Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction degree of non-medical students in medical school,and to investigate the factors that influence satisfaction degree. Method: Selfcompile scale is administered to 430 nonmedical students from 6 medical colleges,in which 5 is in Guangdong province and 1 is in Ha’erbin city. Result:The satisfaction of nonmedical students is low,significant diferences are found between grades,and between students with medicine as the first choice major and those whose first choice major is not medicine. Conclusion:Medical colleges should pay more attention to nonmedical majors,improve the quality of teaching,and so on in order to improve the nonmedical students’satisfaction degree.

Objective To compare CT perfusion changes of patients 1 month after living liver transplantation with healthy volunteers. Methods Twenty perioperative patients without complications and 25 healthy volunteers underwent dynamic multi-slice CT scan. On each targeted slice, liver was divided into 3 regions of interest (ROI) according to hepatic venous drainage, i.e. anterior segment area drained by middle hepatic veins (MHV) which was most likely congested, risk area drained by both MHV and RHV which was posterior to anterior segment, reference area drained by RHV. Perfusion parameters and relative perfusion difference were calculated.Results The relative perfusion differences of anterior segment and risk area in study group were as follows: BF 44.56±43.19 vs 25.41±27.49 ［ml/(min〖DK〗·100 g)］; BV 3.91±2.45 vs 2.15±1.86(ml/100 g); PVP 41.50±39.15 vs 22.66±23.82 ［ml/(min·100 g)］. Significant differences of RPDs of BF, BV and PVP were found in anterior segment (P<0.0001) and risk area (P＜0.01) compared with control group.Conclusion In perioperative period, there are hemodynamic differences in hepatic segments drained by RHV and MHV. BF, BV, PVP of anterior segment decreases obviously.

Objective To analyze endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) image of esophageal granular cell tumor (GCT) by computer image analysis software,and to explore its diagnostic and differential diagnostic value.Methods Eight esophageal GCT and eight leiomyomas confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination were collected,mean gray value and gray value standard deviation of EUS image of the leisons were analyzed by computer image analysis software.The comparison of two groups was analyzed by t test.Results The endoscopic and ultrasound images of esophageal GCT and leiomyomas were similar.The mean gray value of EUS image of esophageal GCT and esophageal leiomyomas was 67.51 and 51.76,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.225,P=0.043).However,there was no significant difference in the standard deviation of gray value (13.54 vs 13.12,t=0.225,P=0.825).Conclusion The accuracy of GCT diagnosed by EUS could be increased by comparing the gray values of EUS images of esophageal GCT and leiomyomas.

Objective To study the diagnosis, treatment, etiology and prognosis of scrotum gangrene. Method We did a retrospective analysis of the data of 78 patients with scrotum gangrene who hospitalized during August 2007 and August 2011 in Jinja Hospital in Uganda.Results Among 78 patients, 73 patients were cured, with 93.6%of the cure rate. After early debridement and second phase reconstruction, patients recovered after the treatment. Conclusion On the basis of systemic antibiotic drug use and local debridement processing, penis-scrotum revascularization has good curative effect on scrotum gangrene.We hope to provide reference and help to foreign health medical team of aid work in Yunnan province.

Objective To explore the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing the differentiation of Th17 cells.Methods Forty two subjects were recruited to the study,including 22 patients with RA and 20 healthy controls (HC).The percentage of circulating Th17 cells were analyzed using flow cytometry.PBMCs were stimulated with LPS for two days.TLR4 mRNA of the PBMCs and the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatants were analyzed with the real-time qPCR and ELISA respectively.Supematants was then used for CD4+ cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) culture,and IL-17 in the supernatants and the expression of IL-17 mRNA in cells were detected by ELISA and real-time qPCR respectively.The statistical analysis was carried out with t-test.Results The TLR4 mRNA expression in the PBMCs and the percentage of circulating Th17 ceils of RA patients were significantly higher than that of the HC group (P＜0.01).Stimulated by LPS,the expression of TLR4 mRNA increased 3.5 times in the RA group but decreased 0.11 times in the HC group.LPS also increased cytokines production in both groups,while PBMCs from RA patients produced more IL-6 and TNF-α than the cells from healthy subjects (P＜0.01).Compared to the HC group,the IL-17 mRNA expression and IL-17 secretion of CD4+ CBMCs induced by the supematants of RA patients' PBMCs stimulated with LPS was significantly higher(P＜0.01 ); but there was no significant difference between the RA group and the HC group without LPS stimulation (P＞0.05).Conclusion The expression of TLR4 on PBMCs from patients with RA and its response to LPS stimulation are increased,and it has demonstrated high capability in inducing the differentiation of Th 17 cells.

Objective To describe the real experience of nurses from different grade hospitals during further study in the three-level hospital.And to provide the basis to make plans,improve the effect of fustther study and ensure the realization of further study aim.Methods In-depth interviews were canied out with 28 nurses by using Hidegerian phenomenological method.The acquired data were reorganized,analyzed and extracted themes.Results Different grade hospital nurses had different psychological experience such as aims,willingness,effects,obtainment and stress.Condusions Further study should be based on subjective willingness and definite goals.Hospitals should strictly select nursing teachers,give differential treatment in education,fully understand the pressure source and provide corresponding measures to reduce stress of nurses.

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of asymptomatie IgA nephropathy (IgAN) children with pmteinuria and/or microscope haematuria .Methods Clinical and pathological characteristics of 54 children with IgA nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy were analyzed . These children with IgAN were divided into two groups according to their clinical characteristics at the first onset: asymptomatic IgAN group (AsIgAN) and symptomatic IgAN group (SIgAN) . Histologic changes were classified by Lee SM and Katafuchi semiquantitative scoring system . Results Eighteen children were in AslgAN group and 36 children were in SIgAN group . The degree of proteinuria in SIgAN group [(2 .3±2 .2) g/d] was higher than that in AslgAN group [(0 .4±0 .3) g/d] at the time of biopsy (P＜0 .05) . Although asymptomatic IgAN children were mainly of Lee's type Ⅰ ～Ⅱ, 2 children (11%) were of Lee's type Ⅳ～Ⅴ and 5 cases (27%) presented interstitial injury . Symptomatic IgAN children were mainly of Lee's type Ⅱ ～Ⅲ, there was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0 .05) . Urine micrealbumin was increased in 87% children presented with microscope haematuria . After an average of (26 .9±8 .8)months follow-up, only one case of Lee's Ⅴ progressed into renal failure and the others maintained normal renal function . Conclusions Although children with asymptomatic IgAN have minor clinical symptoms, severe renal pathological lesion and poor prognosis also occur . Urine screening helps to detect renal diseases and renal biopsy should be performed in the patients with increased urine microalbumin .

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ceftazidime for injection. Methods HPLC column was TSK-GEL G2000SWXL gel column. Mobile phase of phosphate buffer ( pH 7. 0) was 0. 005 mol · L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0. 005 mol · L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution ( 61 : 39 ). The detection wavelength was 231 nm; column temperature was 30 ℃ ; the injection volume was 20 μL. Results Ceftazidime reference linear range was 0. 51-25. 64 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999), ceftazidime for injection polymer linear range was 0. 20-3. 92 mg·mL-1 (r=0. 99), and the limit of quantification polymer was 0. 71 μg. Conclusion The method is rapid and the separation was good. It can be used for the detection of ceftazidime for injection.

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Objective:To optimize the formula of 5-aminosalicylic acid enema in situ gel. Methods:5-Aminosalicylic acid ene-mas in situ gel was prepared using a cold dissolution method with carbomer as the gel matrix and xanthan gum as the thickener. A 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of the concentrations of carbomer and xanthan gum on the viscosity before and af-ter the gelling, duration of inversion tube and sedimentation rate. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the formula. Re-sults:The quantitative relationships between the two factors and the four evaluation indices were obtained. The optimum formula was as follows:the concentration of carbopol and xanthan gum in the enema was 0. 7% and 0. 15%, respectively. The viscosity before and af-ter the gelling was 500-1 000 mPa·s and 2 200-2 700 mPa·s, respectively. The duration of inversion tube test was 40-80 min and the sedimentation rate was more than 98. 5%. Conclusion:The multi-objective simultaneous optimization of the formula of 5-aminosal-icylic acid enema in situ gel is accomplished by factorial design and response surface methodology.