Objective To explore the mechanism underlying the effects of gypenosides (GP) against photodamage. Methods Eighty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 8 groups, i.e., blank control group (untreated), UVB model group (irradiated with UVB), GP I group (irradiated with UVB before topical application of GP), GPⅡ group (irradiated with UVB followed by topical application of GP), VitE I group (irradiated with UVB after topical application of Vitamine E cream), VitE Ⅱ group (irradiated with UVB followed by topical application of Vitamine E cream), Vehicle group Ⅰ (irradiated with UVB after application of the drug vehicle),and Vehicle group Ⅱ (irradiated with UVB before application of the drug vehicle). UVB irradiation was performed once every other day for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed after the last irradiation and skin specimens were obtained from the irradiated sites, and the levels of p53 and p21 protein were measured by Western blot in the specimens. Results The expression level of p53 protein was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the UVB model group (0.11 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.12) and GP Ⅰ group (0.44 ± 0.23, P < 0.01),in the blank control group and UVB model group than in the GP Ⅱ group (0.48 ± 0.24, P < 0.01, 0.05). VitE Ⅰ group (0.49 ± 0.29) and VitE II group (0.50 ± 0.27) were similar to the GP groups in the expression of p53 protein. No statistical difference was observed in the expression of p21 protein between the eight groups. Conclusion The upregulation of p53 protein expression in epidermal cells may be related to the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of 1.5% GP cream against photodamage.

Objective To study the expression of GRHL-3 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight pathology paraffin-embedded diffuse large B-cell lymphomas tissues were collected from January 2006 to September 2011.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GRHL-3 protein in the above tissues.Results The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 protein in the GCB type tissues was higher than that in the non-GCB type tissues [84.87 ％(101/119) vs 14.29 ％ (7/49), P ＜ 0.01].Further analysis indicated that in the non-GCB type tissues,the positive expression rate of GRHL-3 in the latter stage group was significantly higher than that in the early stage group [90.00 ％ (63/70) vs 77.56 ％ (38/49), P ＜ 0.01].The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 in the lactatede hydrogenase increased group was significantly higher than that in the normal lactated hydrogenase [91.67 ％ (77/84) vs 68.57 ％ (24/35), P ＜ 0.01].The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 in the extranodal involvement status ≥ 2 group was significantly higher than that in the extranodal involvement status 0-1 group [96.29 ％ (26/27) vs 81.52 ％ (75/92), P ＜ 0.05].The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 in the IPI score 4-5 group was significantly higher than that in the IPI score 0-1 group [91.30 ％ (65/69) vs 66.67 ％ (18/27), P ＜ 0.01] and IPI score 2-3 group [91.30 ％ (65/69) vs 79.96 ％ (18/23), P ＜ 0.05].However, the expression of GRHL-3 had no correlation with the gender, age, and performance status of DLBCL.Conclusion The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 protein in the GCB type tissues is higher than that in the non-GCB type tissues.The positive expression rate of GRHL-3 in the DLBCL is correlated with the Ann Arbor stage, lactate dehydrogenase, extranodal involvement status and IPI score.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment and 0.1% mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Forty male patients with CAD were recruited and divided into two groups randomly.Twenty cases were treated with 0.1%tacrolimus ointment (Group A), and the other 20 cases were treated with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream (Group B) . The medications mentioned were applied topically to the lesions on the face twice a day and mizolastine tablet 10 mg per day given orally for 4 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy and side effects of medications were observed. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL12 in CAD patients before and after treatment with topical tacrolimus ointment and mometasone furoate cream. Results (1) Both groups had overall response rates of 100%, with no statistically significant difference ( > 0.05) . (2) Serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 were down-regulated after treatment in both treatment groups respectively ( < 0.01) . No statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups ( > 0.05) . Conclusion 0.1%tacrolimus ointment is effective in the treatment of CAD. Its therapeutic efficacy is equivalent to that of 0.1%mometasone furoate cream. It can be used as a possible steroid sparing equivalent.

Objective To observe the effects of gypenosides (GP) on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathways in photodamaged skin of mice,and to explore the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GP against photodamage.Methods Eighty Balb/C female mice were randomly divided into 8 groups: blank control group receiving no treatment,ultraviolet B (UVB) model group receiving UVB irradiation for 60 seconds,GP group Ⅰ receiving topical GP treatment followed by UVB irradiation,GP group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical GP treatment,VitE group Ⅰ receiving topical VitE treatment followed by UVB irradiation,VitE group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical VitE treatment,matrix group Ⅰ receiving topical matrix treatment followed by UVB irradiation,matrix group Ⅱ receiving UVB irradiation followed by topical matrix treatment.UVB irradiation lasted 60 seconds at one time,and was given once every other day for 7 times to establish a skin model of photodamage.The interval between irradiation and topical treatment was 30 minutes in all the groups except the control group and UVB model group.After the last treatment,mice were sacrificed.Western blot was performed to measure the protein expressions of inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK),p38MAPK as well as phosphorylated p38MAPK (pp38) in skin tissue from the mice.Results No expressions of IκB or IKK were observed in the blank control group.The expression level of IκB was 0.40 ± 0.07 in UVB model group,significantly lower than that in GP group Ⅰ (1.63 ± 0.85,P ＜ 0.05) and GP group Ⅱ (0.90 ± 0.40,P ＜ 0.05),whereas the level of IKK protein was higher in UVB model group than in the GP group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (2.01 ± 1.75vs.0.23 ± 0.12 and 0.45 ± 0.29,both P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of IκB or IKK proteins between the GP group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,VitE group Ⅰ and Ⅱ or in the expression of p38MAPK between the 8 groups.The phosphorylated p38MAPK expression in UVB model group was significantly higher than that in GP group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (0.835 ± 0.049 vs.0.425 ± 0.054 and 0.571 ± 0.090,both P＜ 0.05),but similar to that in VitE groups.Conclusions UVB can activate NF-κB and phosphorylated p38MAPK signaling pathways; GP 1.5％ cream can inhibit UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways,which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against inflammation and photodamage.

Aim To study the effect of naftopidil(Naf) on noradrenalin(NA)-induced proliferation of rats vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs),and explore its mechanisms. Methods The cultured VSMCs was induced to proliferate by NA,and effects of Naf on the VSMCs proliferation was tested by MTT assay and cell counting method respectively. The intra-cellular calcium concentration is investigated by fluorimetry,and the expressions of c-myc,c-fos and hypertension related gene-1(HRG-1) mRNA were tested by Real-Time RT-PCR. Results The proliferation of VSMCs induced by NA was inhibited by Naf(10-7~10-6mol?L-1),which diminished clearly VSMCs [Ca2+]i and decreased mRNA expressions of c-myc,c-fos and increased the expression of HRG-1 mRNA. Conclusions Proliferation of VSMCs induced by NA can be inhibited clearly by Naf. The mechanisms may be related to diminishing [Ca2+]i,antagonizing the up-regulation of c-myc and c-fos mRNA expressions by NA and antagonizing the down-regulation of HRG-1 mRNA expression.

Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; pathology

Objective To investigate the characteristic of regional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the brain of adolescents with online game addiction during the resting state.Methods The ALFF method was employed to explore the local features of spontaneous brain activity in adolescents with online game addiction (n =26) and healthy controls (n =23) during resting-state by Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit.Results Compared with healthy controls,adolescents with online game addiction showed increased ALFF values in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),left middle cingulate cortex (MCC),bilateral caudate,right pallidum,bilateral parahippocampal gyrus,and right insula.It was noteworthy that the ALFF values of the right caudate (r =0.4437,P =0.0232) and right parabippocampal gyrus (r =0.5227,P =0.0062) were positively correlated with the duration of online game addiction.Conclusion The abnormal spontaneous neuronal activity properties during the resting state were revealed in the brain regions of adolescents with online game addiction.And the abnormalities may become more significant as the disease progresses.

Aim To observe effects of Seabuckthorn fatty acids on old rat ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and fas,then discuss the adjustive effect of Seabuckthorn fatty acids on ovarian function of menopause.Methods 22 months old rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,estrogen control group,old control group,Seabuckthorn fatty acids group of high dose,middle dose and low dose.In addition,one young control group was made up of 3 months old rats.Rat ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The expression of protein bcl-2 and protein fas were detected by immunohistochemistry,and bcl-2 mRNA and fas mRNA by in situ hybridization(ISH).Grey analyse was done using Q550CW image analyse system.Results Compared with the old rats control group,Seabuckthorn fatty acids of high dose,middle dose and low dose can differently restrain rat ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,enhance the expression of protein bcl-2 and bcl-2 mRNA,weakened the expression of protein fas and fas mRNA.Conclusion Seabuckthorn fatty acids restrains ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis through adjusting the expression of bcl-2 and fas.Sequentially,it adjusts estrogen level and treats menopause syndrome.