Raman spectroscopy is an optical technology based on the theory of Raman scattering, which is generally used in the research of medical and biological science. Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect the molecular structures and components of proteins, lipids, DNA, and other biological molecules, and provide substantial information about molecules. Thus, Raman spectroscopy is generally considered a "molecular fingerprint", and it has exceptional advantages in medical research. Moreover, this technique can reflect the changes in molecular structures and detect the alterations of chemical constituents in the samples. Raman spectroscopy, given its high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of the biological samples, has been successfully used to detect and diagnose diseases in numerous sites, such as skin, oral mucosa, breast, head, and neck. In this paper, we introduce the application of Raman spectroscopy in stomatology by conducting a review of the literature.
DNA ; Lipids ; Oral Medicine ; Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo and the trend of the utilization of the oral stasis-eliminating Chinese patent medicine in our hospital in order to provide scientific basis for rational use of this medicine.METHODS:The consumption amount and consumption sum of the oral stasis-eliminating Chinese patent medicine in our hospital during 2006-2008 were reviewed in respect of the DDDs and DDC using DDDs ranking method.RESULTS:During 2006～2008,the consumption amount of the oral stasis-eliminating Chinese patent medicine in our hospital had a steady increase,and the DDDs showed a good synchronism.CONCLUSION:The use of stasis-eliminating Chinese patent medicine is rational in our hospital.

Objective To evaluate the application of Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)in preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer and staging. Method 78patients were assigned to EUS and gastroscope examination before operation,the staging result were compared with pathological staging result. Result Compared with pathological staging,the accurate rate of EUS in T staging and N staging before gastric cancer was 85.9% and 80.77%. Conclusion EUS can be used in judgment of gastric cancer staging accurately,may be of significance in the decision of operation plan.

Objective The double-cavity balloon oppressor surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has been utilized in past decades. But we have not yet a domestic device available. Present study was to investigate the effectiveness of double-cavity balloon oppressor using a domestic device in primary RRD surgery. Methods This clinical trial was a prospective study. Total 74 cases of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD) (74 eyes) were enrolled. Double-cavity balloon oppressor surgery was performed in 40 eyes of 40 patients, and conventional segmental scleral buckling surgery was used in 34 eyes of 34 patients. The mean operative time, retinal attachment rate, vision and astigmatism change after operation between two different operative fashions were compared. The intra- and post-operative complication was discussed. The mean follow-up period was 4. 5 months. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients before clinical trial. Results The retinal anatomic attachment rate was 92. 5% (37/40) in balloon oppressor surgery group and 91. 1% (31/34) in conventional surgery group, and there were no significant difference in retinal attachment rate among PVR grade A, B and C1 (P ＞0. 05) . The postoperative best corrected visual acuity (operative 3 months) was improved in 29 eyes(72. 5%) after balloon oppressor surgery and 25 eyes(73. 5%) after conventional surgery, showing insignificant difference between them (P ＞ 0. 05) . The mean surgical time was about (27. 00 ±8. 60) minutes in balloon oppressor surgery group and (47. 00 ± 14. 30) minutes in conventional surgery group(t =7. 41, P ＜0. 01) . Cylinder diopter change after surgery was insignificantly different between before and after operation in balloon oppressor surgery group (0. 52 ± 0. 30 D vs 0. 81 ± 0. 41 D, P ＞ 0. 05), however, there was a significant difference in cylinder diopter change between preoperation and postoperation (0. 65 ± 0. 32 D vs 1. 83 ± 0. 69 D, P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion Double-cavity balloon oppressor surgery for RRD is accurate and reliable. This operation procedure offer an economic, efficient and convenient choice for treatment of RRD.

Objective　To construct an anti-LPS single chain phage antibody library in mice for further biomedical works. Methods　Total RNA was extracted from splenic cells for reverse transcription after BALB/C mice had been immunized with pure LPS for 4 weeks. The designed primers were used to amplify the variable region genes of both heavy and light chain (VH,VL) with polymerase chain reaction. The VH and VL were then conjugated to form a single chain of variable fragment (ScFv) by a linker. The ScFv was cut by NotⅠ and SfiⅠ and then ligated into a pCANTAB5E phagemid vector which was digested with the same restriction enzymes. The ligated vector was then tranfected into the competent E.coli TG1 cells. Four TG1 clones were randomly selected to detect the exotic DNA. Results　The titer of anti-LPS in murine sera was 1∶12 800. The concentration of total RNA was 12.3813 μg/ml. The length of the fragments were 340 bp for VH, 320 bp for VL and 800 bp for ScFv respectively. 1.9×107 clones were grown after transfection and one from the four randomly selected clones was identified to contain the exotic DNA. Conclusion　A 4.75×106 murine anti-LPS single chain phage antibody library was successfully constructed.

Objective A novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) pituitrin efficacy component content analysis method was explored, and the method is conformed to the requirements of the pharmaceutical production enterprise testing standard. Methods The reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18(250mm×4.6mm, 5 μm) (P/N 993967-902/ 5063-6600) Column, the column temperature was 25℃, the wavelength of detector was set at 220 nm, flow rate was 1.2 mL/min, 50% Acetonitrile- 0.13mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution was used as mobile phase for gradient elution. 20 μL sample solution was injected in each perform. Results The content of oxytocin and vasopressin as pituitrin efficacy components were analyzed by this method with advantage of simple and easy operation, good reliability and high precision. Different biological extraction technology process A and B was used on pituitrin injection production, the content of medicinal ingredients in the product: oxytocin and vasopressin is slightly different, but concentration level is different, which process B concentration is higher than that of A. Conclusion In this study, an effective determination the levels of oxytocin and vasopressin in pituitrin API method was established for a pharmaceutical production enterprise, can provide API pituitrin purification process control. Relevant technical information can be provided in the above, which worked on the biological API pituitrin research and development.

Objective To investigate and analyze clinical researchers' knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) regarding ethical review and its correlation with KAP,which could provide foundation information for developing ethical review education programs for clinical researchers in future.Methods The random sampling method was used to stratify for different group by professional titles.Total 277 clinical researchers in a top class hospital in Beijing were investigated using self-developed questionnaire.The collected data was analyzed by SPSS software.Results The average scores of clinical researchers' knowledge,attitude and practice about ethical review are 69.05,80.86,and 67.80 respectively.The correlation coefficient of knowledge and attitudes is 0.222 (P＜0.05),the correlation coefficient of knowledge and practice is 0.544 (P＜0.05),and the correlation coefficient of practice and attitudes is 0.351 (P＜0.05).Conclusions Clinical researchers' knowledge about ethical review were at a relatively low level.And their practice about ethical review were not good enough.But their attitude towards learning ethical review was relatively good.It has suggested that more education and training programs on ethical review should be implemented for clinical investigators to improve their ethical literacy.

Objective:To observe the changes in the anterior chamber before and after cataract surgery by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma. Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used for anterior chamber imaging in 78 eyes of 50 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma before and 1 month after cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. And the intraocular pressures were recorded at the same time. Results: UBM allowed the imaging of the entire anterior eye segment. In the images, the differences between iris thickness (IT), iris zonule distance (IZD) and iris lens angle (?2) before and after the operation were statistically insignificant. After the operation, marked increases were observed in the anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 500 ?m from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular iris angle (?1) and trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD), with statistically very significant differences from preoperation (P

This paper was aimed to explore the relationship between different commercial specification and chemical constituents on Radix Rehmanni,which provided experimental evidences for drawing up the commodity commercial specification and grading criteria of Radix Rehmanni.Several classified indexes,including grade,surface color,section color,section texture were carried to explore the change rules of chemical constituents by setting the contents of iridoid glycoside,sugars,water content,total ashes,acid-insoluble ashes and water extract as the markers.The results showed that the grade,surface color and section texture had less impact on chemical constituents.However,the section color had more influence.Along with the section color gradually being deepened,the contents of iridoid glycoside and oligosaccharides of Radix Rehmanni were lower,and the contents of monosaccharide and polysaccharide were higher.It was concluded that there was correlation between commercial specification and chemical constituents of Radix Rehmanni.

Objective To study the relationship of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),homocysteine (Hcy) and blood pressure variability in elderly patients with essential hypertension.Methods As the total coefficient of variation of 24-hour systolic blood pressure variability(BPsVC),the patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups:the high-BPsVC group(n =72 cases) and the low-BPsVC group(n =48 cases).The hs-CRP and Hcy in serum in patients were detected.Results The hs-CRP were (2.52 ± 0.78) mg/L in the high-BPsVC group and (1.59 ± 0.61) mg/L in the low-BPsVC group.There was a significant difference (t =0.2766,P ＜ 0.05).The Hcy were(15.6 ±6.2) μmol/L in the high-BPsVC group and(13.7 ± 5.9) μmol/L in the low-BPsVC group.There was a significant difference(t =0.3742,P ＜ 0.05).Condusion There was a close relationship between hsCRP,Hcy and blood pressure variability in elderly patients with essential hypertension.