The fluorescence characteristics of reaction products of sparfloxacin with halide (F, Cl, Br, I) have been studied. It was found that sparfloxacin was oxidized by nitrous acid then reacted with halide further to formstrong fluorescence substances in acid media. Their fluorescence intensitites enhanced with aggrandizing of atom radii of halides, which could emit the strong fluorescence 58～151 fold more than that of sparfloxacin itself. Thus a new sensitive method for the direct determination of sparfloxacin in human urine by derivative-synchronous fluorescence was presented. A plausible mchanism was proposed to explin this behavior.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on lung injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis and its impact on P38MAPK and NF-κB expressions.Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups:(1) hydrogen-rich saline treatment group (HRS group,n =18),in which the rats were treated with hydrogen-rich saline (6 mL/kg) administered intravenously via tail vein and HRS (20 mL/kg) administered subcutaneously at 5 min after successful modeling.(2) Severe acute pancreatitis model group (SAP group,n =18),in which rats received equivalent volume of normal saline instead of hydrogen-rich saline both intravenously and subcutaneously as in HRS group.(3) Sham operation group (SO group,n =18),in which rats were treated with sham surgery,and received equivalent volume of normal saline as in SAP group.The model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was made by retrograde injection of 5％ sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into cholepancreatic duct.All rats were sacrificed at 3 h,12 h,and 24 h separately after the operation (n =6 at a time).The levels of serum amylase,lipase were measured.The ratio of wet and dry lung tissues was measured.The histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed under optic microscope.The expressions of P38MAPK,p-P38MAPK and NF-κB were measured by using immunohistochemistry method.Results Compared with SAP group,there were no significant differences in levels of serum amylase [12 h (5306.7±909) vs.(5435.0 ±441.2)] and lipase [12 h (1897.8 ±149.4) vs.(1917.9± 106.8)] in HRS group (P ＞0.05),but there were significant differences in the ratio of wet and dry lung tissues [12 h (3.12 ± 0.58) vs.(1.87 ± 0.25)] and histopathology scores [12 h (2.14 ± 0.38) vs.(3.58 ±0.32)] (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in expression of P38MAPK in lung tissues among three groups at 12 h.Compared with SO group,the expressions of p-P38MAPK and NF-κB were significant increased in SAP group at 12 h,however,they were lower significantly in HRS group than those in SAP group.Conclusions Hydrogen-rich saline has a protective effect on lung injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis,and its mechanism may be likely related to the antioxidant effect and inhibiting the activation of P38MAPK and NF-κB.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistance of AmpC enzyme derepressing Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients of respiratory department.METHODS Totally 364 strains of E.cloacae(162 strains from respiration department) collected from Jan 2001 to Dec 2006 were investigated to know their ward distribution,infection site and susceptibility test results.Three-dimensional tests were adopted to test AmpC lactamase.RESULTS Among the total 162 strains from respiration department,AmpC producers were 76 strains,accounting for 46.91%. Among the 202 strains from the other departments,however,AmpC producers were 36 strains,accounting for 17.82%.And drug-resistance of E.cloacae from respiration department was distinctly higher than that from the other departments.CONCLUSIONS E.cloacae from respiratory department has the higher isolating rate and drug-resistance rate.We should take effective measurement to contain nosocomial infections with E.cloacae.

Objective To analyze the balance function of injured lower lim b by dynam ic posturography. Methods Using the dynam ic posturography instrum ent, the postural evoked responses of sixty-two norm al people and two hundred and fifty-eight people with injured lower lim b bones and joints were detected. The test was included sensory organization test(SO T) and adaption test(ADT).The results of two groups were com pared by t test. Results Com pared with the norm al people, the im paired people had significant statistical differences in balance scores of SO T3-SO T6 and proportion score of dynam ic proprioception (P<0.05). There was no obvious decrease in ADT. Conclusion The balance function of injured lower lim b significantly decreases.

Stroke is a common neurological diseases with high morbidity,high mortality and high morbidity characteristics,which brings great suffer and economic burden to the patients and families,and has become an important research topic in contemporary medical profession.Treatment directly affects the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction,and thus it is very important to find the most effective treatments and methods.Currently,thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarction have carried out a large number of experimental studies,and achieved good results.This paper reviewed the thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarctionincluding the time window,methods and drugs of thrombolysis,and the influencing factors of outcomes were also summarized and discussed.

Aim To study the effect of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume(GEP) on levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide(NO);and the retinal morphology after rat retina ischemia reperfusion injury.Method Retinal ischemia was induced in SD rats by increasing the intraocular pressure to 16 kPa for 60 min via cannulation into the anterior chamber.SD rats were divided into five groups randomly: Small dose GEP group,Middle dose GEP group,Large dose GEP group,Vitamin E group and Negative contral group.At 60 min,24 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion,levels of SOD,MDA and NO in rat retinas were measured,and histopathologic changes were observed.Results At 60 min,24 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion,levels of SOD in rat retinas in middle,large dose GEP groups were significantly higher than that in negative control group(P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of semis glucocorticoid combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for IgA nephropathy in patients after undergoing tonsillectomy. METHODS:207 patients diagnosed as having IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy were divided into operation group and control group:both groups received semis glucocorticoid combined with MMF. The patients were followed for 1 year to observe the changes of the proteinuria level,red blood cell count,blood pressure and renal function. RESULTS:After 3-month treatment,both group improved in urine red blood cell count and urine protein level,and the operation group had a better improvement than in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE: Osteoblasts are essential for osteogenesis and bone metabolism, the in vitro culture of osteoblasts is the foundation for studies on bone metabolism and osteogenetic mechanism. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the related factors affecting it.DATA SOURCES: Related literature about the influencing factors of in vitro culture of osteoblasts were searched for in Medline from January 1980 to December 2004 with retrieval words of "osteoblasts, culture in vitro, in fluencing factors", with the language limited to English. Meanwhile, it was also searched in the CBM between January 1995 and December 2004 with the retrieval words of "osteoblasts, in vitro culture, influencing factors",with the language of the articles limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: After preliminary examination, literature that met the need of this study was searched for the full text. Inclusion criteria: Factors influencing the in vitro culture of osteoblasts included ① physical factors; ② microelements; ③ growth factors; and ④ hormones.Reviews were removed from this study because of summary or repetitive research.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 105 articles related to the influencing factors of the in vitrocul ture of osteoblasts were obtained, articles of repetitive and similar researchwere removed; thereby 17 articles were included in the study.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Physical factors: Ionizing radiation, microgravity,external force, and oxygen pressure. ② Microelements: microelement deficiency would hinder the skeletal growth, or even lead to malformation. Osteoblastic proliferation is closely related to some microelements, mainly including zinc, aluminum, fluorine, copper, manganese, calcium, and magnesium. ③ Growth factors closely related to osteogenesis mainly consist of bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, insulin like growth factor,and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). ④ Hormones capable of promoting the proliferation and differentiation are growth hormone, estrogen, thyroxine, parathyroxine, and glucocorticosteroid.CONCLUSION: Multiple factors are involved in the in vitro culture of osteoblasts. It is helpful to understand these influencing factors to seek an effective way for the in vitro culture ofosteoblasts that is applied in tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma(HAML). Methods Clinical data of 13 patients with operatively confirmed HAML treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results HAML was usually asymptomatic and the imaging features varied. Only 1 case was correctly diagnosed before operation. HMB45 positive staining was the pathologic characteristic of HAML. Conclusion HAML can be easily misdiagnosed, should be properly treated by surgery and has a good prognosis.

Objective To analyze symptomatic characteristics and the factors related to severity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods Total 516 IBS patients met Rome Ⅲ criteria were enrolled in the study from June 2009 to February 2016.A questionnaire survey was conducted in face-to-face manner,including intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms,sleeping and psychological status.Severity of IBS was determined by symptom scores.Results Among 516 patients,there were 135 cases with mild symptoms (26.2％),267 with moderate symptoms (51.7％) and 114 with severe symptoms (22.1％).Periumbilical pain/discomfort associated with defecation was a common symptom location (34.6％,178/516),however,53.3％ (275/516) patients also reported having abdominal pain/discomfort during non-defecation period.In IBS patients,51.2％ (264/516) were coexisted with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),59.1％ (305/516) with functional dyspepsia (FD),and 46.9％ (242/516) with depression.The prevalence of ordinary abdominal pain/discomfort [57.0％ (217/381) vs.43.0％ (58/135),x2 =7.841],sensation of incomplete defecation[74.5％ (284/381)vs.61.5％ (83/135),x2 =8.277] and coexisted GERD[54.1％ (206/381) vs.43.0％(58/135),x2 =4.920],FD[64.0％(244/381)vs.45.2％ (61/135),x2 =14.664],headache[50.7％ (193/381)vs.38.5％ (52/135),x2 =5.889] and depression[52.2％ (199/ 381)vs.31.9％ (43/135),x2 =16.623] in patients with moderate to severe symptoms were significantly higher than that in patients with mild symptoms (all P ＜ 0.05).The predictors to moderate-severe IBS symptoms were coexisted FD (OR =1.798,95％ CI:1.162-2.783,P =0.010) and depression (OR =1.696,95％ CI:1.043-2.759,P =0.014).Conclusion The symptoms of IBS patients are various,and patients coexisted with FD and depression are more likely to have more severe symptoms.