Objective In order to summarize the common characters of medical education , this research Compared curricula and educational reformation of different counties .The common characters of international medical educa-tion are useful to China's current medical education reformation .Methods This research used method of compara-tive education study to compare the medical education of the U .S, the U.K and Japan.Results Although the medical education program length is different in the 3 countries, they all recognize medical education as professional education .So they all adopt muti-method to test candidates .The curriculum frameworks of medical education pro-gram of 3 countries are different , but the curriculum organization , teaching methodologies , assessment methods are similar.They all have complete quality control system .As the medical education reformation , about half of medical schools in the U .K and Japan have implemented graduate entered medical education program .Conclusions Al-though medical education program length is different in the U .S, the U.K and Japan, they do share some charac-ters.These common characters are useful to medical education reformation and quality control in China .

There has been great interest in NiTi alloy in medical domain si nc e Buehler found its memory effect in 1963. In the recent 30 years, a lot of basi c and clinical researches of the alloy have been reported in the world. From the biomechanical viewpoint, the ossification and resorption of bone are related to the stress. Different stresses are required in the different kinds of fracture healing. Many measurements have been used to test the biomechanical properties o f the Nitinol orthopedic instruments. The clinical applications of the instrumen ts in hand surgery started in China in 1980's and resulted in satisfactory outco mes. This article summarizes the progress made in the basic researches of the ni tinol orthopedic instruments and their clinical applications in hand surgery.

Objective:The role of the medical instruments in clinical diagnosis and treatment is getting more and more important, especially the application of new technologies and equipment promote and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and the advantages bring the gospel to the patients. However, due to the limitations of technologies, tools, design and lack of materials, the medical instruments introduced to the hospital existing defects. Meanwhile, operation staff’s inadequate knowledge poses potential hazard to the health care’s quality. Methods: So now days when referring to the medical quality control, we should and must concern about the quality control of medical equipment to improve health care quality control standards. The essay comes forward preliminary method to carry out medical equipment quality control system established work with the dissecting of the present health care quality situation. Results:These jobs are the basic, whether to carry out the job and promote health care quality management depend on the practice of competent departments and professionals. But most hospitals are reusing and repurchasing and ignoring the medical equipment control quality, these situations need to be correct immediately. Conclusion:Otherwise, the development of medical technologies will increased the risk and damage to the improvement of health care, even the price of life.

Objective Taking the total amino-acid, total flavones, chlorogenic acid, and volatile oil in Chrysanthemum morifolium as index to investigate the internal quality which relates to collection periods and processing methvods in order to compare the quality of species from oringinal habitats. Methods The contents of colorogenic acid in C. morifolium was analyzed by HPLC; the content of total flavones and amino-acid in C. morifolium were measured by spectrophotometery; and the volatile oil obtained by steam distilation extraction was weighted. Results The every indexes of viviparious chrysanthemum except chlorogenic acid was the best among various flowering periods so the viviparious chrysanthemum can be used as the first-class tea. The common tea produced by half-booming and full-booming flowers with higher yield and appropriate index. The machine processing is fast and suitable for the production to a large-scale. Conclusion The quality of C. morifolium planted in Ruicheng, Shanxi Province is equal to that in Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, which depends on the collecting periods and processing methods, so does the volatile oil rather than the evironment of the habitat.

BACKGROUND: Antinuclear antibody, anticentromere antibody, anti-cytoplasm antibody, and antibody against SCL-70 are the main self-antibodies involved in systemic scleroderma (SSc) and are closely connected with the development of SSc.OBJECTIVE: To probe the value of various self-antibodies and proteins in evaluating the functional prognosis of patients with SSc. DESIGN: Case-control study.SETTING: Clinical Laboratory of Second Hospital Affiliated to Jiangxi Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 74 patients, 19 males and 55 females aged 12-59years old, were confirmed of SSc at the outpatient and inpatient departments of Second Hospital Affiliated to Jiangxi Medical College between December 1995 and December 2004. There were 46 cases of diffuse cutaneous SSc, 24 cases of localized cutaneous SSc, and 4 cases of overlapping syndrome. Meanwhile40 inpatients (14 males and 26 females aged 19-54years old) who received treatment due to other diseases were recruited from the same hospital.METHODS: The level of antinuclear antibody, anticentromere antibody,and anti-cytoplasm antibody was detected with indirect irnmuneofluorescence assay; antibody against SCL-70 was detected with Western blot; the level of serum immunoglobulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor was examined with velocity dispersion turbidimetry.ticentromere antibody, anti-cytoplasm antibody, and antibody against SCL-70;RESULTS: Blood samples collected from the 74 patients with SSc and 40controls were proved eligible and all data entered the final statistical analanti-cytoplasm antibody, and antibody against SCL-70: It was obviously higher in SSc group than in control group [66% (49/74), 53% (39/74), 39%(29/74), 7% (5/74), 0, (x2=57.15, P ＜ 0.01)]. The positive rate of antinuclear antibody in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc was significantly lower than in patients with localized cutaneous SSc [57% (26/46), 83%(20/24),(x2=5.03, P ＜ 0.05)], but the positive rate of antibody against SCL70 was significantly higher than localized cutaneous SSc [48% (22/46),rheumatoid factor in patients with SSc was markedly higher thanin control group [(16.89±11.94), (11.89±2.05) g/L; (23.06±6.18), (22.44±5.53) IU/mL,t=8.01, 2.46, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The positive rate of antinuclear antibody, anticentromere antibody, anti-cytoplasm antibody, and antibody against SCL-70, as well as the level of immunoglobulin G and rheumatoid factor were obviously increased in patients with SSc, suggesting that these experimental parameters have the value in evaluating the prognosis of SSc.

Objective In order to get the research focuses and trend of 8-year medical educa-tion program in China, articles on eight-year medical education program published from 2003 to 2014 have been analyzed. Method Using Cochrane Systematic evaluation method, 797 articles have been achieved from CMB, CNKI, WangFang and VIP. These papers were then analyzed with methods of bib-liometrics and content analysis. Result The articles on eight-year medical education program are mainly published on 4 journals. The publications focus on 10 domains. The domain of teaching method-ology is a hot research topic as 399 articles have discussed this domain. Most articles on teaching methodol-ogy focus on PBL, only a few papers discuss other teaching methods. In the 233 study on the curricu-lum design, only 42 papers have carried on the overall design course study and the researchers have the same opinion on the problems existing in eight-year program medical education curriculum. 19 articles have discussed the goal of eight-year medical education program. The goals of different schools' program are diverse. With the development of policy research, the eight-year medical educa-tion program education standards and accreditation are valued. Conclusion In the future, the research priorities should focus on pedagogy theories, the comparison to other nations' medical education system, and ed-ucation standards of eight-year medical education program.

BACKGROUND:Experience of the surgeon has a direct effect on the operation time and the repair effect of percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty. Digital technology-assisted rehabilitation program opened up new ideas. OBJECTIVE:To compare the differences of operation time and repair effect between digital technology and percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty.
METHODS:A total of 64 patients treated with percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty in the Department of Orthopedics of the Second People’s Hospital of Huaian from January 1, 2013 to November 20, 2014 were enroled in this study. Using a randomized controled method, according to the order of admission, odd number received digital technology-assisted percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty (experimental group). Even number received percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty (control group). Onset age, preoperative visual analogue scale score, operation time, 3-day postoperative visual analogue scale score and the decreased value of visual analogue scale score were compared and analyzed between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant differences in operation time, 3-day postoperative visual analogue scale score and the decreased value of visual analogue scale score were detected between the two groups (P < 0.05), and above indexes were better in the experimental group than in the control group. These findings confirm that digital technology-assisted percutaneous baloon kyphoplasty could significantly shorten operation time, optimize repair program, obtain ideal repair effect and elevate patient satisfaction.

Objective: From the point of clinic application,this article introduces the design and application of optometry glasses NL-Ⅱ. Methods: The new model optometry glasses NL-Ⅱwas compared with the old ones. Results: Optometry glasses NL-Ⅱhave many advantages in both function and layout. Conclusion: Optometry glasses NL-Ⅱ can and have been used in hospital very well,but it need some improvements to make the glasses more helpful in clinic.

This article introduces the design and application of multifunctional optometry glasses.Comparing with the old ones,multifunctional optometry glasses has many advantages in both function and layout.At last,some improving ideas are put forward to make the glasses more helpful.

To ensure the sooth progression of resident standardized training, the Nineth Peo-ple's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine made the following explo-rations for structure organization and rule and regulation establishment: teaching staff construction , student recruiting procedures, training time, training plan and content, examination management and training quality control. It has played a promoting role for the construction and development of resident standardized training base.