Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases characterized by a clinical relapsing-remitting behavior. The evaluation of disease activity is concerned by clinicians all the time. With the evolving in recognition of the pathogenesis of IBD,many novel biomarkers are emerging in recent years. This article reviewed advances in the accepted and ongoing research fecal markers of IBD.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the way for the development of E-commerce in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises. METHODS:The successful experiences of American in developing E-commerce were studied,and problems for the develop-ment of E-commerce in China pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The development of E-commerce in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should count on information construction in enterprises,depend on the third party E-commerce transaction platform,focus on the service and actively develop the countryside market etc.

Objective To evaluate the pathogenesis and disease progression by detecting the expression of Serum High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and TLR2 in monocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Forty patients with SLE were selected randomly,20 patients were in active disease group and others were in stable disease group.The expression of HMGB1 in the serum of these cases were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TLR2 on CD14+ monocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by FCM.The correlation between these indexes and clinical,laboratory indexes about SLE were analyzed using one-way ANOVA,and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum was [(48.9±11.3) μg/L] in the active group,while that was [(14.8±1.9) μg/L] in the stable group was,and [(13.5±3.6) μg/L] in the control group.HMGB1 in the active SLE group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) when compared with that of the stable and control group.The expression of TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was [(96.7±1.3)％] in the active group,[(83.5±9.1)％] in the stable group,and [(83.3±9.9)％] in the control group TLR2 in the active SLE group was up-regulated when compared with the stable and control groups (P＞0.05).There were positive correlation between the serum levels of HMGB1and TLR2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (r=0.551,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of HMGB-1 in serum and the expression of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may participate in the pathological processes of SLE.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of topical corticosteroids injection and systemic application in the treatment of sudden hearing loss.Methods Total of 58 patients with sudden hearing loss were ran-domly divided into two groups.The systemic application group:dexamethasone (DEX)was applied by intravenous injection in dose of 10mg ×3d,followed by 5mg ×4d.And the postauricular injection group:methylprednisolone sodium succinate of 40mg was injected into cortical bone of mastoid region every three days,until hearing back to normal,or 15 days.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The total effective rate of systemic application group was 67.7%,the total effective rate of postauricular injection group was 64.7%.There was no statistical differ-ence between the two groups (χ2 =2.58,P =0.316).The recovery rate in cases with postauricular injection group was significantly increased in comparison with the systemic application group,but no statistical difference between the two groups(t =2.71,P =0.062).Patients with hearing loss in low frequencies(250Hz,500Hz),the recovery rate in cases with postauricular injection group was significantly increased in comparison with the systemic application group (t =3.82,P =0.031;t =3.26,P =0.042).Conclusion Postauricular topical injection and systemic application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of sudden hearing loss are all have good curative effect.Systemic application is select-ed by conventional treatment,and topical injection has a better effect in the hearing loss of low -middle frequencies.

Objective To investigate the effect of modified suture on the maternal skin healing, scar healing and satisfaction to cesarean section. Methods A total of 244 cases of cesarean section in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were randomly collected and divided into observation group (n=143) and control group (n=101). Patients in the observation group were treated with the modified suture method, and the control group was given the conventional method to suture the skin. The VAS score, suture time and complication rate were observed in the 2 groups. Results The VAS scores were significantly lower at one week and one month after operation (1.15±0.43 and 0.07±0.01, respectively) than those of the control group (1.40±0.51 and 0.13±0.03, respectively, P<0.05). The suture time were significantly shorter in the observation group (5.12±0.95) than those of control group (7.28±0.83, P<0.05). Postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in observation group (2.80%) than that of control group (9.90%, P<0.05). The comfort level to incision and satisfaction rate to scar were significantly higher (94.41% and 95.10%, respectively) than those of control group (83.17% and 87.13%, respectively). The average thickness of scars at day 90 and day 180 after operation were significantly less in the observation group [(2.14±0.32) mm and (3.08±1.02) mm, respectively] than those of the control group [(3.10±0.48) mm and (5.22±1.10) mm, respectively, P<0.05)]. Conclusion The improved suture method after cesarean section has the advantages of shorter suture time, less poor wound healing, higher maternal satisfaction rate.

Object To study the expression of miRNA-146a in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) patients and its effect on the inflammation in mouse models.Methods miRNA-146a expression in peripheral blood was determined in sepsisinduced ALI patients and healthy volunteers by qRT-PCR.Sepsis-induced ALI mouse model were reproduced by LPS treatment and miRNA-146a mimic,miRNA-146a NC and miRNA-146a inhibitors were injected through trachea.The expressions of miRNA-146a,TNF-α,IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR 24h after the intervention.Results The miRNA-146a expression in peripheral blood significantly increased in severe sepsis with ALI patients,compared with the control subjects.For mouse model,the expressions of TNF-o,IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA significantly decreased in miRNA-146a group,while increased in miRNA-146a inhibitor group compared with miRNA-146a NC group (P＜0.05).The TNF-α and IL-1β expressions significantly decreased in miRNA-146a inhibitor+COX-2 inhibitor group compared with miRNA-146a inhibitor group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-146a treatment can effectively alleviate the lung inflammation in sepsis-induced ALI mice.

BACKGROUND: During recent years, mononucleotide polymorphism of some genes is possibly related to affectability of osteoarthritis (OA). However, previous researches mainly compare the gene expression of synoviocytes between OA and rheumatoid arthritis (RhA); therefore, the correlation of gene expression between synovioblast and fibroblast in other tissues should be further studied as compared with OA.OBJ ECTIVE: To observe the differences of gene expression between OA synovioblast and skin fibroblast.DESIGN: Observational contrast analysis.SETTING: People's Hospital of Shenzhen City.PARTICIPANTS: Synovium tissue was derived from OA patients who received replacement of knee joint in the Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Shenzhen City. All OA patients met the diagnostic criteria of osteoarthritis established by American College of Rheumatology in 1995. Three patients including 1 male and 2 females aged more than 65 years old and they did not have cardiac and pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus. Three male normal volunteers who aged 25 to 35 years did not have rheumatic disease, osteoarthritis and dermatosis. All subjects provided a confirmed consent. The main reagents were detailed as follows: RPMI1640 culture medium, fetal bovine serum and TRIZOL agent (Invitrogen Life Technologies Company, USA); pGEM-T pUC (Progema Company, USA);Display PROFILE-BASIC and Display PROFILE Probe kits (Qbiogen Company, USA).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in People's Hospital of Shenzhen City from January to June 2005. Synovium of OA patients were treated with primary culture to obtain synovioblast; meanwhile, skin fibroblast treated with primary culture from normal subjects was regarded as the control group. Restricted enzyme section differential display was used to separate the different-expressed genes of synovioblast and skin fibroblast in OA patients. In addition, blast technique was used to compare the resulted ranks with Genbank ranks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences of gene expression between synovioblast and skin fibroblast in OA patients.RESULTS: Gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), TFPI2, CXCL2, CXCL6 and transforming growth factor (TGF) were high in synovioblast of OA patients as compared with those in skin fibroblast of normal subjects.CONCLUSION: Gene expressions of SOD, TFPI2, CXCL2, CXCL6 and TGF are high in synovioblast of OA patients as compared with those in skin fibroblast of normal subjects. This suggests that gene may play a certain role in onset of OA.

Objective To explore the measure of the peri-operative care in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy with transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy.Methods Nursing measures and the effect of 3 patients who underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results All procedures were successfully completed.There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.All patients were cured and discharged.Conclusions For the patients receiving transvnginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy,good psychological care,adequate preoperative preparation,postoperative care,and health education can reduce postoperative complications and play an important role in the success of the operation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on cell apoptosis during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =25 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and remifentanil group (group R).Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the bilateral renal arteries for 45 min followed by reperfusion in groups I/R and R.Remifentanil was infused at 1.0 μg· kg-1 · min-1 via the caudal vein starting from 15 min before ischemia until 30 min of reperfusion in group R,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of remifentanil in groups S and I/R.At 15 min before ischemia (T0) and 3,6,12,24 h of reperfusion (T1-4),5rats were anesthetized and sacrificed,and renal specimens were obtained to detect the apoptotic rate and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 protein (by flow cytometry) and mRNA (by RT-PCR).The ratios between Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression were calculated.The pathological changes of renal tubules were scored.Results Compared with group S,the pathological scores and apoptotic rate were significantly increased at T1-4,and ratios between Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression were increased at T1,2,while decreased at T3,4 in groups R and I/R (P ＜0.01).Compared with group I/R,the pathological scores and apoptotic rate were significantly decreased at T1-4,while the ratios between Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression were increased in group R (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with the baseline value at T0,the pathological scores and apoptotic rates were significantly increased at T1 4,and the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression were increased at T1,2,while decreased at T3,4 in groups R and I/R (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression and inhibition of cell apoptosis in renal tissues are involved in the mechanism by which remifentanil reduces renal I/R injury in rats.

Objective To observe the effect of Shoutaiwan on the expression ofα-enolase in the decidua tissue of recurrent abortion mice. Methods The abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 matings were established as the model of recurrent abortion and the nonabortion-prone CBA/J×BALB/C matings were used as the model of normal pregnancy. The model of recurrent abortion CBA/J × DBA/2 of pregnant mice were randomly divided into model group and Shoutaiwan high-, medium-, low-dose groups, pregnant mice of every group were orally administrated in different doses. On the 14th day of pregnancy, the mice were killed. The expression ofα-enolase was detected by using immunohistochemical method and Western Blot. Results α-enolase expression in the model group was significantly higher than the normal pregnancy group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Shoutaiwan low-, medium- and high-dose group significantly decreasedα-enolase expression of pregnant mice (P <0.01). Compared with high-dose group, Shoutaiwan medium-and low-dose group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Shoutaiwan could down-regulate the expression ofα-enolase in the decidua tissues of recurrent abortion mice, which may be one of its mechanisms of preventing miscarriage.