Although the percentage of preterm infants developing intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) has been greatly re-duced in the past three decades, increased survival of extremely preterms has meant that severe IVH with subsequent posthae-morrhagic hydrocephalus is still one of the serious unsolved problems for managements of preterms. Therapeutic interventions for posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus include serial lumbar punctures, repeated aspiration through a ventricular access device, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy, diuretic therapy treatment to reduce cerebrospinal fluid production, intraventricular fibrinolytic therapy, etc. This review summarizes the current concepts on the pathophysiology, inter-vention indications, and the effectiveness and safety of different interventions of subsequent posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

To discuss the relationship between Chinese medicine processing and medicine usage.After being processed,characteristics of Chinese medicine can be changed,the performance be mitigated,and some side effects be reduced or eliminated,which makes its clinical usage more rational and effective.besides,medicine processing can also change the taste and reduce bad smell of medicines.

Objective To explore cephalosporinase from nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and their drug-resistant characteristics among the ICU patients so as to provide an instruction for rational clinical medication.Methods 67 samples were identified with VITEK-60 automated system.The strains producing AmpC β-lactamases were screened with cefoxitin disk diffusion method recommended by the CLSI,and confirmed by cefoxitin three-dimensional test.AmpC β-lactamase genotype was differentiated by PCR-sequencing and susceptibility tests which were done with the Kirby-Bauer method recommended by the CLSI.Results In the 67 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae,11 strains(16.4％) were found to produce AmpC β-lactamases.The drug-resistant genotype for all the 11 AmpC-positive strains was DHA-1.AmpC-producing strains developed multi-drug resistance,especially for broadspectrum β-lactam antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors.β-lactamases-producing strains were more resistant than non-producing ones.Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae in ICU patients has a higher proportion of producing AmpC β-lactamase strains,which are all of DHA-1 genotype and have multi-drug resistance.

Fetal hydrocephalus is a kind of congenital malformation,which is characterized by the enlargement of the ventricular system and the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid.It is not accompanied by a primary brain atrophy,with or without the increase of head circumference.Early diagnosis and early treatment is very important.Without the timely inter-vention,most of the patients will die during the perinatal and infant period,and even the survivors often suffer from cere-bral palsy and mental retardation.However,the long -term prognosis and clinical course of patients with hydrocephalus is not yet fully understood.There is controversy on the factors which influence the long -term outcome,such as the timing of diagnosis of hydrocephalus,the severity of ventricular dilatation,the basic disease and accompanying anomalies.So,should establish comprehensive protocols to avoid and decrease fetal hydrocephalus,as well as pay attention to the clinicopatho-logical research,prenatal diagnosis,perinatal management and early treatment of fetal hydrocephalus.

Objective:To investigate high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) as a prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin lympho-ma (NHL). Methods:Data for 85 consecutive non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients were followed up and reviewed to determine the value of Hs-CRP relative to known prognostic parameters. Results:The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of pa-tients with pre-therapeutic baseline serum Hs-CRP levels of≥4 mg/L were shorter than those of patients with basal serum Hs-CRP lev-els of<4 mg/L (P>0.05). However, the post-therapeutic, early-to-mid serum Hs-CRP level was not significantly correlated with the OS and PFS times (P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the pre-therapeutic baseline serum Hs-CRP level may be an important prognostic parameter for the relapse and survival of NHL patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:The baseline Hs-CRP level can be a major indicator of prognosis in NHL patients.

Various of long-lasting and persistent bradyarrhythmia can induce cardiomyopathy.The pathogenesis of bradycardia-induced cardiomyopathy(BIC) is not clear,which is possibly related to significantly prolonged ventricular diastole,overloaded volume,changes of atrioventricular activation sequence,changes of atrioventricular sequence contraction,myocardial hypoperfusion,effect of neuroendocrine,etc.Diagnosis of disease includes a medical history of persistent bradycardia;relevant clinical symptoms (fatigue,dizziness,black Meng even syncope);the signs and symptoms of right or left heart failure in serious cases;electrocardiogram prompt bradycardia;echocardiography shows dilation of heart,less obvious reduction left ventricular ejection fraction (compensatory),but the left ventricle index can be decreased.Treatment is mainly to early identify the causes of bradycardia and remove it and pharmacotherapy,cardiac pacemaker therapy.Heart function can be back to normal after therapy(cardiac pacemaker).

BACKGROUND:In the past, the surgical treatment of patients with hemophilia B was difficult, the bleeding was difficult to estimate, and the wound healing was difficult. In the perioperative period, the control of coagulation factor IX activity in a safe range can ensure the safety of the operation, resulting in wel wound healing, good recovery, and no significant complications appeared in the long term. OBJECTIVE:To study essentials of perioperative diagnosis and treatment in omarthritis patients with hemophilia B undergoing humeral head replacement, and to analyze the importance on prognosis and rehabilitation. METHODS:The significance of surgical treatment for hemophilia B patients with arthritis, the prevention and treatment of perioperative complications were summarized through literature review. Humeral head replacement was conducted in a patient with hemophilia omarthritis by monitoring coagulation factor activity and infusing human prothrombin complex and frozen plasma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) According to the monitoring, patients, whose coagulation factor IX activity increased from 7%to 50%, underwent humeral head replacement. (2) Within three days after replacement, coagulation factor IX activity was control ed>30%, 3 days-2 weeks>20%. No obvious complication was found after surgery. (3) These results suggested that hemophilia B arthritis was commonly treated by surgical treatment, which plays an important role in assessing patient’s condition and treatment. During perioperative period, replacement therapy of human prothrombin complex and control of coagulation factor activity in a appropriate range can effectively prevent postoperative complications.

Based on binocular disparity, three-dimensional (3D) display technology makes the right and left eyes see different images in a certain way, which generates a stereo image after the processing of the brain's visual cortex.Due to its high-definition stereoscopic surgical field of vision and accurate spatial positioning ability, 3D display technology has been widely used in surgery.Ophthalmic microsurgery is performed with the help of microscope because of the complex intraocular operation and small operating space, especially minimally invasive vitreoretinal surgery, which is the most difficult surgery with the longest learning curve in ophthalmology.The 3D display viewing system can improve surgical accuracy, reduce retinal phototoxicity, relieve the pressure on the neck and back of the surgeon as well as promote communication and cooperation between medical staff and so on.At present, the major 3D display systems applied in ophthalmology include the NGENUITY 3D Visualization System and TrueVision 3D Visualization System, both of which require wearing 3D glasses.The naked eye 3D display system is the main direction of future development.The combination of 3D display system and ophthalmic surgical robot system provides a new idea for the development of remote ophthalmic surgery.At the same time, broader application of 3D display system requires continuous improvement.In this article, the research and application of 3D display system in anterior segment surgery and vitreoretinal surgery were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of transurethral bipolar plasmakinefic resection in treating urethral stricture. Methods Totally 46 patients with urethral stricture were treated with transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection, and they were followed up for 3～12 months to observe the clinical effects. Results The segments of urethral scar were accurately incised and resected in all the 46 cases,24～26F bougies could pass through the urethra smoothly, and miction should be kept unobstructed. Totally 41 cases were followed up postoperatively, the maximal flow rate(Qmax) was ( 18.6±4.1 ) ml/s, which was obviously ameliorated as compared with that before operation(t=14.25, P＜0.05);sexual function had no obvious changes before and after operation;no serious complications of urethral massive bleeding, urinary incontinence, fistula of urethral diverticulum,urethral perforation, rectal injury, etc. was observed. Conclusion Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection is an effective method for treating urethral stricture, because it has fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery and lower recurrence.

BACKGROUND:intervertebral disc degeneration can reduce nucleus pulposus cells,and peroxiredoxin II involved in the regulation of resist oxidation damage,cell division,differentiation,signal transduction and apoptosis.Peroxiredoxin Ⅱ has promotive effect on intervertebral disc degeneration,whereas the mechanism remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of perexiredoxin Ⅱ on human intevertebral disc cells activity and type Ⅱ collagen synthesis in vitro.METHODS:Human degenerated human lumbar disc cells were cultured in vitro,and assigned into the control and peroxidase Ⅱ groups.Peroxidase Ⅱ with doses of 10,100 and 1 000 ng/L were added into the peroxidase Ⅱ groups.The cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining,and the cell proliferation was detected using cck-8 kit.Cell supematant was collected at days 3 and 7 after operation,and the expression of type Ⅱ collagen was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In vitro cultured human degenerative lumbar intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells by adding peroxidase increased with the dose-Ⅱ,the disc nucleus pulposus cells of the volume and type Ⅱ collagen synthesis gradually reduced(P ＜ 0.01).Tips peroxidase Ⅱ on the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells,the number and type Ⅱ collagen synthesis significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Thus speculated that peroxidase Ⅱ on the nucleus pulposus cells in vitro may lead to disc degeneration as a precipitating factor.