0.05).CONCLUSION:Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin were alike for both have confirmed efficacy and safety for AECOPD and can be used as empirical anti-infective medicine.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of tolterodine in treating detrusor hyperreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury.Methods50 patients of spinal cord injury patients with detrusor hyperreflexia were involved in this study.The data from voiding diary were evaluated 7 days before and after the patients being treated with tolterodine 2 mg twice daily.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment,the functional bladder volume increased from(114.0±44.3) ml to(207.7±54.9) ml,the mean frequency of micturition decreased from(8.9±2.7) /d to(4.6±2.5) /d,the mean volume of incontinence decreased from(646.7±348.9) ml to(426.6±291.3) ml,the mean frequency of incontinence decreased from(7.8±3.1) /d to(4.8±3.2) /d,which were all statistically different before and after treatment.5 patients felt dry mouth,but they could tolerated it.ConclusionTolterodine is an effective and well tolerable antimuscarinic agent for treating detrusor hyperreflexia after spinal cord injury.

High mobility group box l protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone DNA binding protein,which is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells.HMGB1 is an important proinflammatory cytokine,involving in various pathological and physiological processes,such as inflammation,neurogenesis and angiogenesis.In the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can induce secondary brain injury,such as inflammatory reaction,neuronal necrosis,and brain edema.However,in the late stage of intracerebral hemorrhage,HMGB1 can promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis,and thus improving neurological function.HMGB1 will become a novel therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the future.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is that cells undergo a switch from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype.Recent researches show that EMT can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer through a variety of mechanisms and promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells.The process of EMT involves a number of signal transduction pathways,and is related to microRNAs,Helicobacter pylori,transcription factors and so on.EMT is expected to be a novel therapeutic target of gastric cancer.

The LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors play essential roles in pituitary gland.Nervous system developments play certain roles in some cancers,leukemia,and deafness disease.Mutations in the genes encoding these regulatory proteins are closely associated with combined hormone deficiency diseases in human and animal models,and related to nervous system defect,tumors,leukemia and deafness.Analysis of these diseases and the biochemical properties of the LHX3 and LHX4 protein will facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.LHX3 and LHX4 are reviewed in this paper.

The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been used for the treatment of various incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency, and is considered as the gold standard treatment for incontinence after a prostatectomy. The long-term satisfaction rates exceed 80%, but almost a third of patients with AUS require revision surgery within 5 years. This paper reviewed the common complications of AUS implantation and the treatment.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravenous catheter in combination with ultraviolet radiation for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Methods96 patients with PHN were randonly divided into three groups.Intravenous catheter plus UVB radiation was given in the test group(32 patients).Intravenous catheter or UVB radiation was only given in two control groups (32 patients/group), respectively.ResultsThe total effective rate in the test group was 96.88％ (31/32) and the average onset time was 1.55 days.However,the total effective rate in two control groups was 81.25％ (26/32) and 68.75％ (22/32) ,and the average onset time was 2.48 days and 7.41days.There was a statistical difference observed in curative rate (x2 = 5.33,42.42, P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), the total effective rate(x2 =4.59,8.89,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and the average onset time(t =22.96,11.96,all P＜0.01)between the test group and two control groups.Moreove,there was also a statistical difference observed in curative rate (x2 = 22.44, P ＜ 0.001) and the average onset time (t = 29.30, P ＜ 0.01) between two control groups.ConclusionIntravenous catheter in combination with UVB radiation was much better than intravenous catheter or UVB radiation only in the treatment of PHN.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum cytokines in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).Methods A total of 239 children with MPP hospitalized in our department from Jan 2008 to Dec 2009 served as MPP group,which were redivided into mild MPP group (n =152) and severe MPP group ( n =87 ).Two hundred and sixty-three acute bronchopneumonia children without MPP infection served as non-MPP group.Fifty cases who would undergo hernia and phimosis elective surgery in pediatric surgery department served as control group.All children with pneumonia were detected mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and cytokines (TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-4,IL-6) of serum in the first day of hospitalization and recovery period.Children in control group were detected the level of cytokines only once.Results Serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 in MPP group and non-MPP group were higher than those in　control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).No significant differences of IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were found among three groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with non-MPP group,the levels of IFN-γ,IL-1β and IFN-γ/IL-4 were higher in MPP group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels of TNF-α,IL- 1β,IL-6,and IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly decreased in　the recovery period of MPP (P ＜0.001,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IFN-γ/IL-4 in severe　MPP children were higher than those in mild MPP children ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The immunologic　function of MPP children is unbalanced.The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γ/IL-4 are correlated with severity of MPP,which help to evaluate the state of MPP.