BACKGROUND:No uniform standard for constructing the animal model of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia injury results in the incomparability among research results and impedes the development of sport medicine especial y in the cardiovascular field;thereby, it is imperative to reach an agreement in constructing criteria.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the method of establishing the rat model of myocardial ischemia induced by running.
METHODS:Total y 96 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into rest control group, isoprenaline group and 10 exercise groups (1-and 3-time moderate-intensity exercise groups, 1-, 2-and 3-week moderate-intensity exercise groups, 1-and 3-time high-intensity exercise groups, 1-, 2-and 3-week high-intensity exercise groups). After exhaustive exercise, myocardium was col ected for morphological observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining, serum levels of myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin I were detected, and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the damage degree was more severe with the time of exercise, and the high-intensity exercise groups were more severe than those in the moderate-intensity exercise groups. (2) The activity of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase was significantly increased after 1-week moderate-intensity exhaustive exercise (P<0.05 or P<0.01). From the beginning of the 3-time high-intensity exhaustive exercise, the activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) Cardiac troponin I content change trend was basical y the same as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase changes, but cardiac troponin I content in the moderate-intensity exhaustive exercise groups was significantly higher than that in the rest control group until 2 weeks. The Bcl-2/Bax ratios in al exercise groups were significantly lower than that in the rest control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01);those in the 1-and 3-time high-intensity exercise groups were significantly higher than in the isoprenaline group (P<0.05 or P<0.01);and those in moderate-intensity groups were higher than in the isoprenaline group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (4) In conclusion, 2-week high-intensity and 3-week moderate-intensity exhaustive exercise can induce myocardial ischemia injury, and pathological analysis, serum levels of myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin I can be used as the evaluation indexes, while apoptosis regulation genes just as the reference index.

Objective To explore the difference involved in the activation of inflammation pathway and the plasma level of inflammatory factors in the subjects with different sorts of insulin sensitivity. Methods The study was carried out in 38 women, consisting of obesity (n = 22 ) and control (n = 16 ) groups according to body mass index. The insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (II-6) and IL-1β were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Western blot analysis was used to examine total protein expression and phosphorylation levels of IκB kinase (IKK) ,inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB ( IκB ) in peripheral blood leukcocytes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)was used to detect the binding activity of NFκB. Results The levels of fasting plasma insulin[62.2 ( 20.0-127. 0) pmol/L vs 19. 15 ( 14. 2-47. 8 ) pmol/L, P<0. 01], HOMA-IR[2. 32 ( 0. 76-5.49 ) vs 0.70(0.53-1.7),P<0.0l], HbA1 C[(5.42±0. 45 ) % vs ( 5.08 ±0. 38) %, P<0. 05], triglyceride[( 1.75 ±0. 68 vs 1.22 ±0. 58 )mmol/L, P<0. 05], plasma IL-6[3. 15 (0. 03-22. 2) pg/ml vs 1.26 (0. 74-6.06 ) pg/ml, P<0. 01], and IL-1 β[6. 53 ( 0. 84-36 ) pg/ml vs 3. 16( 1.48-8. 86 ) pg/ml, P<0. 01]in obesity group were significantly higher than those in control group. Compared with control group, the levels of IKKo, IKKβ expression and IκBα serine phosphorylation in obesity group were markedly increased, while the expression of IκBα was significantly reduced. Accompanied with the degradation of IκBα protein, the binding activity of NFκB in obesity group was significantly increased. Conclusions The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly raised in obesity group. The activation of IKK-IκB-NFκB pathway is closely associated with the genesis and development of insulin resistance in obese subjects.

Objective To evaluate the association between isotretinoin pharmacokinetic parameters and CYP2B6 (cytochrome p-450) gene polymorphisms. Methods Blood samples were collected at different time points from 21 healthy male volunteers who received a single 40-rng oral dose of isotretinoin. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for the quantification of isotretinoin in plasma samples which were standardized by dosage and body weight. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were performed to detect the G516T mutation in exon 4 as well as A785G mutation in exon 5 of CYP2B6 gene in these subjects. Results There was an obvious genetic linkage imbalance in exon 4 and 5 of CYP2B6 gene among these volunteers. In the case of CYP2B6*4 allele,3 (14.29%) people were CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes, 6 (28.57%) CYP2B6*1/*4 heterozygotes, and 12 (57.14%) CYP2B6*1/*1 wild-type homogygotes, while as far as CYP2B6*6 allele was concerned, 3 (14.29%)people were CYP2B6*6/*6 homozygotes, 5 (23.81%) CYP2B6*1/*6 heterozygotes, and 13 (61.90%)CYP2B6*1/*1 wild-type homozygotes. The reaction half-time (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) of isotretinoin were longer in volunteers carrying wild-type CYP2B6*4 allele than those of CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes (both P ＜ 0.05 ), while no significant difference was observed in maximum concentration (Cmax), peak time (Tmax) or area under the plasma concentration time (AUC) between the two groups of volunteers. There was no statistical difference in any of the above parameters between subjects carrying wild type CYP2B6*6 allele and those of CYP2B6 *6/*6 homozygotes (all P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions The mutation of CYP2B6*4 allele ia relevant to the metabolism of isotretinoin, which seems to be more rapid in CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes.

Objective To study the mechanism by which a high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic field (HIPEMF) (0.1 Hz,4 T,8 pulses) facilitates the proliferation of neural stem cells by detecting the expression of β-catenin genes and protein.Methods Neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal rats and cultured in supplemented,serum-free medium for two weeks.The NSCs were then divided into an experimental group exposed to a HIPEMF for 8 pulses and a control group given sham stimulation.The gene and prorein expression of β-catenin in the NSCs were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting on the 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day after the stimulation.Results The NSCs' cloned spheres were round and translucent,and showed red fluorescence after staining with anti-nestin (cy3).The RT-PCR results showed β-catenin genes were highly expressed in the exposed group (significantly more than in the controls).The Western blotting showed that expression of β-catenin protein was also higher in the experimental group,especially at the 7th day after stimulation,a difference which was also statistically significant Conclusion HIPEMF at 0.1 Hz,4 T,in 8 pulse trains can promote NSC proliferation,perhaps through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Medicinal plants of the Fructus Amomi containing three species (A momum villosum, A momum longiligu-lare, Amomum villosum var. xanthioides)are well-known, which are widely used as traditional medicines. The mor-phological characteristics of the three origins are very similar, especially in the form of seed. In this study, 60 sam-ples of Fructus Amomi were co llected, and 34 sequences of the Fructus Amomi and their adulterants from GenBank were analyzed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. All the ITS2 sequences here (including our ex-periments and GenBank data)were examined for SNPs at the interspecies level. Results from the study revealed that two stable bases at position 135 bp and 199 bp were found, which could be used as a unique marker to distinguish the three origins of Fructus Amomi. The two SNPs in the ITS2 were found to exist stably between the three species, and all the GenBank sequences of the Fructus Amomi. Our findings indicated that SNP-based DNA barcoding could be used as an efficient method for the rapid and accurate identification of the three origins of Fructus Amomi.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of nosocomial infections in the patients treated in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods The incidence of nosocomial infections was monitored in ICU from March 2012 to August 2012.The incidence rate of infection was adjusted with Average Severity of Illness Score (ASIS)score and analyzed in relation to three invasive pro-cedures.Pathogen distribution of nosocomial infections in ICU was also analyzed.Results Nosocomial infection was identified in 357 of the 3 700 ICU patients (9.65%).The overall daily infection rate was 30.34‰,specifically,49.10‰ for ventilator asso-ciated pneumonia (VAP),13.86‰ for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI),and 1.09‰ for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).Of the 688 bacterial isolates,gram negative bacteria accounted for 82.70%.The top three bacterial species were Acinetobacter baumanii ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae .Conclusions ICU is the focus for surveillance of nosocomial infections.Objective investigation is critical for nosocomial infection surveillance.

Objective: To study the effects of total flavonoids of Astragalus on apoptosis of bovine retinal capillary pericytes(BRPs) under high glucose.Methods: The third generation of nearly symphysic bovine retinal vessel pericytes cultivated in vitro were divided into normal control group,high glucose group,and Astragalus total flavonoids groups(0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 mg/ml) at random.After being incubated for 6 days,apoptosis of BRPs were detected by TUNEL method.TBA method was used to detect the contents of MDA.Xanthine oxidase method was used to detect the SOD activities.Results: Compared with high glucose group,the apoptosis,MDA contents,SOD activity,MDA content/SOD activity of BRPs reduced markedly in total flavonoids of Astragalus groups(0.5,1.0,2.0mg/ml)(P

Objective To observe the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma(PPAR-?)on phenotypic transforming of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)in hypertension.Methods Spontaneous hypertension rats(SHR)and WKY rats both aged 4 months were included.SHR rats as well as WKY rats were divided to be fed with normal chow,and chow added with rosiglitazone(10 mg?kg-1?d-1)for 16 weeks.VSMC were isolated from SHR rats and WKY rats and cultured by patch-attaching method,then respectively divided into 3 groups after treated with genetic recombination technology:normal VSMC,PPAR? overexpressed VSMC and PPAR? silenced VSMC.Expressions of OPN and ?-SMA,which respectively represent the undifferentiated and differentiated VSMC,were detected by Western blotting.Cell proliferation was determined by detecting DNA synthesis and cell counting.The changes of arteries were evaluated pathologically.Results Rosiglitazone decreased blood pressure and ameliorated vascular remodeling of aorta in SHR rats.Aorta of SHR showed an upregulation of OPN and downregulation of ?-SMA,which could be inhibited by rosiglitazone.VSMC from SHR rats showed an upregulation of OPN and downregulation of ?-SMA,and increased cell proliferation.These changes were all inhibited by rosiglitazone.In the cells that overexpressed PPAR?,the cell proliferation rate was lower,and the expressions of OPN and ?-SMA were depressed,compared with the corresponding control cells.Conclusion PPAR-? could inhibit the phenotypic transforming of VSMC,and this might be responsible for the amelioration of vascular remodeling in hypertension.

AIM:To establish a method for determing the entrapment efficiency(EE) of Nobiliside-A liposome. METHODS: Sephadex G-50 column filtration method and microcolumn centrifugation method were employed to separate the free drug and liposome. In order to select a better method to determine the entrapment efficiency of Nobiliside-A liposome. RESULTS: The two methods to determine the entrapment efficiency of the Nobiliside-A liposome got the similar results. CONCLUSION: In order to determine the entrapment efficiency of Nobiliside-A liposome conveniently and rapidly, we finally select microcolumn centrifugation method.

Objective To explore the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI)in patients in different levels of hospitals.Methods SSI among patients in 47 hospitals at 0:00-24:00 of May 16,2012 were investigated by medi-cal record reviewing,doctor inquiry,and bed-side visiting.Results A total of 5 977 surgical patients were investiga-ted,SSI prevalence rate was 1 .76%.SSI prevalence rate in secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =9.337,P =0.002);SSI prevalence rates in clean-contaminated and contaminated incision in secondary hospi-tals were both higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =4.315,8.129,both P <0.05);departments with high SSI preva-lence rates were general surgery,orthopedic,and neurosurgery;the major isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus ,and coagulase negative Staphylococcus .Conclusion SSI rates of different types of incision and different departments are varied,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.