Abstract To analyzes the characteristics, problems and enlightenment of physical activity observation tools, so as to provide reference for researchers to quickly and accurately choose appropriate observation tools to evaluate children s and adolescents physical activity. Literature search is conducted in eight databases of Chinese and English, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Ultimately, eight observation tools for assessing physical activity in children and adolescents are included. Through summarization and comparison, it is found that the applications of those tools cover multiple age groups, the observation indicators cover multiple dimensions for each with varying emphases, and the applicable contexts vary in their specific background information, and recording methods tend to be quantitative. However, several issues remain to be addressed in practical applications. First, the observation indicators need to be supplemented and improved; second, physical activity in community environments and academic classrooms requires further attention; third, physical activity intensity needs to be scientifically evaluated; fourth, observation and recording methods need to be integrated and innovated; fifth, the number of observation subjects needs to be expanded. Future research could focus on developing observation tools tailored to the characteristics of Chinese children and adolescents, while drawing on foreign observation tools to comprehensively assess physical activity among children and adolescents.

To understand the progress of, summarize the lessons learned from and analyze the challenges in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2024, this article presented the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People’s Republic of China in 2024. By the end of 2024, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate schistosomiasis elimination achievements, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi maintained the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2024, including 26 061 endemic villages covering 73 630 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 450 counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, 388 (86.22%) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 62 (13.78%) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2024, a total of 4 102 624 individuals received immunological tests for schistosomiasis in China, with 44 823 sero-positives identified (1.09% seroprevalence), and a total of 169 722 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 1 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 321 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2024. In 2024, a total of 575 686 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic villages of China, and 113 842 bovines received immunological tests, with 235 sero-positives detected (0.21% seroprevalence), while no egg-positives were identified among the 167 475 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2024, snail survey was performed covering an area of 680 498.27 hm² in China, and 190 778.66 hm² snail habitats were identified, including 59.09 hm² emerging snail habitats and 704.23 hm² reemerging snail habitats. In 2024, a total of 19 665 schistosomiasis patients receiving chemotherapy with praziquantel in China, and expanded chemotherapy was given to humans at 571 722 person-times and to bovines at 306 740 herd-times. In addition, snail control with chemical treatment covered 117 111.37 hm² snail habitats across China in 2024, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 66 562.95 hm², while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 374.26 hm². The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both 0 among humans and bovines in China in 2024, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2024; however, the areas of snail habitats remained high and the number of fenced cattle showed a slight increase. To address these risks, it is imperative to maintain the integrated strategy with an emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infection and intensified snail control in high-risk areas, and to reinforce schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas.

Objective:To investigate the molecular characteristics and clinical heterogeneity of Usher syndrome（USH） -related gene variants in patients with hereditary hearing loss in southwest China, providing a basis for early diagnosis and clinical management. Methods:Thirteen patients from twelve families with hearing loss who attended the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and March 2021 were enrolled. All patients were identified as carrying USH-related gene variants through next-generation sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for all patients and their parents to validate the pathogenic variants. Comprehensive clinical evaluations, including medical history collection, otologic and ophthalmologic examinations, and vestibular function assessments, were conducted. Results:Among the 13 patients, 4 were diagnosed with USH type 1 and 2 with USH type 2. A total of 19 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were detected in USH-related genes, including MYO7A,CDH23,USH1C, and USH2A. The causative gene was MYO7A in 3 probands, CDH23 in 5, USH1C in 3, and USH2Ain 2. All patients exhibited an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Vestibular dysfunction was observed in 4 patients, and retinitis pigmentosa（RP） in 3 patients. Based on the genotype-phenotype correlation, 6 patients were initially diagnosed with USH, while 7 were classified as having non-syndromic hearing loss（NSHL）. Conclusion:This study revealed the clinical heterogeneity of USH-related gene variants in patients with hereditary deafness in southwest China. Although the clinical manifestations of USH are complex and there are overlapping characteristics between different subtypes, genetic testing provides an important basis for early diagnosis and precise clinical management. Especially for those with typical hearing loss, early genetic diagnosis can provide a window of time for early detection and intervention of retinitis pigmentosa.
Humans ; Usher Syndromes/genetics* ; Myosin VIIa ; Phenotype ; Male ; Female ; Myosins/genetics* ; Mutation ; Cadherins/genetics* ; Child ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics* ; Adolescent ; Pedigree ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Cadherin Related Proteins ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins

To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of rapamycin (RAPA) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in C57BL/6N mice. Based on body weight, the 18-20 g C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, chlormethine group, chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, with ten mice in each group. Mice were put to death on the 21st day after the first administration of chlormethine. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in the lung tissue of mice, and RT-PCR was used to detect collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA mRNA expression. After 21 days of administration of chlormethine to mice, significant pulmonary fibrosis characteristics were observed in the lung tissue of the mice. Compared with the chlormethine group, the weight of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with the chlormethine group, the expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related indicators (collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) significantly improved ( P<0.05) in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group. Compared with the chlormethine group, the pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, were significantly improved. Transcriptome analysis of the lung tissue of mice revealed that RAPA treatment of chlormethine-induced pulmonary fibrosis might be related to NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Compared with the chlormethine group, the mRNA expression of p65 in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly decreased ( P<0.01). RAPA has a protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in mice. Its efficacy is comparable to that of dexamethasone, which is currently being used in clinical practice. It is a new alternative therapy, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

A 29-year-old man visited Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University in December 2021. The patient presented with recurrent coughing, sputum, and wheezing, high level of serum total IgE, positive aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE and extremely severe mixed ventilatory dysfunction. These features and thoracic CT results scan showed bronchiectasis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. In consideration of his clinical characteristics, including low levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and nasal nitric oxide (nNO), persistent cough after birth, consanguineous marriage of his parents, etc. we ratiocinated a possibility of hereditary diseases, especially primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). From this perspective, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed and the diagnosis of PCD was ultimately confirmed.

Objective To summarise the best evidence for postpartum follow-up acquired from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus so as to provide an evidence-based reference for establishment of a postpartum follow-up program.Methods Literature on postpartum blood glucose follow-up in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus was retrieved from 17 major databases including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),International Guide Collaboration Network,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),American Diabetes Association website,Medlive,Cochrane Library,Embase,OVID,PubMed,Web of Science,Quanfang local PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,and Sinomed from the inception of databases to July 2023.The literature to be retrieved included guidelines,expert consensus,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,clinical decisions,and the original studies.Results A total of 9 articles,five practice guidelines,a systematic review,an evidence summaries,an expert consensus and a clinical decisions,were included.Totally,17 pieces of best evidence were summarised from the five aspects:postpartum blood glucose,lifestyle guidance,breastfeeding,drug treatment and health education.Conclusions The summarised best evidences can provide evidence-based references for postpartum follow-up of patients with gestational diabetes.Nursing staff in hospitals and community health centres should formulate relevant follow-up plans according to the actual postpartum conditions of patients in order to prevent the incidence of postpartum Type Ⅱ diabetes.

Talents are the core driving force to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals,and the talent team building is an important factor for hospitals to get sustainable development and improve comprehensive competitiveness.In view of the shortage of high-level talents,the imperfect talent reserve system,and the lagging personnel management mechanism of public hospitals and the resulting unreasonable talent team structure and talent gap,public hospitals should take talent team building as the starting point,pay equal attention to the introduction and training of talents,interact with discipline construction and talent construction,vigorously promote the construction of personnel management system and mechanism innovation,form a standardized,scientific,refined and efficient modern hospital management system,so that the effectiveness of talents can be max-imized,and provide intellectual support for the high-quality development of public hospitals.

Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Constipation/therapy* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Patients

To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of rapamycin (RAPA) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in C57BL/6N mice. Based on body weight, the 18-20 g C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, chlormethine group, chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, with ten mice in each group. Mice were put to death on the 21st day after the first administration of chlormethine. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in the lung tissue of mice, and RT-PCR was used to detect collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA mRNA expression. After 21 days of administration of chlormethine to mice, significant pulmonary fibrosis characteristics were observed in the lung tissue of the mice. Compared with the chlormethine group, the weight of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with the chlormethine group, the expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related indicators (collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) significantly improved ( P<0.05) in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group. Compared with the chlormethine group, the pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, were significantly improved. Transcriptome analysis of the lung tissue of mice revealed that RAPA treatment of chlormethine-induced pulmonary fibrosis might be related to NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Compared with the chlormethine group, the mRNA expression of p65 in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly decreased ( P<0.01). RAPA has a protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in mice. Its efficacy is comparable to that of dexamethasone, which is currently being used in clinical practice. It is a new alternative therapy, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens of bacterial bloodstream infection in patients with hematological diseases in the Department of Hematology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and to provide etiological data for clinical empirical anti-infection treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general clinical information, pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility test results of patients with hematological diseases diagnosed with bacterial bloodstream infection by menstrual blood culture in our center from January 2016 to December 2022.Results:Patients included 498 inpatients, with a total of 639 bacterial strains. Among the patients, 86.9% patients had malignancies, and 76.7% had agranulocytosis. Symptoms of concurrent infections, including those of the respiratory tract, oral mucosa, skin and soft tissues, and abdominal sources were observed in 68.3% patients. Gram-negative bacteria (G -) accounted for 79.0% of the isolated bacteria, and gram-positive bacteria (G +) accounted for 21.0%. The top five isolated pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.5%), Escherichia coli (20.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0%), Enterococcus faecium (5.5%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilum (5.0%). Escherichia coli exhibited a decreasing trend of resistance to quinolones, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited increasing rates of resistance to quinolones and cephalosporins between 2016 and 2018, but the rated decreased after 2019. The resistance rate to carbapenems exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was approximately 20%. Carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were first detected in 2017, with a peak resistance rate of 35.7%, detected in 2019. A 60.0% resistance rate to methicillin was observed in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS), and one case of linezolid-resistant MRCNS was detected. Conclusions:Pathogenic bacteria of bacterial bloodstream infections were widely distributed in our center, and precautions are warranted against carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.