Objective:To study the effect of substance P on sensation afferent of gastrointestinal tract and the corresponding mechanism. Methods:Forty SD rats were divided into 5 groups:control group,low dosage SP group(75 ng/kg),middle dosage SP group(150ng/kg), high dosage SP group(300 ng/kg)and spantideII+SP group.The electrophysiological method was used to record the change of spontaneous and gastric distention-induced afferent discharge of subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in each group.Results:Intravenous SP (150 ng/kg,300 ng/kg)caused significantly increasing effect on the spontaneous afferent discharge(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the general patterns and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADR) induced by interferon and to provide guidance for its rational use in the clinic.METHODS:A total of 64 ADR cases induced by interferon reported in the domestic medical journals during the period 2000～2006 were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The ADR induced by interferon was more often seen in patients aged 30～39 years old(35.94%),with male showing higher proportion than female(68.75% vs. 31.25%).ADR more often occurred after multiple dosing and were characteriz-ed predominantly by allergic reactions of immune system in which multiple organs or systems may be involved.CONCLUSION:Interferon should be used rationally based on indications of medication and be closely monitored to prevent and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

Objective To assess the impact of preoperative ureteral stenting on outcome of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy . Methods The clinic data of flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy were analyzed retrospectively .All 52 eligible patients were divided into three group :goup A(no preoperative ureteral stenting );group B (preoperative ureteral stenting for 3-10 days);group C(preopera‐tive ureteral stenting for two weeks or more ) .The application of ureteral access sheath ,operation time ,stone free rates ,hospital stays ,complications were compared among the three groups .Results There were no significant differences in aging ,gender ,stone size , distribution ,average hospitalization days ,postoperative complications among the three groups (P>0 .05) .There were significantly differ‐ences between group A and group B ,group C(P<0 .05) ,and there were no difference between group B and group C (P>0 .05) on the suc‐cess rate of indwelling ureteral access sheath ,average operation time ,stone free rate .Conclusion Preoperative ureteral stenting could en‐hance the success rate of indwelling ureteral access sheath ,shorten the operation time ,improve the stone free rate .There was similar out‐come of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy between preoperative ureteral stenting for 3-10 days and two weeks or more .

Objective To investigate the effects of aloperine (ALO) on a model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice.Methods Repeated colitis was induced by administration of four cycles of 4％ DSS.The severity of colitis was assessed on the basis of clinical signs,ratio of colon weight and colon length,and histological grading scores.Moreover,secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and plasma haptoglobin (HP) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the changes of mRNA expression of ICAM-1and MIF gene in colorectal tissue were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green Ⅰ.Results ALO administration significantly attenuated the colon damage,caused substantial reductions of the rise in HP,and maintained the level of cecum S-IgA.ALO inhibited the ICAM-1mRNA expression and had no effect on MIF mRNA expression.Conclusion The effect of ALO on DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice is investigated for the first time,which suggests that ALO could be an attractive therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies on posterior cervical single door and double door laminoplasty for repair of multilevel cervical myelopathy mainly focus onneurological function and clinical parameters and lack of certain comprehensiveness.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of posterior cervical single door and double door laminoplasty for repair of multilevel cervical myelopathy.
METHODS:We selected 120 patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy and randomly divided into single door group (n=60) and double door group (n=60). The single door group underwent single door laminoplasty. The double door group underwent double door laminoplasty. The blood loss,length of stay, complication rate, neurological function improvement, motion range of cervical vertebrae and imaging changes were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Blood loss was significantly less, length of stay was significantly shorter, and the incidence of axial symptom was significantly reduced in the double door group than in the single door group (alP< 0.05). (2) No significant difference in complication rate such as side leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, hematoma, infection and paralysis was detected between the two groups (P> 0.05). The incidence of axial symptoms was significantly less in the double door group than in the single door group (P< 0.05). (3) There were no significant differences in preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, and improvement in neurological function between the two groups (P> 0.05). Postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were significantly increased as compared with that preoperatively in both groups (P<0.05). (4) No significant difference in motion range of cervical vertebrae, inflexion, extension angle and sagittal diameter of spinal canal was detectable between the two groups (P> 0.05). Motion range of cervical vertebrae, extension angle, and inflexion angle were smaler after treatment compared with that preoperatively in both groups (P< 0.05). The increased degree of sagittal diameter of spinal canal was smaler, and the motion range of cervical vertebrae kept better in the double door group than in the single door group. (5) These results indicate that the effect of double door laminoplasty for repair of multilevel cervical myelopathy was significant. The double door laminoplasty can shorten the length of stay, reduce blood loss, axial symptoms, and loss rate of motion range of the cervical vertebrae. In the clinic, treatment can be carried out according to different indications.

Objective To study the cytopathogenic effect of epidemic hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) on renal tubular cells(RTC). Methods Human fetal renal tubular cells (HFRTC) were cultured in vitro. HFRTC infected or not infected by HFRSV were observed by using trypan-blue stain and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Viral-mRNA was detected by in situ molecular hybridization. Results (1) HFRSV could directly infected HFRTC: (2)The death rate of HFRTC in the infection group was significantly higher than that in the control grou 1 to 4 weeks after infection; (3) Injuries of cell membrane and cell organs after infection with HFRSV were significantly earlier and more severe as compared to control by means of TEM. Conclusion HFRSV can directly damage renal tubular cells (RTC ), which contributes to the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).

Objective To explore the influence of group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy and the incidence of the ear‐ly‐onset GBS disease for newborns .Methods Totally 47 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM ) , which were GBS positive and accepted antibiotic treatment ,who were chosen as the experimental group .While 73 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) ,which were not accept GBS screening and antibiotic treatment ,were chosen as control group .The neonatal clinical manifestations were observed .The swab specimens were collected from throat and detected of GBS by using PCR method .Results The experimental group showed no occurrence of neonatal group B streptococcal infection , dyspnea ,cyanosis and fever .Totally 7 cases of the control group had group B Streptococcus infection .Totally 2 cases had dyspnea and 2 cases had cyanosis .Totally 4 cases had fever .The neonatal research indicators of these two groups were statistically signifi‐cant differences (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy would effectively reduce the inci‐dence of neonatal infection of group B Streptococcus .

The present report is concerned with the surface structure of the metacercaria of Pa-ragonimus iloktsuenensis as visualized with the scanning electron microscopy. The meta-cercariae were obtained from the liver of tne Sesarma dehaani collected in Yingkou county, Liaoning Province.The tegumental spines of the metacercaria are single-pointed and densely distributed over the entire body and are slightly different in size and shape in different parts of the body. On the forebody of the ventral surface, a vertical ridgeline can be seen in the middle of the spines.In addition to the short spines, there are two circles of non-ciliated papillae on both lips of the oral and the ventral suckers. Around the oral sucker, there are 12 papillae on the outer circle and 6 on the inner circle; around the ventral sucker, there are 6 papillae on both the outer and inner circles. No sensory papillae were found around the ventral sucker. On each side of the anterior part of the ventral side, 8 to 10 pairs of papillae are arranged in two rows.

Objective To obtain the specific human scFv basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)using phage antibody library technology. Methods The library was panned with human recombinant bFGF for 4 rounds. The antigen binding activities of random clones were tested by ELISA in order to select specific antibodies, which were then examined by DNA sequence analysis. Results The positive clone selected from the 104 random clones was able to bind bFGF specifically, while not able to bind other growth factors,such as aFGF, VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor). By competition ELISA assay we found one clone 44 could inhibit bFGF binding to FGFR1. Conclusion Seven specific human phage antibody against bFGF was obtained by phage display technique, one clone could inhibit bFGF binding to its high affinity receptor FGFR1.

BACKGROUND:The siphon of internal carotid artery is a complex of bending and surrounding structure, which has become a research hot in the field of medical imaging and regional anatomy. There is little research on the hemodynamics of internal carotid artery. Finite element analysis provides the basis for the related dynamics research. OBJECTIVE:To explicit the hemodynamic characteristics of the normal and stenosis internal carotid artery, and to explore the relevant influential factors. METHODS:Finite element model of the siphon of internal carotid artery was built based on 64-slice spiral CT data, and then, three-dimensional models were constructed using Mimics 10.01 software. There were simulations of the normal and post-stenosis blood flows with ANSYS 13.0 CFX software, to observe the changes of hemodynamics, and to analyze their characteristics and differences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The normal blood flow at the siphon of internal carotid artery was in a laminar state, but rotation and turbulent flow formed at the two angle regions. The velocity of external bending zone was slower than that of the internal. The slower was the velocity, the more obvious was the turbulence. The wal shear force decreased at the angle regions, and the wal shear force of external bending zone was smal er than that of the internal. At the region of arterial stenosis, the blood flow was sped, and at the downstream, turbulent flow and low zone of wal shear force were formed. With the increase of stenosis severity, the turbulent flow and low wal shear force area were expanded. Central stenosis showed more obvious effects than the eccentric one. The degree of stenosis and bending at the siphon of internal carotid artery can directly influence the formation of turbulent flow and low wal shear force area, which are more obvious at the external bending zone and central stenosis.