It is of vital importance for medical postgraduates to strengthen moral construction.Based on Bourdieu's field theory,the paper puts forwards methods to enhance the influence of moral education by forming of moral habitus by self-education,clinic practice and academic study and the accumulation of moral educational capital by the combination of mentors,society,schools,families and peer groups.

Objective To study the effect of noise on the ability of learning and memory of mice,and observe the effect of herba Houttuyniae injection on the change of the ability of learning and memory in noise condition, and then analyses the mechanisms. Methods To choose suitable mice and divide into groups, applying Y-maze and colorimeter to determine the content of MDA and the enzyme activity of SOD, AChE and NOS of mice brain. Results Learning group in Y-maze, noise cause the ability of noise group (12.1±1.20) decrease(P＜0.01) compared with the control group(15.1±1.45), but herba Houttuyniae injection can reverse the ability of the mice, the correct frequency is much higher(P＜0.01)in herba Houttuyniae group(14.9±1.60). The results is same in the memory group, in Y-maze, noise cause the memory ability of noise group (5.20±1.40) decrease(P＜0.01) compared with the control group(6.30±1.32), but herba Houttuyniae injection can reverse the memory ability of the mice, the correct frequency is much higher(P＜0.01)in herba Houttuyniae group(6.10±1.10). Either learning or memory group mice, noise can decreased the activity of SOD and NOS of mice brain(P＜0.01), but the content of MDA and the ability of AChE elevated(P＜0.01). herba Houttuyniae injection can change the effect of noise to mice, the activity of SOD and NOS of mice brain elevated(P＜0.01) and the content of MDA and the ability of AChE decreased (P＜0.01). Conclusion herba Houttuyniae injection can prevent the ability of learning and memory of mice which decreased by noise, and have the effect of intoxication.

Objective To explore the effect of histamine in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).Methods NPE models of rabbits were made and H 1 receptor antagonist (chlorpheniramine, H 1 group), H 2 receptor antagonist (Cimetidine, H 2 group) or normal sodium (NS group) were injected into PVN of rabbits utilizing the technique of stereotaxis. The degree of pulmonary edema was observed, the content of histamine in PVN was measured by high performance liquid chromatogram, and the ration of lung-water and A/P value were calculated.Results (1) Compared with control group and sham operation group, the content of histamine of PVN in NPE group obviously increased ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of costimulatory molecules 4-1BB/4-1BBL on T cell activation with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients.Methods The expression of NF-kB mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA of T cells with 20 SLE patients and 20 normal controls before activation,after activation and blocked bv 4-1BB/4-1BBL were detected bv RT-PCR.The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and NF-kB were detected by Western blot.Results The expression of NF-kB mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA and the protein expression of NF-kB and p-p38 MAPK of T cell with SLE patients were higher than that of normal controls(P＜0.01).There were more expression of NF-kB mRNA,p38 MAPK mRNA,NF-kB protein and p-p38 MAPK protein of T cell with SLE patients stimulated by anti-CD3 monoantibody(P＜0.01).In anti-4-1BB monoantibody blockage group,there were decreased expression of p38 MAPK mRNA and p-p38 MAPK protein(P＜0.01).but not the decreased NF-kB mRNA and protein expression.Conclusion Costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays a critical role in T cell activation of SLE by p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of T lymphocyte proliferation,Th1 and Th2 cytokines on T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients by blocking 4-1BB/4-1BBL.Methods The proliferation of T cells from 30 SLE patients and 20 normal controls was detected by MTT and the levels of patients stimulated with anti-CD3 McAb were significantly higher than those of T cells without stimulation(P＜IFN-γand IL-4 in SLE were significantly higher than those of normal controls(P＜0.01).There were more ex-pression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in supernatant of T cells from SLE after stimulated with anti-CD3 McAb(P＜0.01).However,the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 was inhibited by anti-4-1BB McAb(P＜O.05),and especially the level of IL-4 was markedly decreased.Conclusion Blocking 4-1BB/4-IBBL can significantlv inhibit the abnormal activation of T cells and the secretion of Thl and Th2 cytokines of SLE.

Objective To survey and understand the endemic situation of schistosomiasis among 80 national surveillance sites in China in 2008, so as to provide the evidence for decision-making of schistosomiasis control. Methods According to the National Surveillance Protocol for Schistosomiasis, the data of schistosomiasis in residents, domestic animals and Oncomelania snails and other relevant factors were collected and analyzed in the 80 national surveillance sites. Results Among the 80 national surveillance sites, the average positive rate of residents with sera examination and the average infection rate of the residents were 9.86% and 0.67% , respectively, and the infection rate of domestic animals was 1.62% , all remarkably decreased compared with the rates of 2007, but the proportion of domestic animals stable breeding was only 6.07% . The areas of infected snail habitats and the new snail habitats were 177.70 hm~2 and 7.64 hm~2, respectively. The mean density of living snails and infection rate of snails were 0.32/0.1 m~2 and 0. 15% , respectively. Conclusions The endemic situation of residents, domestic animals and snails decreased in 2008 compared with those in 2007, and domestic animals are still the main infection sources of schistosomiasis, the management of domestic animals need to be further strengthened, meanwhile the surveillance and control of snails should be focused on.

Objective To realize the incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients after receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)procedure,and to evaluate the related factors for HAI.Methods Clinical data of patients receiving ECMO from January 2003 to December 2012 were collected and analyzed retro-spectively.Results Of 43 patients receiving ECMO,15 (34.88% )developed 24 times(55.81% )of HAI. The main HAI site was lower respiratory tract(n= 12,50.00% ),followed by blood stream(n= 6,25.00% ),skin and soft tis-sue(n= 5,20.83% ).A total of 28 isolates of pathogens were detected,gram-negative bacilli were 19(67.86% )iso-lates,gram-positive cocci 7(25.00% ),and fungi 2(7.14% );pathogens were mainly isolated from specimens of sputum(n= 12,42.86% ),blood (n= 9,32.14% )and wound secretion(n= 6,21 .43% ). The incidence of postopera-tive HAI in ECMO patients was related with patients’age,duration of ECMO,complication,mechanical ventila-tion,tracheal intubation or tracheotomy,and indwelling urinary catheter.Conclusion HAI in patients receiving EC-MO is high,hospital should take corresponding prevention and control measures targeting to the related risk factors of infection,so as to reduce the incidence of HAI after the ECMO.

Objective:To investigate the expression and role of costimulatory molecule CD137 on CD4+T cell in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:The expression of CD137 on T lymphocyte from 30 SLE patients and 20 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The expression of CD137 on CD4+T lymphocytes from patients with active SLE were significantly higher than that of patients with inactive SLE and normal control(21.56?4.08 vs 3.01?0.09,1.24?0.12,P

Objective To establish a continuous nursing index system for elderly hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients after decompressive craniectomy. Methods Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultations with 20 experts, and the expert consultation was conducted through an online questionnaire survey. Questionnaires set open issues behind each level of indicators, such as the need for additional indicators, deleted indicators, inaccurate indicators, and other recommendations. The purpose was to collect opinions and suggestions from experts on various levels of indicators so that the indicator system was more scientific and reliable. Results The response rate of 2 rounds of expert consultations was 100.0%,and experts who made constructive comments accounted for 35% and 5% respectively; the authority coefficient of experts was 0.83; the Kendall′s harmony coefficient after 2 rounds of survey was 0.085 to 0.251. An indicator system for elderly hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients after decompressive craniectomy consisting of 5 primary indicators, 20 secondary indicators, and 45 tertiary indicators was established. Conclusion Experts have high enthusiasm, a high degree of authority, and good coordination of opinions. The resulting index system has certain practical clinical significance and strong operability. However, it is still necessary to verify the continuity of care after discharge from the patient in order to further improve the system.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Yishen decoction (ZGJTYS) on the expression of nephrin and podocin in podocyte of MKR mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and explore its mechanism. Methods Forty MKR mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups as follows:negative control group (group A), DN model group (group B), ZGJTYS group (group C) and positive control group (group D, Gliquidone and benazepri). All mice from group B, C and D were received high-fat diet feed and unilateral nephrectomy. Four weeks after operation, all mice were received drug intervention, and four weeks later, all mice were put to death. The levels of UmAlb were observed by ELISA, the serum BUN and Cr by biochemical, and the FBG by electrochemical detection method. The nephrin and podocin mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR and the protein expression by western blotting. The morphological structure changes of the podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopes. Results As compared with group A, FBG, BUN, SCr and urine UmAlb in the mice of group B increased significantly (P<0.01), the expression level of nephrin and podocin mRNA and protein were markedly decreased (P<0.01). After intervention of drugs, all biochemical indicators above in the mice of group C and D significantly decreased (P<0.01), the expression level of nephrin and podocin mRNA and protein were markedly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), compared with group B. The renal pathological lesions of group C and D were significantly improved compared with group B. Conclusion ZGJTYS decoction exerts reno-protective effect via reinstating nephrin and podocin expression to repair the damaged podocyte.