Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of nicotine in tobacco. Methods The nicotine was separated completely by C18 column (column temperature∶35℃ ), and was determined by PDA detector at wave length of 260 nm. Mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.08 mmol/L KH2PO4 (V∶V= 1∶9) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Results The detection limits is 0.40 ?g/ml. The linear range was 0.00-60.0 ?g/ml. The recovery rates were 97.8%-103% and the relative standard deviations was 2.29% (n=5). Conclusion The method was simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for the determination of nicotine.

0.992 7. The recovery rates were 80.0%-107% and the RSDs were between 0.16%-1.69%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and is applicable to the simultaneous determination of carbonyl compounds in water.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the primary etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and muticentric Castleman's disease. In common with the other herpesviruses, KSHV exhibits both latent and lytic life cycles, both of which are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles and programs. KSHV encodes proteins which play essential roles in the inhibition of host adaptive and innate immunity, the inhibition of apoptosis, and the regulation of the cell cycle. KSHV also encodes several proteins which have transforming and intrcellular signalling activity.

0.05). The birth weight and the number of machanical ventilation between the two groups were singnificant difference (P

Objective:Our aim was to evaluate the relationship of E-cadherin（EC） expression with the biological behavior of lung cancer.Methods:The EC expression and the cellular DNA ploidy were measured using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence methods in 39 cases of primary non-small cell lung cancer. Systemic pathological examination were performed for all cases.Results:The EC expression significantly reduced in all cases of lung cancer.Fluorescene index(FI) of EC expression was (0.90±0.10) in normal lung tissue， (0.49±0.09) in squamous cell lung cancer,(0.63±0.08) in adenocarcinoma.The expression of EC in squamous lung cancer greatly decreased in poor differentiation and with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01).In squamous cell lung cancer,the expression of EC was lower in uneuploid cancer than that in diploid cancer (P<0.05).The expression of E-Cadherin in squamous cell lung cancer reduced more in TNM Ⅲ than in TNM Ⅰ,Ⅱ.Conclusion:The expression of EC decreased in poor differentiation squamous cell lung cancer with lymph node metastasis. In lung adenoma, the decrease in the expression of EC has no relatoin with the TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and DNA ploidy.

Objective To investigate efficient examination for early diagnosis of otitis meida woth effusion in pre-school children.Methods 169 cases (338 ears) with otitis media effusion in preschool children in our clinic were analyzed . All the data were analyzed retrospectively .All the pediatric patients complained symptoms related to rhinosinusitis and pediat-ric snoring while they had not been found hearing impairment .All the pediatric patients were diagnosed due to the history , special physical examination and acoustic impedance .And all the patients were divided into 3 groups:group 1 with rhinosi-nusitis, group 2 with pediatric snoring , and group 3 with rhinosinusitis and pediatric snoring .The incidence rates of otitis media with effusion were analyzed among the three groups and control group .Results The incidence rates for group1, group 2, group 3 and contrl group were 55.96%、48.08%、63.24%、11.19%respectively.According toχ2 test, there were signif-icant difference between group 3 and control group ( P<0.001 ) , respectively .But there was no difference among the three experimental groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Preschool children are high -risk population, which are attacked by otitis media with effusion .The primary factors include rhinosinusitis and pediatric snoring .Detailed history , careful special physi-cal examination and acoustic impedance are most useful for diagnosis .All the parents , kindergareners and physicians should pay attention to early symptoms , otherwise early diagnosis and early treatment will be missed .

Accurate assessment of liver fibrosis plays an important role in its treatment options,monitoring and clinical prognosis.Ultrasound elastography indirectly assesses liver fibrosis by non-invasively detecting the stiffness of liver parenchyma,with the advantages of high accuracy and easy operation,ultrasound elastography is gradually challenging the gold standard fine needle aspiration biopsy to assess liver fibrosis.This paper reviews the clinical value of ultrasound elastography in evaluating liver fibrosis.

Objective To discuss the effect of different cataract ultrasonic emulsification incision on the stability of the tear film after operation.Methods 82 patients (149 eyes) in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2012 were adopted as the research object.Patients were randomly divided into group A (40 cases,72 eyes) and group B(42 cases,77 eyes) used stratified random block method.Patients in group B were treated with anti-eyebrow scleral tunnel incision,and patients in group A were treated with corneal incision.The subjective feeling,tear secretion,tear film break-up time and the corneal incision staining of patients were compared and the results were analyzed between two groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in the subjective feeling of patients,the amount of tear secretion and the tear film breakup time (BUT) between the first day and the seventh day after operation.Conclusions Anti-eyebrow scleral tunnel incision is an ideal incision method for phacoemulsification.It has less impact on the stability of the cornea,and the damage to nerve is also light.

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens ( IOL) implantation in the treatment of unilateral high myopia combined with age-related cataract.
METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was carried out in a single ophthalmology center. All patients diagnosed of unilateral high myopia with age- related cataract were performed phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation. The axial length of operation eye was ≥27mm, and the axial length of unoperated fellow eye was≤25mm. Visual acuity and complications were followed up for 1, 7d, 1, 3mo postoperative.
RESULTS:Thirty-three patients with average age 68. 8±9. 26 (41-87) y were enrolled in this study, 7 cases were men, 26 cases were women. The mean axial length of operation eyes was 29. 44±1. 80(27. 1-32. 71) mm and the mean axial length of unoperated fellow eyes was 23. 39±0.92 ( 21. 72 - 24. 90 ) mm. The average axial length difference of binocular eyes was 6. 06±1. 97(2. 78-9. 92) mm. The best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) increased from 0. 02±0. 02(light perception~0. 12) preoperatively to 0. 20±0. 20 ( 0. 02 - 0. 8 ) at 3mo postoperatively. There was statistically significant difference (t= -5. 278, P<0. 05). Among the 10 patients whose axial length difference of binocular eyes was 2. 01 - 5. 00mm, 60% of their postoperative BCVA were >0. 3. Among the 13 patients with binocular axial length difference of 5. 01-7. 00mm, 46.2% of BCVA were >0. 3,46.2% achieved 0. 05-0. 25. Another 10 patients of binocular axial length difference between 7. 01-9. 99mm, 90% of BCVA were <0. 3, of which 40% were<0. 05. No complications occurred during operative and postoperative .
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and posterior chamber IOL implantation can effectively improve the postoperative visual acuity and it is safe for unilateral high myopic patients combined with age-related cataract. The recovery of visual acuity is related with binocular axial length difference.