AIM To study the preparation and stability of sinomenine liposomes. METHODS Taking entrapment efficiency as index, different preparation methods, including thin film dispersion, reverse-phase evaporation, and aether injection were optimized. The leakage rate, the uptake rate and the storage temperature of the liposomes were studied at the same time. RESULTS The entrapment efficiency of reverse-phase evaporation was the lowest as 48.93 % . The entrapment efficiency of thin film dispersion and aether injection were near, as 68.91 T《B》 % and 66.57 % , respectively. CONCLUSION Thin film dispersion has higher entrapment efficiency and low command to the equipment. So it is suitable for the production of sinomenine liposomes on a large scale.

Objective To study the characteristic of in-vivo nasal mucosa absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate(TMPP) liposome in rats. Methods Nasal circulatory perfusion method in rats was used to study the effects of different circulatory rates and TMPP concentrations on nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome. Nasal mucosa absorption rate constants of TMPP liposomes and TMPP solutions at the same concentration were also compared. Results The absorption rate constant of TMPP liposomes was increased with the increase of circulatory rates at the range of 1.2～2.4 mL/min and with the increase of TMPP concentrations at the range of 0.245～0.98 mg/mL. Both the absorption rate constant and absorbed amount of TMPP for TMPP liposomes were higher than those for TMPP solutions at the same concentration. Conclusion The nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome was complete as compared with that of TMPP solution.

Objective To evaluate the rat brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) after intranasal administration.Methods The pharmacokinetic behavior of TMPP in rat brain was investigated after intranasal or intravenous administration (10mg?kg-1) of TMPP.Brain samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis.The concentration of TMPP in the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software.Results The results showed that two administration methods were all fitted to one compartment model.The absorption of TMPP from the nasal cavity to brain was rapid.The concentration-time curve showed a prolonged duration of TMPP concentration in the brain after intranasal administration.AUC0-∞values were (698.26?122.59)?g?min?mL-1 in intranasal group and (446.25?107.44)?g?min?mL-1 in intravenous group,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P

Objective To establish a method for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS).Methods Wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.Results In the selected experimental conditions, the recovery rates of these elements were 98.5%-103.0% and the coefficient of variation was 1.13%-2.36%.The detection limits were 0.40 ?g/L for Fe, 0.08 ?g/L for Cu, 0.20 ?g/L for Zn, 0.14 ?g/L for Mn.The linear range was 0.00-2.00 mg/L.Conclusion FAAS is simple, fast, accurate for the determination of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn in the pollen.

OBJECTIVE： To observe the therapeutic effects of 0.3％ levofloxacin eyedrops on the acute bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis.METHODS： The patients were randomly divided into treated group and control group.They were given 0.3％ levofloxacin and 0.3％ ofloxacin eyedrops respectively.The effects were compared between two groups.RESULTS： From April 1998 to December 1998， 132 cases were enrolled in the study： treated group 67 cases， control group 65 cases.The positive rates of bacterial culture were over 80％ in both groups.It showed that there was no significant difference between two eyedrops in the curative and effective rates， but the mean cure day of keratitis in levofloxacin group was significantly shorter than that in ofloxacin group.CONCLUSION： Levofloxacin eyedrops is effective and safe in treating bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis， and the therapeutic course is short and no obvious ARDs occur.

Objective To investigate the early nursing intervention on recovery of upper limb edema after radical mastectomy, and subjective comfort of patients and satisfaction degree with the service quality of nursing staff. Methods 70 patients according to different methods of nursing intervention were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 35 patients in each group. The observation group was given comprehensive care, including psychological care, raising affected limb, strengthen the training arm function, conducting various forms of aerobic motion, pressure gloves and massage, hot packs, physical therapy, the use of elastic bandages, guidance and other aspects of hospital care. The control group only received routine care. The nursing effect, subjective comfort degree, satisfaction degree with the service quality, time of edema alleviation and disappearance and hospitalization time of two groups were compared. Results Compared with the control group, nursing effect of the observation group was better,subjective comfort of patients and the satisfaction degree with the quality of service significantly improved,and the time of edema alleviation and hospitalization time was significantly shorter, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Early implementation of nursing interventions for patients with limb swelling after radical operation of breast cancer can improve patients satisfaction degree, promote the recovery of upper limb edema, reduce hospital stay.

Objective:To provide reference for clinical pharmacists participating in the therapy of idiopathic membranous nephrop-athy patients. Methods:The drug use in 3 cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy participated by clinical pharmacists was ana-lyzed. Results:When idiopathic membranous nephropathy was treated with glucocorticoid combined with tacrolimus, it was necessary to master the drug selection, dose and blood concentration of the drugs, course and time of the treatment and adverse reactions etc. In addition, the effectiveness and safety should be unified. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should pay close attention to the rational drug use, compliance of patients and adverse reactions through participating in the therapy of idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the role of glutaredoxin1(Grx1)on high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells was cultured and induced with different dose of glucose and Grx1.We divided the cells into three groups:cell control group,damage group(high glucose group),pretreatment with Grx1 group(Grx1+ high glucose group).The morphological changes of the cells were observed by light microscope.The proliferation of cell was measured by MTT assay.The morphon of cell nucleolus of endothelial cell was observed in a fluorescence microscope by Hoechst 33258 stain and the influences of Grx1 on the apoptosis were determined by the immunofluorescent of Annexin V-FITC/PI with flow cytometer.Results Under the light microscope Grx1 ameliorated cells condition and restore the structure of organelle compared with damage group.Grx1 prevented the inhibitory effect on cell viability induced by high glucose;Hoechst33258 stains suggested Grx1 protect the cells nucleolus against high glucose-induced apoptosis.The analysis of Grx1 can restrain apoptosis rate of endothelial cell significantly.Conclusion Grx1 can obviously protect human umbilicus vein endothelial cells from apoptosis damages induced by high glucose.

Objective To detect the in-vitro recovery of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) in microdialysis probe and to study its stability. Methods The recovery of TMPP was detected by concentration difference method (increment method and decrement method ). The effect of flow rates and concentrations on recovery was studied. Results The recovery detected by increment method was as the same as that detected by decrement method; TMPP recovery was independent of TMPP concentration in the external medium. TMPP recovery had good stability. Conclusion Microdialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of TMPP and decrement method (ie. retrodialysis) can be used for the determination of TMPP recovery.