Objective To probe into the burden of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) ,coping styles and the correlation. Methods A survey involving 143 caregivers of patients with AD was conducted with Caregivers' Burden Scale and a simple Coping Style Questionnaire to analyze the burden of caregivers of AD and the characteristics of their coping styles and discuss the correlation. Results The burden of the caregivers of patients with AD was at intermediate level the score was 46. 96 ±7. 28. 78. 32% of the caregivers had intermediate burden. Both the grade of the positive coping and that of the negative coping of the caregivers of patients with AD were higher than the domestic norm (P < 0.01); the positive coping styles of the caregivers of patients with AD were negatively related with their burden while nursing; their negative coping styles were positively related with their burden while nursing (P < 0.01). Conclusion The burdens while nursing are related with their coping styles. In the aspect of nursing activity, caregivers should be encouraged to adopt positive coping styles.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the phlegm etiology and the prevention measures of respiratory tract infection in 89 cases with heavy type hepatitis in hospital.METHODS From Jan 2004 to May 2007,the phlegm from respiratory tract hospital infection patients were studied retrospectively.RESULTS The main respiratory tract pathogens were the G-bacillui(44.5%),G+ cocci(23.2%),Candida albicans(16.8%),Aspergillus(9.0%) and yeast-like fungi(4.5%).CONCLUSIONS The investigation of the etiology suggests that the prevention of respiratory tract infection be the main measure to decrease hospital infection in heavy type hepatitis patients.

Objective To study the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyphthlate (DBP) treated with Rat Liver S9 on proliferation MCF-7 cells. Methods Added the positive control 17?-estradiol (E2) and compounds of BPA and DBP with the effect of Rat Liver S9 to MCF-7 cells proliferation respectively and determinated the quantity of MCF-7 cells with MTT assay. Results The activity of E2 and DBP stimulated MCF-7 cells decreasing significantly with the effect of Liver S9 than without the effect of Liver S9, while BPA stimulated MCF-7 cells increasing significantly with the effect of Liver S9 than that without the effect of Liver S9. Conclusion E2 and DBP have a lower estrogenic activity with the effect of S9 than without the effect of S9. BPA shows a higher estrogenic activity with the effect of S9 than without the effect of S9.

Objective To investigate the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolism or carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 diabetic(T2DM). Methods According to the liver B-ultrasonography, a total of 321 T2DM patients were divided into two groups, with or without NAFLD. Metabolic indexes such as BMI, BP, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid ( UA ), insulin, C-peptipe,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) between the two groups were compared, and the relationships between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the above indexes were analyzed. Furthermore,the CIMT of the two groups were compared, and the relationships between NAFLD, ALT and CIMT were investigated by correlation and regression analysis. Results Compared with the group without NAFLD, the patients with NAFLD had higher level of BMI, triglyceride ( TG ), UA, fasting blood glucose ( FBG ), fasting insulin ( FIns ), fasting C peptide (FCP) ,HOMA-IR,and lower level of high density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly; BMI ( OR = 1.25, P ＜0. 001 ), TG ( OR = 1.74, P = 0. 008 ) and HOMA-IR ( OR = 2. 33, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of NAFLD while H DL-C was independent protective factor; ALT was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0. 255, P ＜0. 001 ) ,TG(r =0. 156,P ＜0. 018) ,UA(r =0. 239,P ＜0. 001 ) ,FIns(r =0. 213,P =0. 001) ,FCP(r =0. 199,P ＜0. 003), HOMA-IR ( r = 0. 247, P ＜ 0. 001 ) and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r = - 0. 199, P =0. 002) ,and BMI (β =0. 456,P =0. 048) ,UA (β =0. 021 ,P =0. 025) and HOMA-IR(β =3.634 ,P =0. 004)were independent associated facrors. The difference of CIMT between the two groups didn't reach statistical significance, while mutiple regression analysis revealed that ALT was independently associated with CIMT(β =0. 002,P = 0. 013). Conclusion T2DM patients with NAFLD show more serious disorder of metabolism and insulin resistance. ALT is an independent risk factor of CIMT in T2DM patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects and toxicities of the hyperthermic peritoneal peffusion with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) combined with chemotherapy for treatment malignant asci-tes. Methods 42 patients with malignant aacites from assimilation system tumor were catheterized,drained and flushed with L-OHP 85 mg/m2 in 2 000 ～2 500 ml of 5 % glucose and IL-2(2 MU),NRL-001 Double RF tumor hyperthermia system was applied to heat the abdominal part for 60 ～ 120 minutes at an intraperitoneal temperature of 41 -43 ℃ ,next day,all the patients were treated with calcium folinate(CF)0. 2 g/m2 by 2 hours intravenous infusion,5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 0. 4 g/m2 intravenously, followed by 46 hours continuous infusion of 5-FU (1 600 mg/m2), 2 weeks a cycle. Results The overall response rate was 66. 67%, including CR : 6 cases, PR:22 cases, NC:6 cases, and PD:8 cases. MST is 5.6 months. The main toxicity was impatient abdomen ache,paralysis intestinal obstruction. Conclusion Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with oxaliplatin and inter-leukin-2 combined with chemotherapy is efficient and safe in the treatment malignant ascites and can improve the quality of life. It is worthing wildly using and research.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of nifedipine combined with losartan on the blood pressure and renal function of hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease. METHODS:150 patients with hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Control group was orally treated with Nifedipine sustained release tablet 30 mg,once a day;observation group was additionally treated with Losartan potassium capsules 50 mg,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 1 month. Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,renal function indicators be-fore and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after 3 months was lower than 1 month and lower than before treatment in same group,renal function indicators were significantly lower than before treatment,and observation group was lower than control group,the differ-ences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Nifedipine combined with losartan can well control the blood pressure of hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease,protect renal functions,with good safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of TPh on hepatoma cells , cell viability and and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor.Methods The inhibitory rate of hepatoma cells and cell viability on different concentrations of TPh and time were measured by MTT assay;The morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by Hoechst 33258 straining; Cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM).The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot analysis.Results MTT assay showed that TPh inhibited the proliferation of HepG-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory rate increased with the increase of concentration.The inhibitory rate was 50.9% (P<0.01).The results of Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the fluorescence intensity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was light blue in fluorescence microscopy and bright blue fluorescence in apoptotic hepatocarcinoma cells, and the apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells increased with the increase of drug concentration.The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase increased with the increase of cell cycle, and the ratio of cells in S phase was decreased in G2/M phase compared with blank control group (P<0.05);Western blot results showed that compared with the blank control group, TPh inhibited the proliferation of Bcl-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner ( P <0.05 ) , and the number of apoptotic cells increased with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05), and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the TPh group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression of Bax gene increased. Conclusion TPh inhibits cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis and induces HepG-2 to block G0/G1 phase.Its mechanism may increase the expression of Bax and decrease Bcl-2 protein expression.

Objective To analyze the chromosome karyotypes,prenatal diagnosis indications and pregnancy outcomes of high-risk pregnant women in Guangzhou.Methods 2 475 cases pregnant women with screening high risk were operated amniocen-tesis or cordocentesis from January 2010 to September 2012,then amniotic fluids and cord bloods were cultured and the cell were collected for chromosome preparation,G banding,karyotype analysis.We completed follow-up works lastly.Results 38 cases were detected chromosomal abnormality(including 12 cases Down′s syndrome,9 cases sex chromosome abnormality,7 cases transloca-tion,5 cases Edwards′syndrome,2 cases inversion,2 cases deletion,1 cases triploid),the abnormal rate was 1.54%.132 cases were detected chromosomal polymorphism(60 cases 1,9,16qh+ ,30 cases inv(9),25 cases D/Gs+ ,17 cases Y polymorphism).Research on prenatal diagnosis indications,there were 449 cases advanced age,668 cases Down′s screening with high risk,158 cases with ab-normal B ultrasound screening,38 cases with adverse pregnancy history.Conclusion The highest percentage abnormal karyotype is Down′s syndrome.Down′s screening high risk is the main reason for prenatal diagnosis.It is very important to do prenatal diagnos-tic and system B ultrasound for the high-risk pregnant women.

Objective To study the pathology of primary neuroectodermal tumor (PNET),and its diagnostic standards and prognostic factors.Methods Expression of CD99,FLI-1,Syn,NSE,S-100,NF,and Vim was detected in PNET tissues stained with HE and immmunohistochemistry (En Vision method).Survival rate of 33 PNET patients with complete clinical information was analyzed with COX regression analysis method.Results The positive expression rate of CD99,FLI-1,Vim,Syn,NSE and s-100 was 88.57%,51.43%,91.42%,48.57%,45.71%,and 22.86%,respectively.The sensitivity of combined CD99 and FLI-1 was 100%.However,NF was not expressed in all PNET tissues.When other factors were unchanged,no difference was found in the effect of age on the survival rate of patients.However,a significant difference was observed in the effect of PNET site and its treatment modalities on the survival rate of patients (P

Objective To investigate drug resistance and clinical efficacy of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 183 multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) patients received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment in Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis during March 2011 and March 2013.Patients were divided into four groups according to the results of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs susceptibility test:group A (n =30) resistant to isoniazid (H) and rifamipicin (R) ; group B (n =28) resistant to HR and ethambutol (E) ; group C (n =53) resistant to HR and streptomycin (S) ; groups D (n =72) resistant to HRES.Drug susceptibility tests of second-line drugs kanamycin (Km),protionamide (Pto),paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) and levofloxacin (Lfx) were performed.Negative conversion rates of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture were also observed and compared among different groups with x2 test.Results Among 183 MDR-PTB patients,49 cases (26.8％) were resistant to Lfx,which was significantly higher than that of Km (8.7％,n =16),Pto (13.1％,n =24) and PAS (6.6％,n=12) (x2 =37.983,P＜0.05).The resistant rate to Lfx in group D was 45.8％ (33/72),which was higher than that in group A (2/30,6.7％),group B (6/28,21.4％) and group C (8/53,15.1％) (x2 =14.413,5.047 and 13.087,P ＜0.05).The occurrence of pre-extensively drug resistance (Pre-XDR) in group D was 34.7％ (25/72),which was higher than that in group A (3/30,10.0％) and group C (9/53,17.0％) (x2 =6.499 and 4.852,P ＜ 0.05).Among 157 MDR-PTB patients who received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment for one year,the negative conversion rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture was 87.3％ (137/157).The negative conversion rate in group D was lower than that in other groups,but the difference was not of statistical significance (x2 =1.899,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The efficacies of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs vary among MDR-TB patients resistant to different firstline anti-tuberculosis drugs.The sensitivity tests results of the first-line drugs may serve as reference for MDR chemotherapy regimen in lack of test results of second-line drugs.