This paper reviews the research progress in relations between indoor air pollution and human health for the last 20 years,and focuses on: the studies on environmental risk assessment methods; the major health effects caused by indoor air pollution; the minor and limited health effects caused by indoor air pollution; other key issues concerned.

Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases characterized by a clinical relapsing-remitting behavior. The evaluation of disease activity is concerned by clinicians all the time. With the evolving in recognition of the pathogenesis of IBD,many novel biomarkers are emerging in recent years. This article reviewed advances in the accepted and ongoing research fecal markers of IBD.

Objective To observe the expression of IGF-1 in the peri-hematomal brain region of Intracerebral Hemorrhage(ICH) patients,and to investigate the relationship among IGF-1,excessive and depletion syndrome of stroke.Methods 28 patients were evenly and randomly recruited into 3groups:Yin excessive group,Yang excessive group and depletion group.Additional 6 persons of normal death within 3 hours were taken their brain tissue.The IGF-1 expression was detected with Western blotting method.The correlation among the expression of IGF-1,excessive and depletion syndromes were observed.Results The expression of IGF-1 in the peri-hematomal brain region of ICH patients significantly increased in comparison with the normal control group (P=0.00).The expression of IGF-1 was significantly different among Yang excessive,Yin excessive and the depletion syndromes [ (0.696±0.111)、(1.151 ±0.185)、(1.697±0.108),P＜0.01],with the expression of IGF-1 of depletion syndrome ranked the highest,followed by Yin excessive and Yang excessive syndrome.Conclusion The expression of IGF-1 could reflect the degree of brain impairment.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)in the treatment of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and its influence on pregnancy outcome.Methods 62 women with CIN who underwent LEEP were selected as treatment group,and 63 women with CIN who did not undergo LEEP in the same period were selected as control group.Then the curative effect and the pregnancy outcome were observed.Results The total effective rate was 93.65％ in the treatment group and 76.19％ in the control group,the difference was significant (x2 =7.034,P ＜ 0.01).The operation blood loss,operation time and the day of colporrhagia after operation in the treatment group were less than those in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the gestational age,incidence rates of abortion and cesarean section between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05),while there were significant difference in the incidences of preterm delivery,premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight infant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LEEP is an effective treatment for patients with CIN,which can increase the incidence rates of preterm delivery,premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight infant,but not increase the gestational age,incidence rates of abortion and cesarean section.

Objective To increase the appreciation of manifestations in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and to decrease misdiagnosis rate by investigating the clinical characteristics of AIP. Methods Clinical data were collected and laboratory ,imaging and histopathology were analyzed from the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 1995 to 2009. Patients with AIP were included in the study. Results Eight patients (male 6, female 2) aged 35-69 (52.4 ±9.4) years were diagnosed as AIP from 2006 to 2009. The main clinical manifestations include intermittent jaundice in 6 cases (6/8), abdominal pain in 5 cases (5/8),weight loss in 4 cases (4/8), and accompanied with other diseases of immune system in 4 cases (4/8).The imaging showed head of pancreas enlargement in 3 cases (3/8) and whole pancreas enlargement in 5 cases (5/8). There is a "banana-peel like" ring around the pancreas and irregular stenosis of pancreatic duct. Massive lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and parenchymal fibrosis were shown in pancreatic tissues, bile duct,salivary gland and liver in pathology. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and images in 7 cases (7/8) were improved after treatment with prednisone. Twenty-two of them were misdiagnosed as pancreatic or biliary carcinoma and 21 were performed laparotomy in the period of 1995-2005 ( 23 cases). After 2006, however, the misdiagnosis rate significantly decreased from 95.7% ( 22/23 ) to 0. Conclusions AIP seems to be a systemic autoimmune disease rather than an isolated disorder,markedly overlapping with other autoimmune diseases. Definitive diagnosis can be improved by the detection of immune parameters and pathological examination.

To clarify the difference between benign and malignant tumours of tongue on the PC-NA expression and AgNOR c0unts. Methods: Immunohistochemical and AgNOR stainings were carriedout to detect the PCNA expressi0n and to count AgNOR particles in 14 cases of papillomas and 36 cases ofsquamous cell carcinomas of tongue. Results: The positive index(PI) of PCNA was 7. 15 ? 1. 32 in papillo-mas and 24. 28? 2. 47 in squamous cell carcinomas, and there was a significant difference between them. Asignificant difference between low 19. 45? 15. 88, medium 22. 5 ?18. 79 and high grade carcin0mas 65. 3 ?17. 39 was also observed. The AgNOR counts were higher in squamous cell carcinomas 4. 76 ?1. 59 than inpapillomas 2. 16 ? 0. 33. There was no difference of AgNOR counts in high, medium and low grade ofsquamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion:The PCNA expression and AgNOR counts may be related to activi-ty of cell proliferation and be helpful for differentiating benign from malignant tumours of tongue. In addi-tion, the former may be helpful for grading malignancy.

Objective To investigate the effect of gene GCRG213 transfection (sense, anti-sense) on growth of gastric cancer cell MKN45. Methods The sense and anti-sense fragment of GCRG213 were obtained by PCR. They were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+). The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-a, pcDNA3.1-b and the vector pcDNA3.1 were transfected separately into MKN45 cells conducted by lipofectamine~ TM 2000. Expression of GCRG213 was assessed with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot. The growth graph was plotted by the methods of cell counting of three steady transfected cells. FACS was used to determine the cell cycle, and Annexin V FITC/PI bi-labeling method was used to determine the cell apoptosis. Results By sequencing, sense GCRG213 and anti-sense GCRG213 were proved to be successfully cloned into pcDNA3.1. Transfecting the sense vector (pcDNA3.1-a) into the MKN45 significantly increased the expression of GCRG213, both in mRNA level and protein level. Transfecting the anti-sense vector (pcDNA3.1-b) into the MKN45 significantly decreased the expression of GCRG213, both in mRNA level and protein level. The growth of pcDNA3.1-a transfected cells was faster than that of vector transfected cells, and the cell apoptosis decreased. But the growth of pcDNA3.1-b transfected cells was slower in multiplication than that of vector transfected cells, and the cell apoptosis was increased. Conclusion Stable transfection showed that GCRG213 promoted cell to grow, inhibited the cell apoptosis. GCRG213 might be a new promoter to tumor.

The function of metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluRs) in stress response was increasingly gaining recognition. The mGluRs can regulate the level of glucocorticoid(GC), the neurotoxin of glutamate and synaptic plasticity (LTP,LTD). So it may play an important role in stress response. The function of distinct type of mGluRs is different. Their mechanisms in stress response are very complex. So it is very essential to study the function of mGluRs in stress. Furthermore we can explore a new type drug targeting at mGluRs to cure the stress damage.-

Objective To diagnose retinal detachment with International Classification of Diseases10 (ICD-10) and to analyze the surgical modalities of vitrectomy for the disease.Methods The clinical data of 1 648 hospitalized patients with retinal detachment undergoing vitrectomy in our hospital in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The ICD etiological classification showed that primary retinal detachment accounted for 50.18％ (827/1 648),tractional retinal detachment accounted for 32.52％ (536/1 648),exudative retinal detachment accounted for 0.61％ (10/1 648)and other types accounted for 16.69％ (275/ 1 648).The top 5 common etiological diagnoses were simple rhegrnatogenous retinal detachment (25.73％,424/1 648),diabetic tractional retinal detachment (12.62％,208/1 648),traumatic retinal detachment (12.08％,199/1 648),other primary retinal detachment (11.23％,185/1 648) and retinal detachment after intraocular surgery (10.62％,175/1 648).The top 4 modalities of vitrectomy were combined silicone oil implanting surgery (54.73％,902/1 648),basic vitrectomy (21.97％,362/1 648),combined silicone oil and lenticular surgery (14.38％,237/1 648) and combined lenticular surgery (5.58％,92/1 648).Conclusions Modern vitrectomy is used mainly for the treatment of primary retinal detachment and the treatment of retinal detachment related to diabetes,ocular trauma and intraocular surgeries.The complexity of various retinal detachment diseases requires different surgical modalities of vitrectomy for treatment.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in reduction of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia by electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli in rats with incisional pain.Methods Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, in which the intrathecal catheter was successfully placed without complications, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), remifentanil + incisional pain group (group RI), EA at acupoint group (group E) , EA at non-acupoint group (group NE), and 1/2 ERK inhibitor U0126 + EA at acupoint group (group UE).Normal saline 0.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1 was infused intravenously for 60 min in group C.In RI, E, NE and UE groups, after the model of incisional pain was established, remifentanil 1.0 μg · kg-1 · min-1 was infused for 60 min, and in addition, EA (intensity 10 mA, frequency 4 Hz) of Zusanli lasting for 60 min was performed at the same time in E and UE groups, and EA was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the acupoints of Zusanli on the operated side simultaneously in group NE.ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 5 μg (in 5％ dimethyl sulfoxide 10 μl) was injected intrathecally in group UE, and 5％ dimethyl sulfoxide 10 μl was injected intrathecally in the other groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured before remifentanil or normal saline infusion (T1) , and at 2 h, 1, and 2 days after the end of infusion (T2-4).After MWT was measured at T4, the expression of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in spinal cord dorsal horns was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased at T2-4 in RI, E, NE and UE groups, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was up-regulated in RI, E and NE groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group RI, the MWT was significantly increased at T2-4 , and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in E and UE groups (P＜0.05);and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NE (P＞0.05).Compared with group E, the MWT was significantly increased at T2-4, and the expression of p-ERK 1/2 was down-regulated in group UE (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechaism by which EA at Zusanli reduces hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in rats with incisional pain is related to inhibited activation of ERK signaling pathway in the spinal cord.