Reactive oxygen species(ROS) resulting from oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.It induces cell apoptosis and accelerates the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy through mitochondrial activation,DNA oxidative injury and influence on gene expression.Reducing ROS formation and blocking the pathway of cell apoptosis activated by ROS may become a new target in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Chronic Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans

Objective:To compare amony ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Methods:Cost-effectiveness was comparitively analysed by using the principle of pharmacoeconomics with ceftriazone, penicillin, and ciprofluxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. 　Results:Three drugs in the treatment of lower respiratory trace infection, while cost of penicillin was the lowest.　Conclusion:Penicillin is a first selective drugs for lower respiratory tract infection.

To understand the present situation of sport participation in community residents of Shanghai，study infecting factors to the regular sport participation rate and evaluate recognition degree of the relationship of sport and chronic disease，we carried out questionnaire survey indoors among the permanent residents,aged 35～74,in East Nanjing Road community, including survey on chronic disease and sport participation situation. The material was statistically analyzed and the related factors were proved by x2 test. The results showed that in 1457 permanent residents,470 regularly participat in sport, and were classified as sport population. The prevalence was 32.3%.The gender, age, education level, occupation and chronic disease had statistical significance (P<0.05) and they were probably infecting factors of the regular sport participation rate. Currently,the regular sport participation rate in community is relatively high and the purpose of sport participation was evident, however, the age structure of sport population was imbalance. The sport participation in residents was individualized and without proper scientific instruction.

Objective To evaluate neuropsychiatric adverse effects of cycloserine therapy for multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods A total of 82 patients with MDR-TB who were enrolled in Global Fund Round Five MDR-TB Control Program were admitted in Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis,Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital from May to December 2012.All patients received the standard treatment containing cycloserine for MDR-TB.The adverse reactions during the treatment were recorded,and symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores at different time points were compared with t test.Results Adverse reactions were observed in 66 patients (66/82,80.5％) within 3 months after the initial treatment.Common adverse reactions included arthralgia (42.7％),gastrointestinal reactions (40.2％),central nervous system symptoms (22.0％) and electrolytes disturbance (17.1％).Nine patients had severe neuropsychiatric symptoms characterized by convulsions,depression,anxiety,schizophrenia and attempting suicide,6 of whom had used fluoroquinolones before the study.The above symptoms were relieved after stopping cycloserine or antitubercular agents,and cycloserine was replaced in the following treatment.The total SCL-90 score,depression and anxiety scores were significantly higher during onset of symptoms than those one month after the following treatment (t =2.241,2.301 and 5.659,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cycloserine may induce severe neuropsychiatric adverse reactions in patients receiving standard treatment for MDR-TB.

BACKGROUND:There are studies on three-dimensional finite element analysis of total knee replacement, but few research concerns contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. METHODS:We established three-dimensional finite element models of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement and compared contact pressure and contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was minimum at 0° of genuflex. The peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner was higher than that outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The peak contact pressure inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was higher than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 60°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis and rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was maximum at 0° of genuflex. The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-30° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis in total knee replacement was lower than that of outside at 0°-90° of genuflex (P<0.05). The contact area inside and outside polyethylene liner of fixed platform prosthesis was lower than that of rotating platform prosthesis in total knee replacement at 30°-120° of genuflex (P<0.05). These results suggested that peak contact pressure inside polyethylene liner of fixed and rotating platform prostheses was higher than that outside in total knee replacement, and the inside contact area was lower than that of outside. Inside and outside contact pressure of the rotating platform prosthesis was lower than that of fixed platform prosthesis. Inside and outside contact area of the rotating platform prosthesis was higher than that of fixed platform prosthesis.

0.05) . Significant decreases of contents of 14 kinds of macro-elements and trace elements in purified water were found compared with those in water samples after activated carbon filtration (t = 2.496 9-5.261 7, F2 and showed significant dose-response relationship respectively (r = 0.980, P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in breast neoplasms and to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate,to promote closer communication betwen clinicians and ~pathologists ,mutually increase an understanding of frozen sections, and thus decrease the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods The diagnostic reports of intraoperative frozen sections and paraffin sections of 590 cases with breast neoplasms taken in the recent 8 and a half years were analyzed retrospectively. Results 586 cases (~99.32 %) of intraoperative frozen sections were diagnosed correctly and 4(0.68%) were misdiagnosed. In the 4 misdiagnosed cases,2 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign lesions,due to questionable quality of the slides,and 2 cases of lobular cystic sarcoma were misdiagnosed as fibroadeuoma,due to removal of insufficient specimen.Conclusions The chief causes of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of frozen sections are specimen limitations,varied morphology of the lesions,and quality of the frozen sections.When there is familiarity with the main aspects of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast pathology and enhancement of communication between the surgeon and pathologist,then frozen section of breast masses is an accurate and reliable method of investigation.

Objective To analyze the reasons of the TB outbreak in that school and to explore strategy of warning and preventing TB in schools.Methods epidemical investigation,screening close-contactors,analyzing and dealing with epidemic situation.Results 51 TB cases were detected from Oct 2003 to Mar 2005,among them,there were 42 acquired TB cases (6 sputum smear positive cases),9 tuberculosis pleurisy cases.30 of them didn't experience any health education about TB control and prevention,and know nothing about TB.Rest of them is not much better.Only tow of them is resisted by school infirmary,7 of 16 students who were diagnosed with TB before screening and took treatment were reported to local CDC.Conclusions Students lack of self-protective ability; administration of school infirmary was not well-organized,so that so many TB cases in a short period couldn't be noticed and the weakness of the report system is the major reason causing the outbreak to be long term and involving so many victims.it is emergency to enforce TB control in schools,and it is crucial to establish TB warning system in schools.

Objective To optimize a preparation technique of Pingfenggujin Granule. Methods The technique was determined by the orthogonal design with content of Astragalosides, polysaccharides and the rate of dried extracts. The contents of polysaccharides and Astragalosides were determined by UV and ELSD-HPLC respectively. Results The optimum water-extraction technique was to steep 2.5 h, ten times of water as much as weigh of total drugs and extract three times, 2 h each. Conclusion The optimum technique is feasible, and the method of content determination is accurate and reliable.