Objective To learn the influence of PALL BB25S and Tyco Hygroboy breathing filter (BF) to Ppeak and Pmean. Methods The changes of Ppeak and Pmean were detected by using PALL BB25S and tyco Hygroboy in simulation ventila- tion. Results (1)When BFs (PALL or tyco, adult or child) were applied and Vt from 100ml/T to 800ml/T, the effect of breathing filter can be no significant changed, but Pmean was raised and Ppeak no change. (2)To compare the tyco BFs, the Pmean of child BF and adult BF, Pmean was significant increased. Conclusion Both of PALL BF and Tyco BF only significantly increase Pmean.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism underlying propofol-induced inhibition of migration of human breast cancer cells and glyc olysis.Methods Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells were inoculated in 12-well culture plates at a density of 3× 105 cells/well.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were divided into 2 groups (n=12 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C) and propofol group (group P).Propofol at the final concentration of 5 μg/ml was added to the culture medium in group P,and the equal volume of phosphate buffer solution was added to the culture medium in group C.At 6 h of incubation,the culture media were changed to the common culture media containing no drugs,and the cells were then incubated for another 24 h.The culture media were collected for determination of glucose concentrations (by oxidase mnethod) and lactate concentrations (by chemical colorimetry).Glucose consumption and lactate production were calculated according to glucose and lactate concentrations.Cells were collected,the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A was detected by Western blot,and the migration of cells was determined by cell scratch test.Results Compared with group C,the consumption of glucose and production of lactate were significantly decreased,the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A was down-regulated,and the migration rate was decreased in group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol inhibits migration of human breast cancer cells may be associated with inhibition of glycolysis.

Objective To investigate the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in solitary kidney.Methods From September 2014 to September 2015, 9 patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in solitary kidney.6 of these patients were male, while the others were female.The average age of these patients was 60 years, ranged from 46-78 years.The lesion was located in left kidney of 5 cases, and the remaining in right kidney.The average diameter of lesion was 4.5 cm, ranged from 2.8-7.6 cm.One case was congenital solitary kidney, one was contralateral atrophic kidney, 2 cases were performed nephrectomy due to benign lesion, 5 cases were performed radical nephrectomy due to malignancy.All the cases were performed by robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery transperitoneally.Results The surgery of all 9 cases were successfully completed, and no conversion to open surgery.The median operation time was 104-215 min, with an average of 129 min.The estimated blood loss was 50-350 ml, with an average of 120 ml, and there was no blood transfusion.The warm ischemia time was 10-28 min, with an average of 18 min.There was no intraoperative complication occurred.The postoperative length of hospitalization was 8-17 d, with an average of 12 d.One case of urine leakage and another one of secondary hemorrhage were found after operation.The drainage tube and urinary catheter were removed in 3-5 days postoperation.The pathology analysis confirmed that 7 cases were renal clear cell carcinoma, one case was papillary carcinoma and one was angiomyolipoma, the tumor surgical margin was negative in all cases.The follow up duration was 1-12months, no recurrence or metastasis occurred.Conclusions Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy represents a safe and effective minimallyinvasive treatment option for kidney neoplasms in patients with a solitary kidney, which provided reliable cancer control and renal function preservation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of ibuprofen sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers for evaluating the bioequi valency .METHODS: 20 healthy volunteers took a single dose(600mg) of ibuprofen sustained release capsules and fenbid capsules(as reference drug) alternatively, then the plasma concentrations of ibuprofen were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p87 pharmacokinetic program and the bioequivalence was calculated .RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of ibuprofen sustained release capsule and fenbid capsule wereT1/2= (2.88+ 0.25)h, (2.91 + 0.33)h;Cmax = (30.66+ 4.21)mg/L, (29.09+3.54)mg/L;Tmax = (4.4 + 0.52)h, (4.3+0.48)h;AUCo-1, = (174.26+13.95)mg/(h . L), (165.80+ 11.89)mg/(h ?L) ;C = (16.25+ 1.47)mg/L, (15.63+1.83) mg/L; Cmin= (1.36 + 0.56) mg/L, (1.24 + 0.46) mg/ L; FI = (1.83 + 0.07), (1.84 + 0.06) .The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen sustained release capsule was( 105.10 + 7.77) % .CONCLUSION: Ibuprofen sustained release capsule and fenbid (reference drug) were bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a HPLC method for determining the concentration of argine asprine in plasma MET_HODS:The analytical column was YWG C18(4 6mm?250mm,10?m) and kept analyzing at 33℃ The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of purified water-acetonitrile(96∶4,v/v)with 20?l of butylamine and 5?l of acetic acid in per 100ml mobile phase And the plasma sample was extracted with iso-propyol alcohol-chloroform(95∶5,v/v) RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0 97～125 0mg/L plasma concentration and the detective limit was 0 97mg/L The RSDs for inter-day and intra-day in sample of 125 0,31 25,1 95mg/L were less than 10% This method has been used for determining plasma drug concentrations in 8 healthy volunteers and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug were obtained CONCLUSION:The method was sensitive,accurate and stable,which is suitable for the study of bioavailibility and pharmacokinetics of argine asprine

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of propofol and dexmedetomidine on neurites and synapses of hippocampal neurons neonatal rats, in vitro. Methods Hippocampal neurons of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured 6 days, in vitro and were divided into control group (Group C), solvent of propofol group (Group S), propofol group (Group P), dexmedetomidine group (Group D),propofol and dexmedetomidine group (Group PD), and yohimbine group (Group Y). All groups were cultured for 24 h further. Neuron morphology and the expression of protein were measured. Results After exposing to propofol, we found that the mean total length of neurites of primary cultured hippocampal neurons and synapses and the expression of BDNF, TrkB and CRMP-2 protein were reduced; dexmedetomidine played a protective role. Moreover, yohimbine, partly inhibited neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Conclusions Propofol decreases the development of neurites and synapses of hippocampal neurons neonatal rats, in vitro, and dexmedetomidine provides a protective effect on propofol by up-regulating the expression of BDNF, TrkB and CRMP-2. The effect, partly has a concern aboutα2-adrenergic agonist.

Objective To observe the effect of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (Na-HA) on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Sixteen white rabbits were underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection and were divided into 2 groups randomly 5 weeks after transection. Experimental group rabbits received 0.3 ml of intra-articular 1% Na-HA injection once a week. Animals in control group were treated with the same conditions using normal saline. All animals were sacrificed 10 weeks following surgery. The aritcular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression of iNOS in cartilages was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Cartilage degradation in experimental group was significantly less severe than that in control group. No significant difference of iNOS mRNA expression in cartilage was found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion Na-HA can significantly reduce the severity of cartilage degradation of OA. Na-HA dose not show definite effect on iNOS expression in cartilage during early stage of OA.

Objective To investigate the relationship between aggrecan and YKL-40 in knee articular cartilage of Sprague-Daw-lay(SD) rats with osteoarthritis (OA) .Methods Fifty-six healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups ,8 cases per group . The one side of knee joint was randomly selected for performing the anterior cruciate ligment transection (ACLT) and establishing the OA model .The rats in one group were randomly killed on the day of operation and at postoperative 0 ,2 ,4 ,8 ,12 ,16 ,20 weeks . The femoral condyle cartilage samples at different time periods in the operated side were collected for conducting safranin O /fast green staining and HE staining .Meanwhile ,the OA pathological grade was made out according to the modified Mankin scale .The expression of aggrecan and YKL-40 in the cartilage with different stages of OA were analyzed by the immunohistochemistry meth-od ,and the status of expression were measured by average optical density (AOD) .The correlation between aggrecan and YKL-40 was analyzed .Results With the aggravation of OA ,the expression of aggrecan was gradually reduced and the expression of YKL-40 was gradually increased .The differences during the early ,middle and late phases of OA had statistical significance (P<0 .05) . The expression of aggrecan was negatively correlated with the expression of YKL-40(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The level of aggrecan is gradually reduced with the aggravation of OA .Aggrecan is negatively correlated with the YKL-40 level ,which may reflect the dedifferentiation degree of joint chondrocyte to some extent .

Objective To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic and conventional open total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of rectal cancer, and to explore the considerations of laparoscopic TME. Methods 75 cases of laparoscopic group and 61 cases of open surgery group were analyzed retrospectively, and cohort study was used to compare the perioperative indicators and clinicopathological results in the two groups. Results Between the laparoscopic group and the open surgery group, the operative incision [8.7 cm (8.0-10.0 cm) vs. 13.6 cm (10.0-16.0 cm)], the use of postoperative analgesics (8 cases vs. 23 cases), postoperative time to remove the drainage tube [5 d (5-6 d) vs. 6 d (6-8 d)], postoperative time to get out of bed [3 d (3-7 d) vs. 5 d (4-8 d)] and postoperative hospital stay time [6 d (5-18 d) vs. 8 d (6-25 d)] had statistical difference (all P<0.05). The cost of laparoscopic group was higher than that of open surgery group (each patient in laparoscopic group spent more about 7 000 yuan than ones in open surgery group ). There was a significant difference in the overall complication rate between the laparoscopic group and the open surgery group [6.7 % (5/75) vs. 13.1 % (8/61), P<0.05]. Conclusions The postoperative analgesics, removal of drainage tube time, hospital stay and other indicators in the laparoscopic TME are superior compared with those in the open surgery, but due to the use of high-value consumables, the cost of laparoscopic surgery is higher. Besides, laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer should be careful.

Objective To evaluate the role of conventional protein kinase Cγ (cPKCγ)/growthassociated protein-43 (GAP-43) signaling pathway in ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of developing rats in an in vitro experiment.Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were seeded in culture plates at a density of 1×10.6 cells/ml and divided into 2 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (C group) and ketamine group (K group).Group C received no treatment.Ketamine was added with the final concentration of 300 μmol/L in group K.At 12 h of culture or incubation,the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was detected by flow cytometry.The apoptotic rate was calculated.The expression of cPKCγ,GAP-43 and phosphorylated GAP-43 in hippocampal neurons was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the apoptotic rates of hippocampal neurons were significantly increased,and the expression of cPKCγ,GAP-43 and phosphorylated GAP-43 was down-regulated in group K (P<0.01).Conclusion The mechanism by which ketamine induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of developing rats may be related to inhibition of cPKCγ/GAP-43 signaling pathway activation in an in vitro experiment.