[Objective] Via an empirical survey, this study is aimed to explore the imparting and mastering of Chinese cultural knowledge in China ’s present col ege English teaching, so as to offer some effective strategies for dealing with“Chinese culture aphasia”in current col ege English teaching in China. [Methods] Resorting to the research methodology of tests, questionnaires and interviews, it carries out an investigation of a number of col ege students and English teachers in Zhejiang Province into their mastering of Chinese cultural knowledge and its conveying in English as wel as the curriculum design of their col eges or departments. The relevant data derived from the research are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. [Results] The subjects al demonstrate the phenomenon of“Chinese culture aphasia”concerning both its comprehension and its English translation to varying degrees. Besides, cross-cultural commu-nication is twofold, so it is indispensible for learners to study simultaneously their native culture,which is a solid cornerstone and the crucial foundation for foreign language learning, but has been seriously deficient in col eges’curriculum design and students’textbooks; integrating Chinese as one of the com-pulsory courses and establishing corresponding examining and evaluating systems incorporating formative assessment and summative assessment, are sure to cope with“Chinese culture aphasia”in present col ege English teaching in China effectively. [Conclusion] The research and solution above are expected to shed light on teaching syl abus formulations and curriculum designs, enhance students ’humanistic quality and their communication capabilities in reality, and consequently popularize the excellent Chinese culture.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and the clinical application value of serum soluble MICA protein in patients with esophageal carcinoma or cardiac carcinoma.Methods The serum sMICA was concomitantly determined by ELISA in 50 preoperative patients with esophageal carcinoma or cardiac carcinoma and 20 healthy controls.Results The level of serum sMICA in patients was significantly higher than that in controls[(322.42±9.09)pg/ml,(176.00±11.69)pg/ml](P＜0.01).In patients with TNM stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,the level of serum sMICA increased significantly in order(P＜0.05).In patients with lymph node metastasis.the level of serum sMICA was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis.The level of serum sMICA in patients with imbricate carcinoma was higher than patients with glandiform carcinoma.In patients with TNM stageⅢ.the level of serum sMICA after operation was significantly lower than that before operation.ConclusionSerum sMICA could be an assistant indicator for esophageal carcinoma or cardiac carcinoma.sMICA could be considered as a new tumour symbol to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of esophageal and cardiac carcinoma.

Objective To compare Th1/Th2 drift situation in patients with lymphoma with that in patients with solid tumors, and establish the effective immune function detectable criterion of lymphoma in biological treatment process. Methods The whole blood samples of 10 patients with lymphoma, 202 patients with solid tumors including 36 patients with upper digestive tract cancer, 64 colorectal cancer, 43 lung cancer and 20 the other malignancies, and 30 healthy persons as controls were collected. Stimulation agent was used to stimulate the cells in order to increase cell factor expression and fluorescent labeled specific anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody was used to bind with specific antigen. The expression of specific cytokines was detected by flow cytometry. Results Positive percentages of IFN- γ and IL-4 and ratio of IFN- γ /IL-4 in CD+4 T cells of human peripheral blood had statistically differences between in patients with lymphoma and controls (P < 0.05). The ratio of Thl/Th2 (CD+4 intracellular cytokine INF-α/IL-4) in patients with lymphoma was lower than that in patients with upper digestive tract cancers (esophagus and stomach cancers) (P = 0.023), however, had no statistical differences with that in patients with other solid tumors (colorectal, lung, kidney, breast and other tumors), but had a downward trend. Conclusion Immune functions in patients with lymphoma are lower than those in patients with solid tumors and immune treatment is a necessary to adjuvant chemotherapy. The ratio of Th1/Th2 (INF- α/IL-4) is expected to become effective detection criterion.

Objective To detect the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines of peripheral CD+4 T lymphocytes in patients with colonic cancer in order to find out the significance of variance of imbalance in clinical therapy.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by stimulator in order to enhance the expression of cytokines.Then a specific fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibody was added to be combined with its specific antigen.Cytokines were detected by flow cytometry.Results The levels of Th1 type cytokines such as interferon-γ/(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)were significantly lower in patients of colonic cancer than those of normal controls.The levels of Th2 type cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10)were higher in patients of colonic cancer than those of normal controls.Conclusion Th1/Th2 shihs in colonic cancer.It is suggested that the levels of INF-γ/IL-4 in colonic cancer may provide clinical index for the prognosis and evaluation of immunity.

Objective To investigate the relative activity of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein in the plasma of breast cancer patients, analyze the expression of P-glycoprotein before and after chemotherapy and evaluate its clinical value. Methods The plasma of patients and chemical reagents were mixed and distributed into the 96-well plate. The plate was read at 340 nm absorbaace before and after reaction. The variation of absorbance for each well was calculated, and then relative activity of each sample was compared to the referent compound activity. The relative activity of over 30 % was taken as positive expression of the P-gp for each sample. Results The frequency of P-glycoprotein expression was significantly increased from 16.2 % before chemotherapy to 43.2 % after chemotherapy (P<0.05). The positive expression of P-glycoprotein before and after chemotherapy were 5/6 and 9/16, respectively, in patients with positive lymph node metastasis, and 1/6 and 7/16, respectively, in patients with negative lymph node metastasis. Conclusion The results of this preliminary study suggest in P-glycoprotein expression in plasma of patients play an important role in the selection of drugs, which may be useful to evaluate the prognosis for treatment of breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of NKG2D peripheral blood of patients with esophageal carcinoma and expression of the soluble form of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ-related chain A (MICA). To analyze and discuss the function of NKG2D in anti-esophageal carcinoma mechanism and its relation with escape of immunosurveillance of cancer. Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect NKG2D in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 25 normal control individuals. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of soluble MICA. Results The expression of NKG2D were(87.25±3.06), (88.38±4.24), (92.46±1.46) respectively. Compared with the normal control individual, the expression of NKG2D in esophageal carcinoma group was significantly low; Among patients categorized according to most disease parameters tested (tumor size, grade of differentiation, regional lymph node status, disease stage), soluble MICA levels in sera did not statistically differ from those in normal control individuals. Patients with stage Ⅳ disease and/or regional lymph node metastasis, exhibited significantly higher serum levels of soluble MICA than control individuals. Conclusion The activity of NK cell and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level reduce in patients with esophageal carcinoma. The decrease of the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the descend of the the activity of NK cells. The escape of immunosurveiilance with esophagal carcinoma may correlate with down-regulate of NKG2D expression and up-regulate of sMICA.

Objective To observe the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines of peripheral blood CD+4 T lymphocytes at different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,in order to find out the laboratory evidence of tumor immunotherapy.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by stimulator in order to enhance the expression of cytokines.Then specific fluorescent-conjugated monoclonal antibodies were added to combine with its specific antigens.Cytokines were detected by flow cytometry.Results At different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,the levels of Th1 type cytokines of each stage was significant.The levels of Th2 type cytokines at each stage were not significant.The IFN-γ//IL-4 ratio were significantly different during tumor immunothempy.Conclusion At different stage of treatment of colonic cancer,the levels of Th,type cytokines were obviously associated with treatment.The levels of Th2 type cytokines had no association with treatment.Among them,the changes of Th1/Th2 ratio (IFN-γ/IL-4) had more correlation with tumor immunotherapy.So the reasonable immunotherapy can reverse Th1/Th2 ratio and immune inhibition.

Objective To study the variety and significance of immune function in lung cancer patients.Methods 68 pretherapy lung cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers with peripheral blood samples by flow cytometry.Results The proportion of CD+3T cells,CD+4T cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 decreased in lung cancer patients,while the proportion of CD+8T cells and natural killer cells increased.Serum levels of TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy controls,while the ratio of Th1/Th2 was decreased.(2)The natural killer cells level was negatively correlated with the CD3,CD4,CD8 levels respectively.The CD4 level was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-6,IL-10 respectively.(3)No statistically significant relationship was found between the peripheral blood lymphocyte,Th1-Th2 cytokines and pathological type,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis.Conclusion Immune suppression was very common in lung cancer patients,particularly cell mediated immunity suppressed markedly.The proportion and function of CD+4T cells decreased significantly.which may resulted from the Th1,Th2 imbalance.Natural killer cells and CD+8T cells increased significantly,but could not prevent tumor development,which may resulted from these factors that suppress immune response in tumor microenvironment.

Objective To observe the local field potential activity of dorsomedial and dorsolater striatal (STR) neurons in rats with exercise-induced fatigue,so as to explore the regional characteristics of those neurons.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group(CG),a single fatigue group(SFG)and a repeated fatigue group(RFG),each of 12.The exercise-induced fatigue model was established according to a load-increasing treadmill running protocol.The CG did not do any treadmill running,SFG finished one-time exhaustive exercise while the RFG repeated exhaustive exercise 6 times.The extracellular glass microelectrode technique was used to record the spontaneous firing of dorsomedial(n=6)and dorsolateral(n=6)STR neurons in vivo to observe the discharging frequency,characteristics and types.Results (1)Spontaneous firing frequencies of striatal neurons in SFG were significantly higher than those of CG(P＜0.01),while those of RFG were significantly lower than SFG.(2) After repeated fatigues,there were significant decreases in the irregular firing pattern and significant increase in the explosive firing of striatal neurons compared with CG(P＜0.05).(3)After the single fatigue and repeated fatigue,the discharging frequency of dorsomedial medium spiny-like neurons increased significantly(P＜0.05),and that after repeated fatigue significantly higher than that of the dorsolateral(P＜0.01).The discharge frequency of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral fast-spiking neurons decreased significantly after repeated fatigues.The discharge frequency of dorsolateral large aspiny-like neurons of RFG was significantly higher than SFG,while that of the latter was significantly lower than CG(P＜0.05).Conclusions (1)Striatal neurons mediate exercise-induced fatigue and present regional characteristics,which might be due to dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatal neurons receiving different types of projection neurons.(2) Striatal fast-spiking neurons may play an important role in mediating the exercise-induced fatigue.

Objective To investigate the correlation of P-gP,bel-2,STAT3,IL-6,IL-10 and the resistance lymphoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents.Methods There were 28 patients,among them were divided into three groups:refractory lymphoma,lymphoma which is sensitive to agents and lymphodenitis.P-glycoprotein(P-gp)on lymphoma cell membrane,STAT3,bcl-2,IL-6 and IL-10 level into lymphonla cell were detected using FCM,and the correlation between them and chemotherapy efficacy were analysed. Results In refractory lymphoma patients,P-gp and hcl-2 are significant higher than that of the group which is sensitive to agents(P:0.01,P=0.039),but STAT3,IL-6 and IL-10 were not significant different between these two groups(P>o.05).P-gp is significant higher in lymphoma than in lymphodenitis(P=0.01).STAT3 in lymphoma is significant lower than that of in lymphodenitis (P=0.04).The level bcl-2,IL-6 and IL-10 between lymphoma and lymphodenitis are not significant different(P>0.05).Conclusion The expression level of bel-2 and p-gP is correlated to resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents in lymphoma cells.STAT3 play a role in lymphoma cell signal transduction,but it is not certain in lymphoma cell muhidrug resistance.