ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of mifepristone with or without tamoxifen in the treatment of leiomyomas. Methods173 symptomatic patients with leiomyomas were divided into 2 groups randomly. Group A (88cases) received mifepristone 25mg per day;Group B(85 cases) received mifepristone per day combined with tamoxifen l0mg twice a day from the first day of menstrul cycle for three months. Leiomyoma and uterine size were measured by B ultrasound, the changes of endometrium were examined pathologically. Estrogen and progesterone levels, hemoglobin and liver renal function were all measured, meanwhile, adverse effects of drugs were assessed. ResultsAll the patients in the 2 groups were amenorrhea with increased hemoglobin, the level of estrogen and progesterone remained in the early stage of proliferation phase. The uterus and leiomyoma sizes in two groups both reduced, but those in group B reduced less significantly(P＜0.01). Adverse effects showed similarity and needed no special control. ConclusionsBoth mifepristone and mifepristone combined with tamoxifen show good efficacy in the treatment of leiomyoma, but mifepristone combined with tamoxifen is more suitable.

Objective:To generate rabbit anti-human Fc?/?R and Poly Immunoglobulin Receptor(pIgR) polyclonal antibodies.Methods:The EC12 domain of human Fc?/?R and the D1 domain of pIgR were expressed as including bodies in Escherichia coli.The purified proteins were used to immunize rabbits to generate polyclonal antibodies.The immune sera were characterized by ELISA and Western blot analysis,then absorbed with cross-action and purified by antigen linked beads.Results:The titers of antiserum were 1∶6 4000 and 1∶25 6000,separately.There was little cross-reaction between the two immune sera.Conclusion:The polyclonal antibodies against human Fc?/?R and pIgR without cross-reaction were successfully generated and could be useful tools to study the relationship between the two receptors.

Objective:To investigate the amplification of the telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and its significance in screening of cervical lesion. Methods:Cervical cast-off cell specimens were screened from 120 outpatients with cervical lesion, including normal cell from liquid based cytology (20 cases), CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer cell from liquid based cytology (each of 25 cases). The amplification of TERC gene in cervical cast-off cells was detected by dual-color interphase FISH. The results of normal samples were used to set up the threshold. Results:①The percentages of abnormal cells in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer were significantly higher than threshold value ( P<0.05), and the percentage of abnormal cells was increased with the serious degree of pathological grade (P<0.01) ; ②The percentagesof 2:3,2:4,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer were significantdifferences (all P<0.01). The percentages of 2:4,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in cervical cancer were significant higher than that in CIN Ⅰ (P<0.001) while the percentage of 2:3 type was significant lower than that in it (P<0.001);③The percentage of abnormal cells was increased with the serious degree of cytological grade (P<0.01) in different cytological grades. The percentages of 2:3,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithe-lial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were significant differences (all P <0.01), and the percentages of 2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in HSIL were significant higher than that in ASCUS( P <0.01) while the percentage of 2:3 type was significant lower than that in it ( P <0.01);④The detection rates of LSIL and HSIL with cytological examination in low grade and high grade CIN were 40% (10/25) and 62% (31/50) respectively, which were significant lower than the detection rates of FISH which was 100%(P<0.05).Conclusions:There is an abnormal amplification of TERC gene in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer, and its copy numbers are increased with the serious degree of pathological and cytological grades. Detection of amplification of TERC gene in cervical cast-off cells with FISH has a certain value for screening cervival lesion and prediction of lesion progression.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with typical motor symptoms and a variety of non-motor symptoms,including neuropsychiatric symptoms,autonomic dysfunctions,abnormal sense,sleep disorders and fatigue.Studies showed that several non-motor symptoms,such as olfactory dysfunction,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,depression and fatigue,can occur before the onset of motor symptoms.Fatigue has been considered as one of the most disabling symptoms,and it has a significant impact on activity of daily living and quality of life,and brings heavy burdens to caregivers.However,fatigue in PD has no special biomarkers,so clinicians are lack of the recognition and intervention.Here,we will expound the prevalence,risk factors,rating scales and potential mechanism relating to neuropathology,neuroinflammation and neurobiochemistry in PD patients with fatigue.

Objective Event related potentials (ERP), especially mismatch negativity (MMN), as index, was utilized to study the processing of Chinese tones recognized by cochlear implant (CI) users and normal hearing subjects. Methods The auditory materials were Chinese words with four tones consisting of three different oddball blocks. The ERP and MMN of CI users and normal hearing subjects were recorded and analyzed in relation to the discrimination of those tones as tested. Results The ERP and MMN of CI users and normal hearing subjects were presented. The MMN of CI users includes two negative waves: the first negative wave (MMN1) occurred approxi-mately 100 ms, and the second wave (MMN2) at 300 ms. The MMN of normal hearing subjects includes two nega-tive waves too: the first negative wave (MMN1) occurred approximately 150 ms, and the second wave (MMN2) al-so at 300 ms. The MMN1 peak latency of CI users was obviously shorter than that of normal hearing subjects and the MMN2 peak latency of CI users shorter than that of normal hearing subjects too, but the difference of MMN2 peak latency between CI users and normal hearing subjects was not as significant as that of MMN1. Conclusion In the preattentive stage, CI users could process Chinese tones as normal hearing subjects, but compared with the pro-cessing of normal hearing subjects, there are some differences in the processing of CI users.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination the genotoxicity impurities (methyl methanesulfonate,ethyl methanesulfonate and isopropyl methanesulfonate) in mesylate nafamostat raw materia. METHODS:GC-MS was conducted,and the genotoxicity impurities were extracted by dichloromethane. The column was DB-5 capillary column by programmed tempera-ture,the inlet temperature was 240 ℃,column flow was 3.0 ml/min,purge flow was 6.0 ml/min,sample mode splitless injection, carrier gas was high purity helium,detector is a mass spectrometer detector,ion source temperature was 230 ℃,the interface tem-perature was 230 ℃,the delay time of solvent was 2.5 min,ionization mode was electron impact,detector voltage was respect to the tuning results,scanning(detection)method was selective ion monitoring,electron energy was 70 eV,and the injection volume was 1.0μl. RESULTS:The separation degree of 3 impurities were greater than 2.0;the linear range of 3 impurities were 0.10-20μg/ml (r≥0.999 5);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.7%-104.8%(RSD=2.8%, n=9),102.5%-110.7%(RSD=2.6%,n=9)and 103.0%-107.6%(RSD=1.6%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple, accurate,sensitive and rapid,and can be used for the genotoxicity impurities in mesylate nafamostat raw materia.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A) local injection treatment for hemifacial spasm .Methods Seventeen sites were used to inject BTX-A in 46 patients with hemifacial spasm . Before and after treatment , the grades of facial spasm were evaluated .Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on hemifacial spasm rating 4 weeks after treatment .The recurrence of symptoms in patients given repeated BTX-A injection.Results After BTX-A injection, 15 cases of completely relieved , obviously relieved in 29 cases, partial remission in 2 cases;the efficiency was 95.6%.The onset time was (2.6 ±1.1) d;sustained efficacy was (19.1 ± 2.3)weeks.Injection times was 1 in 5 cases, 2 in 23 cases, 3 in 11 cases and 4 or more in 7 cases.The onset time of repeated injection was(2.61 ±1.03) d, the duration was(19.24 ±2.12) weeks and the efficiency was 100%, They had no significant differences between initial and repeated injection .Six cases occurred local facial mild paralysis, and complete recovery after 2-4 weeks.Conclusion BTX-A local injection for hemifacial spasm is a safe and effective treatment , has no significant adverse reaction;and the effect of repeated injection is not decreased .

BACKGROUND:Interstitial fluid flow around the osteocytes caused by a series of physiological activities plays an important role in the osteocyte metabolism and signal transduction.
OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress of bone structures and physiological functions, then further il ustrate how the mechanical loads make an impact on bone tissue.
METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed database for articles related to the bone microstructure, metabolism and osteocyte signal transduction published from January 2009 to December 2015. The keywords were“osteocyte, mechanical load, permeability, lacunar-canalicular system, interstitial fluid flow, mechanotransduction, signaling pathways”in English. Data were screened firstly, dated articles or literatures with wrong research methods were excluded, and total y 40 eligible articles were enrol ed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone tissue can quickly adapt to the change of mechanical environment to guarantee enough osteocytes in the functional bone area indicating that osteocytes regulate the bone absorption and formation by responding to stress, which is closely related to osteocyte physiological characters. Osteocytes exist in mineralized matrix, and the special microstructures make it possible to receive mechanical loads and transform the mechanical signals into chemical signals aimed at regulating the bone absorption or formation.So the interstitial fluid flow in the lacuna-canalicular system occures, namely load-induced fluid flow, when the mechanical load is distributed on the bone. This fluid flow affects the bone tissue through two mechanisms:regulating osteocyte metabolism and participating in the mechanotransduction. In conclusion, the mechanical load plays a vital role in maintaining health bone and regulating bone adaptation.

[Objective]To evaluate long term curative effect on treatment of developmental dislocation of hip(DDH) in children between 18~36 months old by combined close-reduction method of adductor-cut,close-reduction and frog type plaster fixation.[Method]One hundred and fifty-six children(232 hips) treated by combined close-reduction method in 1993 to 2001 were followed-up with mean follow-up time of 9.2(5.5~14.5) years.There were 77 hips of grade Ⅰ dislocation,95 hips of grade Ⅱ,and 60 hips of grade Ⅲ according to Zhou Yongde grading criteria.Periodical imaginological and hip joint function examinations were evaluated and analyzed.[Result]One hundred and ninety-five hips obtained satisfactory concentric reduction with excellent and good rate of 84.05% according to Zhou Yongde criteria.There were 9 hips with femoral head necrosis at follow-up.Mean preoperative acetabular index(AI) of successful reduction hips was(35.34?5.96)%,and that of failure reduction hips was(44.51?5.32)%.The excellent and good rate were 84.41% in cases of grade Ⅰ hips,85.21% in grade Ⅱ hips,and 81.67% in grade Ⅲ hips.[Conclusion]Combined method of adductor-cut,close-reduction and frog type plaster fixation is an effective way for treatment of DDH of children between 18~36 months old.Preoperative AI but not degree of dislocation is the criteria to determine whether close-reduction is necessary or not.

[Objective]To assess the efficacy of one-stage anterior radical debridement,decompression,and fusion with anterior and/or posterior spinal instrumentation in the treatment of multisegments spinal tuberculosis.[Method]From 2001 and 2005,a total of 15 patients included thoracic,thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal tuberculosis underwent anterior debridement,allograft bone fusion,and stabilization with anterior and posterior instrumentation.The mini-invasive technique including thoracoscope and X-tube were applied in the later 8 cases.[Result]An average of 2.1 years' follow-up was achieved in 16 patients.The overall fusion rate was 100% in the dynamic lateral views.There was no graft problems.The kyphosis angles that were corrected postoperatively averaged 19.9?.All patients' neurological function were improved except that there was no change in 1 patient with Frankel grade B preoperatively.[Conclusion]Reconstructing the stability of spine is very important for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.The application of internal instrument and allograft,choosing appropriate surgery can greatly improve the clinical results.Mini-invasive technique reduced blood lost and made the operation easier.