Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases characterized by a clinical relapsing-remitting behavior. The evaluation of disease activity is concerned by clinicians all the time. With the evolving in recognition of the pathogenesis of IBD,many novel biomarkers are emerging in recent years. This article reviewed advances in the accepted and ongoing research fecal markers of IBD.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the way for the development of E-commerce in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises. METHODS:The successful experiences of American in developing E-commerce were studied,and problems for the develop-ment of E-commerce in China pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The development of E-commerce in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should count on information construction in enterprises,depend on the third party E-commerce transaction platform,focus on the service and actively develop the countryside market etc.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of topical corticosteroids injection and systemic application in the treatment of sudden hearing loss.Methods Total of 58 patients with sudden hearing loss were ran-domly divided into two groups.The systemic application group:dexamethasone (DEX)was applied by intravenous injection in dose of 10mg ×3d,followed by 5mg ×4d.And the postauricular injection group:methylprednisolone sodium succinate of 40mg was injected into cortical bone of mastoid region every three days,until hearing back to normal,or 15 days.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The total effective rate of systemic application group was 67.7%,the total effective rate of postauricular injection group was 64.7%.There was no statistical differ-ence between the two groups (χ2 =2.58,P =0.316).The recovery rate in cases with postauricular injection group was significantly increased in comparison with the systemic application group,but no statistical difference between the two groups(t =2.71,P =0.062).Patients with hearing loss in low frequencies(250Hz,500Hz),the recovery rate in cases with postauricular injection group was significantly increased in comparison with the systemic application group (t =3.82,P =0.031;t =3.26,P =0.042).Conclusion Postauricular topical injection and systemic application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of sudden hearing loss are all have good curative effect.Systemic application is select-ed by conventional treatment,and topical injection has a better effect in the hearing loss of low -middle frequencies.

Objective To evaluate the pathogenesis and disease progression by detecting the expression of Serum High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and TLR2 in monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Forty patients with SLE were selected randomly,20 patients were in active disease group and others were in stable disease group.The expression of HMGB1 in the serum of these cases were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TLR2 on CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by FCM.The correlation between these indexes and clinical,laboratory indexes about SLE were analyzed using one-way ANOVA,and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum was [(48.9±11.3) μg/L] in the active group,while that was [(14.8±1.9) μg/L] in the stable group was,and [(13.5±3.6) μg/L] in the control group.HMGB1 in the active SLE group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) when compared with that of the stable and control group.The expression of TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was [(96.7±1.3)％] in the active group,[(83.5±9.1)％] in the stable group,and [(83.3±9.9)％] in the control group TLR2 in the active SLE group was up-regulated when compared with the stable and control groups (P＞0.05).There were positive correlation between the serum levels of HMGB1and TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (r=0.551,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum and the expression of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may participate in the pathological processes of SLE.

Objective To investigate the effect of modified suture on the maternal skin healing, scar healing and satisfaction to cesarean section. Methods A total of 244 cases of cesarean section in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were randomly collected and divided into observation group (n=143) and control group (n=101). Patients in the observation group were treated with the modified suture method, and the control group was given the conventional method to suture the skin. The VAS score, suture time and complication rate were observed in the 2 groups. Results The VAS scores were significantly lower at one week and one month after operation (1.15±0.43 and 0.07±0.01, respectively) than those of the control group (1.40±0.51 and 0.13±0.03, respectively, P<0.05). The suture time were significantly shorter in the observation group (5.12±0.95) than those of control group (7.28±0.83, P<0.05). Postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in observation group (2.80%) than that of control group (9.90%, P<0.05). The comfort level to incision and satisfaction rate to scar were significantly higher (94.41% and 95.10%, respectively) than those of control group (83.17% and 87.13%, respectively). The average thickness of scars at day 90 and day 180 after operation were significantly less in the observation group [(2.14±0.32) mm and (3.08±1.02) mm, respectively] than those of the control group [(3.10±0.48) mm and (5.22±1.10) mm, respectively, P<0.05)]. Conclusion The improved suture method after cesarean section has the advantages of shorter suture time, less poor wound healing, higher maternal satisfaction rate.

Object To study the expression of miRNA-146a in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) patients and its effect on the inflammation in mouse models.Methods miRNA-146a expression in peripheral blood was determined in sepsisinduced ALI patients and healthy volunteers by qRT-PCR.Sepsis-induced ALI mouse model were reproduced by LPS treatment and miRNA-146a mimic,miRNA-146a NC and miRNA-146a inhibitors were injected through trachea.The expressions of miRNA-146a,TNF-α,IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR 24h after the intervention.Results The miRNA-146a expression in peripheral blood significantly increased in severe sepsis with ALI patients,compared with the control subjects.For mouse model,the expressions of TNF-o,IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA significantly decreased in miRNA-146a group,while increased in miRNA-146a inhibitor group compared with miRNA-146a NC group (P＜0.05).The TNF-α and IL-1β expressions significantly decreased in miRNA-146a inhibitor+COX-2 inhibitor group compared with miRNA-146a inhibitor group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-146a treatment can effectively alleviate the lung inflammation in sepsis-induced ALI mice.

Objective To explore the measure of the peri-operative care in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy with transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy.Methods Nursing measures and the effect of 3 patients who underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results All procedures were successfully completed.There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.All patients were cured and discharged.Conclusions For the patients receiving transvnginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy,good psychological care,adequate preoperative preparation,postoperative care,and health education can reduce postoperative complications and play an important role in the success of the operation.

Objective To establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of Shenshitong Granules. Methods The chromatographie fingerprints were obtained through Thermo Hypersil GOLD-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (0-20 min, 5%→10% acetonitrile;20-40 min, 10%→12%acetonitrile;40-60 min, 12%→14%acetonitrile;60-90 min, 14%→20%acetonitrile;90-120 min, 20%→28%acetonitrile). The detective wavelength was set at 280 nm;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃;the analysis time was 120 min. Results The HPLC characteristic chromatogram was built on basis of 10 batches of Shenshitong Granules, including 27 common peaks which contain the characteristic peaks of 6 Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Salvia Miltiorrhizae, Herba Lysimachiae, etc. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint has high sensitivity and good repeatability, and can be available for quality evaluation of Shenshitong Granules.

This study was aimed to observe the antipyresis and cholagogue effect of theFructus Gardeniae-Fructus Forsythiaeherb couple in order to explore the possible pharmacodynamic mechanism. Dry yeast suspension was subcutaneously injected into the back of rat to establish the fever model. The freeze-dried powders ofF. Gardeniae,F. Forsythiae, andF. Gardeniae-F. Forsythiaeherb couple were prepared. They were dissolved in the water for intragastric administration. SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive control group and Chinese medicine group. The Chinese medicine group was subdivided into the group ofF. Gardeniae,F. Forsythiae, andF. Gardeniae-F. Forsythiaeherb couple. The concentration of herbal water extract was 10 mL·kg-1 (which equaled to 3 g·kg-1 of a single crude herb). The concentration of positive control was 10 mL·kg-1. Intragastric administration of equal amount of normal saline was given to the blank group and the model group. Except rats in the normal group, rats in other groups were subcutaneously injected with 10 mL·kg-1 of 15% dry yeast suspension on the back of to establish the fever model. Electronic thermometer was used to record the body temperature of rats at 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after the injection, respectively. Meanwhile, bile was collected from 1-1, 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-12, 12-24 h, respectively. Observation was given on changes of body temperature and bile amount of rat. The results showed thatF. Gardeniae,F. Forsythiae, andF. Gardeniae- F. Forsythiaeherb couple had certain effect to reduce the body temperature of rats. The temperature-reducing effect of the combination of both herbs was better than a single herb. TheF. Gardeniae -F. Forsythiae herb couple can reduce the body temperature of fever rat (P < 0.05, orP < 0.01). It had a little effect on the body temperature of normal rat. TheF. Gardeniae - F. Forsythiaeherb couple can promote the bile secretion, which was better than the single using of F. Gardeniae (P < 0.05). It was concluded that theF. Gardeniae - F. Forsythiaeherb couple had better temperature-reducing effect than the using of a single herb; however, there was no significant difference. But it had obvious effect on the promotion of bile secretion, which indicated the strengthening of cholagogue effect.

Objective To investigate the utility of combined test of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein(CRP)for early diag-nosis of burn sepsis.Methods A prospective study was conducted in 76 hospitalized burn patients,including three groups:burn sepsis(n=27),local infection(n=31)and controls without bacterial infection (n=18)based on their diagnosis.Blood samples were collected within 24-48 h after hospital admission for analysis of neutrophil CD64,CRP,white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophils percentage (N)by flow cytometry,and bacterial culture.These parameters were re-evaluated for the patients in sepsis group 7 and 14 days after antibiotic therapy.Results Neutrophil CD64,CRP,WBC and N were significantly higher in sepsis patients than the corresponding values in the patients with local infection or control patients (P < 0.01 ).Neutrophil CD64 and CRP in the patients with local infection were significantly higher than those in the control patients without bacterial infection (P < 0.01).Neutrophil CD64 was positively correlated to CRP.Neutrophil CD64 and CRP decreased 7 days after an-tibiotic therapy,but the difference was not statistically significant compared to the pretreatment levels.Neutrophil CD64 and CRP decreased significantly 14 days after antibiotic therapy compared to the pretreatment levels (P < 0.01),but still higher than the levels in the control group.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve of CD64 + CRP combined test,CD64, CRP,WBC,N for detecting bacterial infection showed an area under curve (AUC)of 0.952,0.923,0.904,0.756 and 0.728,respectively.Conclusions Neutrophil CD64 is useful in early diagnosis of burn sepsis.The expression of neutrophil CD64 does not have significant difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections.Combined test of neutrophil CD64 and CRP can improve the efficiency for diagnosis of burn sepsis.