This article focuses on the issue of transfer of majors by college students in the advancement of flexible credit system in Chinese universities,in particular the challenges it brings about to the administration and management of the school.The author also explores the issues occurring under the current administration framework and evaluation mechanism of Chinese universities.

Based on the circulation of Chinese materia medica and value chain of quality of Chinese materia medica, this article analyzed the problems existing in the process of protection and development of Chinese materia medica: planting problems caused the efficacy weakening of Chinese materia medica, excessive sulfur because of the initial processing methods, large fluctuations in prices of Chinese materia medica for the market supply and demand imbalance. Then with the modern logistics as the starting point, this article explored the control of the circulation process of Chinese materia medica from the aspects of primary processing, transportation, storage, maintenance, and packaging. Automated initial processing can protect the quality of Chinese materia medica; standardized transportation can reduce the loss of Chinese materia medica; modern warehousing can help management of Chinese materia medica; scientific conservation can maintain the efficacy of Chinese materia medica; standardized packaging can protect Chinese materia medica in the whole course. At the same time, the use of information technology is conducive to the construction of circulation system and traceability system of Chinese materia medica, with a purpose to promote the information system of Chinese materia medica, to protect the authentic Chinese materia medica, to achieve the quality of Chinese materia medica, to enhance the protection and development of Chinese materia medica.

Objective:To investigate the amplification of the telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and its significance in screening of cervical lesion. Methods:Cervical cast-off cell specimens were screened from 120 outpatients with cervical lesion, including normal cell from liquid based cytology (20 cases), CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer cell from liquid based cytology (each of 25 cases). The amplification of TERC gene in cervical cast-off cells was detected by dual-color interphase FISH. The results of normal samples were used to set up the threshold. Results:①The percentages of abnormal cells in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer were significantly higher than threshold value ( P<0.05), and the percentage of abnormal cells was increased with the serious degree of pathological grade (P<0.01) ; ②The percentagesof 2:3,2:4,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer were significantdifferences (all P<0.01). The percentages of 2:4,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in cervical cancer were significant higher than that in CIN Ⅰ (P<0.001) while the percentage of 2:3 type was significant lower than that in it (P<0.001);③The percentage of abnormal cells was increased with the serious degree of cytological grade (P<0.01) in different cytological grades. The percentages of 2:3,2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithe-lial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were significant differences (all P <0.01), and the percentages of 2:5 and great than or equal to 4:4 types in HSIL were significant higher than that in ASCUS( P <0.01) while the percentage of 2:3 type was significant lower than that in it ( P <0.01);④The detection rates of LSIL and HSIL with cytological examination in low grade and high grade CIN were 40% (10/25) and 62% (31/50) respectively, which were significant lower than the detection rates of FISH which was 100%(P<0.05).Conclusions:There is an abnormal amplification of TERC gene in CIN Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and cervical cancer, and its copy numbers are increased with the serious degree of pathological and cytological grades. Detection of amplification of TERC gene in cervical cast-off cells with FISH has a certain value for screening cervival lesion and prediction of lesion progression.

Objective To evaluate the value of cardiovascular digital imaging and echocardiography in diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries.Methods Thirty cases of transposition of the great arteries were examined with cardiovascular digital imaging technique,two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler.11 cases of them underwent surgery.A comparison was made between the data obtained and surgical findings.Results The rate of coincidence of digital imaging and echocardiography with operation in diagnosing transposition of the great arteries was 92.3%(36/39)and 84.6%(33/39) respectively.Both echocardiography and cardiovascular digital imaging techique could clearly show the abnormalities of the heart and great vessels.Echocardiography was sensitive to valvular pathological changes,though cardiovascular digital imaging was superior to echocardiography in demonstrating abnormalities of great arteries and systemic-pulmonary collateral circulations.Conclusion Combination of echocardiography with cardiovascular digital imaging technique can greatly improve the rate of diagnostic accuracy for transposition of the great arteries.

Objective To discuss the relationship age and pathologic type, tumor size (≥4 cm) and pelvic lymph metastasis in cervical cancer, and the relative factors of cervical cancer with metastasis of pelvic lymphaden and the possibility of ovarian conservation. Methods 166 cases of cervical cancer accepted radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in our hospital from June 2002 to June 2007, and were analyzed retrospectively. 166 cases of cervical cancer were divided into two groups, the age in group A was less than 35, while in group B was more than 35. Results The possibility of adenocarcinoma, the tumor size (≥4 cm) and the metastasis of pelvic lymphaden were higher in group A than in group B. The higher the clinical stage, the higher the pathological type and grade were. The greater the tumor size were ,the higher the rate of pelvic lymphatic metastasis (P <0.01). The more tissue infiltrate were, the higher the rate of pelvic lymphatic metastasis (P <0.01). Conclusion The possibility of adenocarcinoma carcinoma, the tumor size (≥ 4 cm) and the metastasis of pelvic were more higher in young women. The rate of pelvic metastasis is closely related to clinical stage, pathological type and grade, tumor size, and tissue infitration.

Administration, Oral ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ; poisoning ; Propane ; poisoning

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), activated by auto-phosphorylation at the presence of calcium and calmodulin, is widely distributed in eukaryotes. CaMKs are important mediators of calcium signal in eukaryotes. Recent researches have suggested that CaMKⅡ is involved in the regulation of meiotic cell cycle of oocytes. It plays functional roles in meiotic maturation, polar body extrusion, fertilization and egg activation. As one of the down-stream signaling molecules of calcium, CaMKⅡ facilitates the inactivation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and cytostatic factor (CSF) following fertilization, as well as the spindle microtubule organization and centrosome duplication. Although the functions of CaMKⅡ in oocyte meiosis are versatile and essential, the present results are primarily obtained from low vertebrates and mouse. In future studies, the function and regulation of this kinase in other mammals should be stressed.

0.05). Conclusion Mb-MGM have good properties of drug-targeting and sustained drug releasing properties. Mb-MGM could be used for targeting spinal cord dorsal ganglia for nerve blocking after being injected into the subarachnoid space and under effect of magnet. The motor function is not affected.

BACKGROUND:Interstitial fluid flow around the osteocytes caused by a series of physiological activities plays an important role in the osteocyte metabolism and signal transduction.
OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress of bone structures and physiological functions, then further il ustrate how the mechanical loads make an impact on bone tissue.
METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed database for articles related to the bone microstructure, metabolism and osteocyte signal transduction published from January 2009 to December 2015. The keywords were“osteocyte, mechanical load, permeability, lacunar-canalicular system, interstitial fluid flow, mechanotransduction, signaling pathways”in English. Data were screened firstly, dated articles or literatures with wrong research methods were excluded, and total y 40 eligible articles were enrol ed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone tissue can quickly adapt to the change of mechanical environment to guarantee enough osteocytes in the functional bone area indicating that osteocytes regulate the bone absorption and formation by responding to stress, which is closely related to osteocyte physiological characters. Osteocytes exist in mineralized matrix, and the special microstructures make it possible to receive mechanical loads and transform the mechanical signals into chemical signals aimed at regulating the bone absorption or formation.So the interstitial fluid flow in the lacuna-canalicular system occures, namely load-induced fluid flow, when the mechanical load is distributed on the bone. This fluid flow affects the bone tissue through two mechanisms:regulating osteocyte metabolism and participating in the mechanotransduction. In conclusion, the mechanical load plays a vital role in maintaining health bone and regulating bone adaptation.

Objective:To investigate the sleep quality of the people aged over 18-years-old in Hebei province and the impact of relative factors on it.Methods:Sum total of 20 716 random samples at ages over 18 were selected among the general population.The tools were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Simplified Coping style Questionnaire(SCSQ).Results:The total prevalence of low sleep quality was 11.6 %(2411/20716).Female had higher standardized prevalence rate than male(6.8% vs.4.8%).Logistic analysis showed that risk factors to low sleep quality were ages over 70-years-old,remarriage,divorce,bereft,negative coping style(OR=1.776,1.515,2.046,1.254,1.097).On the other hand,factors to good sleep were the Han nationality,male,farmer,the family average annual income ranged 5001-10000 RMB,10001-20000 RMB,20001-40000 RMB,positive coping style(OR=0.839,0.703,0.732,0.750,0.660,0.573,0.936).Conclusion:Low sleep quality had high prevalence in Hebei.It should be recognized by medical workers.