group were not given any pharmaceutical care from the clinical pharmacist.Results The rate decoction use compliance in the observation group was 78.1％,which was 39.1％ in the control group,the difference between the two groups was significant (x2 =12.56,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pharmaceutical care can improve the rate decoction use compliance decrease the drug waste.

Clostridium difficile (C.difficile) infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.C.difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is mediated mainly by two bacterial toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which cause the diarrhea, as well as colitis and even intestinal necrosis.It has been indicated that level of C.difficile toxin is an important factor influencing the clinical phenotype of CDAD, however, the exact association between toxin and clinical phenotype remains unclear.In this article, we summarized the clinical phenotype of CDAD, the structure, function and regulatory mechanism of C.difficile toxin and discussed the relationship between C.difficile toxin and clinical phenotype, which may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism and provide possible therapeutic target for C.difficile infection.