Objective] In order to guide the treatment based on syndrome differentiation and to provide theory and thinking method for further research , the article researched the experience in treating phlegm syndrome of Pro.Wu Weikang,a prominent physician of Longjiang medical school,and discussed the four treatments of phlegm syndrome. [ Methods] The article researched experience in treatment of phlegm syndrome mainly from four aspects: ①searching for the primary cause of disease in treatment; ②harmonizing method with warm medicine; ③treat qi before phlegm; ④synchronic treating phlegm and blood stasis. [Results] Pro.Wu Weikang maintained that strange and chronic diseases are accompanied with phlegm. Thus he advocated that searching for the primary cause of disease in treatment,the treatment with mild medicine,the priority over qi treatment and the simultaneous treatment of both phlegm and stasis. These principles are widely used in clinic and highly effective. [Conclusion]The experience in prescription component of the treatment of phlegm syndrome not only has a high scientific content ,but also has significant guidance of clinical practice.

[Objective] In order to guide the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, and provide the basis for further research on the ideological system of Wu Weikang, a famous professor of Longjiang medical school, the article studied Wu Weikang's experiences in the treatment of nephropathy and discussed the three basic prescriptions of him for treatment of kidney diseases. [Methods] The article discussed experiences in the treatment of nephropathy and academic thought on the basic of the three prescriptions of Wu Weikang such as eight-ingredients detoxification decoction ,yinqiao dihuang decoction and jiawei shenqi decoction. [Results] According to the common pathogenesis and kidney disease clinical symptoms, Professor Wu Weikang often chooses eight-ingredients detoxification decoction,yinqiao dihuang decoction and Jiawei Shenqi decoction as the basic prescriptions applied to the treatment of the dampness-heat of bladder syndrome, kidney deficiency and dampness-heat of bladder syndrome, and edema syndrome due to kidney yang deficiency, and the curative effect is remarkable. [Conclusion] Eight-ingredients detoxification decoction ,yinqiao dihuang decoction and Jiawei Shenqi decoction are the three prescriptions commonly used to treat the nephropathy by professor Wu Weikang in clinic. These prescriptions are widely used in clinic and highly effective. Practical experiences of these prescriptions will be elaborated here, so as to extract their essences to guide clinical practice.

Objective To analysis the clinical feaures and risk factors of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). Methods Analysis clinical data of 68 recurrent ICH patients and compared with those of patients with first-ever ICH. Results 43 recurrences were seen in 38 patients.The mean interval between 2 episodes was(3.9?2.8)years.The most common type of recurrence was"ganglionic-ganglionic",next was"ganglionic-thalamic",and"ganglionic-lo- bar"seldom.Most recurrences occurred contrala-terally and seldom at the same site as the first episode.In contrast to those with first-ever ICH,patients with recurrent ICH most have a hypertension and course of longer,all with a poor control.Analysis showed that the hypertension course was positively and the age of the first hemorrhage was negatively associated with the recurrence of ICH.Conclusion The risk of recurrence of ICH is relatively high within the first 4 years after the previous hemorrhage.Positively control hypertension to normal level,It will have impartant meaning to prevent occurrence of recurrent ICH.

Objective To investigate the significance of Human papilloma virus(HPV)typing in the screening of cervical dis-ease.Methods 687 cases of gynecological patients in the hospital were enrolled in the study,whose HPV-DNA genotype was detec-ted by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR).In addition to that,389 healthy women who took gynecological examina-tion in the hospital in the same period were enrolled in the study,HPV-DNA quantitative detection were performed on those people (FQ-PCR were used)firstly,and the persons with more than 5×102 IU/mL HPV-DNA were tested for the HPV-DNA subtype. Results In the 687 cases of gynecological patients,164 cases were HPV positive which accounted for 23.9%;The single-infection patients accounted for 74.3%,mixed infection accounted for 25.6%.The mixed infection included 2 -4 types of infection,among which the double infection was most common.The common type were HPV16,52,58 and 35.In 389 cases of healthy women,29 ca-ses were found HPV positive,which accounted for 7.5%;The single infection accounted for 79.3%,mixed infection accounted for 20.7%,mixed infection included 2-3 types of HPV infection,in which double infection is the most common situation.The common type were HPV52,58,16 and 18.Conclusion HPV infection is the major cause of cervical cancer,HPV detection and typing con-tribute to cervical cancer screening and its prevention.

Objective To study the protective effects of the polyphenols of vitis amurensis Rupr(PVAR) on rat heart mitochondria injury induced by oxygen radicals.Methods Experiment was designed into 5 groups:normal group,injury group and 25,50,100 mg?L-1PVAR+injury group.In experiment of rat heart mitochondria injury in vitro,vitamin C and FeSO4 played as an injury agent,PVAR played as a protective agent.The cardiolipin and MDA level of the mitochondria were determined.The membrane fluidity,ATPase activity and swelling of the mitochondria were examined.Results Compared with injury group,the cardiolipin was increased(P

BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine possesses the effect to reduce ototoxicity of gentamicin, whether does it antagonize the ototoxicity of gentamicin through influencing the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in cochlea of guinea pigs with gentamicin induced ototoxicity? BJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine on the expression of HSP70 in cochlea of guinea pigs with gentamicin induced ototoxicity through immunohistochemistry and image analysis technique in combination with the measurement of auditory brainstem response (ABR).DESIGN: A randomized controlled study, and linear correlation analysis. ETTING: Physiological Department of Shenyang Medical College and Audiological Laboratory of China Medical University.MATERIALS: Totally 40 white and red-eye healthy guinea pigs of lean grade and with keen auricle reflect, weighing 200 - 250 g, of either gender, were at random divided as gentamicin group, ligustrazine + gentamicin group, ligustrazine group, and normal control group, with 10 in each group.METHODS: Ligustrazine injection 140 mg/kg was intraperitoneally at the left side given for animals in ligustrazine + gentamicin group, and at the same time gentamicin sulfate injection 100 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally at the right side. The same dosage of gentamicin sulfate injection was intraperitoneally given for animals in gentamicin group. The same dosage of ligustrazine was intraperitoneally give for animals in ligustrazine group. The normal saline 2.5 mL/kg was intraperitoneally given for animals in normal control group. Administration was consecutively given for 10 days for each group, once a day. The body mass was measured every day for regulating the dosage. Before starting and after finishing the administration, the thresholds of ABR of all animals in each group were measured respectively. After finishing administration, all animals in each group were put to death, and the conditions of expressions of HSP70 in cochlea of guinea pigs were investigated by SABC immunohistochemistry and image analysis technology.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① the thresholds of ABR of all animals in each group; ② expressions of HSP70 in cochlea of guinea pigs in each group.RESULTS: ① The thresholds of ABR of guinea pigs: The thresholds in ligustrazine + gentamicin group and gentamicin group were obviously higher than that in normal control group [(21.09±4.50) dBnHL, (36.55±6.13)dBnHL, (2.50±2.75) dBnHL, t=15.764-22.665, P ＜ 0.001]. The threshold in ligustrazine + gentamicin group was obviously lower than that in gentamicin group (t=9.092, P ＜ 0.001). ② The expressions of HSP70 in each part of cochlea of guinea pigs: The mean gray values of cellular HSP70 positive reaction products in Corti's organ, vascular stria and spiral ligament, spiral limbus and spiral ganglion in gentamicin group were lower than those in normal control group (88.24±4.34, 96.85±1.05; 121.24±0.92,128.76±1.59; 96.15±1.10, 98.78±0.54; 117.73±1.18, 120.51±0.80, t=6.097-18.307, P ＜ 0.001). The mean gray values of cellular HSP70 positive reaction products in ligustrazine + gentamicin group were lower than those in gentamicin group (92.53±2.25, 88.24±4.34; 125.20±1.43, 121.24±0.92;98.71±0.91, 96.15±1.10, 118.91±0.46, 117.73±1.18, t=3.925-10.415, P＜ 0.001).③ The mean gray value of cellular HSP70 positive reaction products in each part of cochlea of guinea pigs was highly correlated with the threshold of ABR (r=-0.814 1 to -0.984 1, P ＜ 0.001).CONCLUSION: Ligustrazine could reduce the threshold of ABR and the expression of HSP70 in cochlea with gentamicin toxicosis so as to relieve gentamicin ototoxic injury, hence improving auditory function.

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induced by acetaldehyde, as well as the role of the antioxidant axis Nrf2-keap1-ARE. Methods: Hepatic stellate cell-T6 (HSC-T6) cells were cultured in vitro, and after 24 and 48 hours of acetaldehyde stimulation at various concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol/L), MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation rate to screen out the optimal conditions for model establishment. HSC-T6 cells were treated first with the optimal concentration of acetaldehyde (200 μmol/L) for 24 hours and then with different concentrations of IL-22 (10, 20, and 50 ng/ml) for 24 hours. MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation, Western blot and cell immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and spectrophotometry was used to measure the changes in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in culture supernatant. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis and data were expressed as mean±SD. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of means between any two groups. Results: HSCs had significantly enhanced proliferation and activation after being treated with acetaldehyde, especially at 200 μmol/L for 48 hours. After the intervention with gradient concentrations of IL-22, the proliferation and activation of HSCs were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the proliferation and migration rates in the 10, 20, and 50 ng/ml IL-22 groups were 14%, 25%, and 35%, respectively (all P < 0.05). The results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of Nrf2 total protein in HSCs between groups, while there was extremely low expression of Nrf2 nucleoprotein in the blank control group. There was increased expression of Nrf2 nucleoprotein after acetaldehyde stimulation (compared with the blank control group, P < 0.05), and after the intervention with gradient concentrations of IL-22, the expression of Nrf2 nucleoprotein was further increased (all P < 0.05). The results of spectrophotometry showed that compared with the blank control group, the model group had increased levels of MDA and GSH in culture supernatant after acetaldehyde stimulation; after the intervention with gradient concentrations of IL-22, there was a significant reduction in the MDA level and a significant increase in the GSH level in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The activation and proliferation of HSCs induced by acetaldehyde helps with the successful establishment of an in vitro model of alcoholic liver fibrosis. IL-22 effectively inhibits the activation and proliferation of HSCs induced by acetaldehyde, and its mechanism may be related to promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation in HSCs and expression of the downstream target gene GSH and increasing the activity of the antioxidant axis Nrf2-keap1-ARE.

Objective To establish a simple and sensitive detection method of Sendai virus ( SeV ) by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( RT-LAMP) technique. Methods According to the published Gen-Bank sequences (DQ219803. 1), six pairs of primers were designed targeting the conserved region of SeV. The amplifica-tion products were detected with a LAMP real-time Turbidimeter. (LA-302). Through optimizing the LAMP primers and re-action conditions, a rapid and specific detection method of SeV was established. Meanwhile, the amplified products were colored by fluorescence detection reagent after completion of the reaction, so that the amplification could be visualized and detected by naked eyes. Then, methodological evaluation of the RT-LAMP was tested. Results The method of RT-LAMP showed a highly efficient amplification for SeV viral target gene which was performed at 63℃ for 60 min with the LAMP re-al-time Turbidimeter (LA-302). The detection limit was 2. 1 TCID50, 100 times higher than that of RT-PCR, and no cross-reaction with other RNA and DNA viruses of mice was observed. The results of SeV LAMP reaction was visualized and the tube could be directly observed by naked eyes with the addition of fluorescence detection reagent. The results were consist-ent with the results detected by real-time tubidimeter. 92 clinical samples were detected byRT- LAMP, RT-PCR and indi- rect ELISA, and the coincidence rate was 100%. Conclusions This established SeV RT-LAMP detection method is fast, specific, highly sensitive,easy to perform under simple conditions, and is suitable for rapid detection of Sendai viirus.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of berberine, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)eradication.Methods From December 2015 to April 2016,566 patients with initial treatment of H.pylori infection were prospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into observation group (berberine, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth) and control group (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, lansoprazole, bismuth), 283 cases in each group, and the treatment courses in two groups were both 14 days.Four weeks after completion of the treatment, the eradication rate of H.pylori and adverse effect rate of the two groups were compared.Student t test and Chi square test were performed for comparison between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline demographic data including gender,age, body mass index (BMI), symptom score between patients of the two groups (all P>0.05).Four weeks after completion of the treatment, the eradication rates of observation group and control group were 87.5%(244/279) and 87.1%(242/278) according to per-protocol analysis, and which were 86.2%(244/283) and 85.5 %(242/283) according to intention-to-treat analysis.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2=0.021,0.058;both P>0.05).The adverse effect rates of the two groups were 12.5%(35/279) and 16.5%(46/278), and there was no statistically significant difference (x2=1.795,P=0.180).Conclusions Both the new quadruple regimen containing berberine, amoxicillin and bismuth, and the standard quadruple regimen containing clarithromycin, amoxicillin and bismuth both can effectively eradicate H.pylori infection.The new regimen might be recommended as first-line eradication regimen in Xi′an district or area with high clarithromycin resistance.

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for maintaining the function of the central nervous system. Its leakage can occur prior to structural changes. At present, the role of BBB leakage abnormalities in the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment has attracted attention, and it has been found that Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment are related to BBB leakage abnormalities. This article reviews the pathophysiology of BBB leakage in Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment.