OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of sciatic nerve combined with anesthesia and lumbar spinal combined anesthesia on the vital signs of knee replacement surgery.Methods 112 cases of knee joint replacement surgery with different anesthesia,in The second people's Hospital of Quzhou from August 2013 to August 2015,were selected and randomly divided into experimental group one and experimental group two,56 cases in each group.Experimental group one was treated with sciatic nerve combined with anesthesia,and experimental group two underwent combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,comparison of changes in vital signs,blood pressure and other vital signs after 2 groups.Results After anesthesia,the changes of vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure of experimental group one was significantly higher than that of experimental group two,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group one was significantly lower than that in the experimental group two(26.8％),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The MMSE score in the experimental group one(26.44±0.76)was significantly lower than that of the experimental group two(27.18±0.72),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in MMSE score between the two groups before anesthesia,6 hours,24 hours and 72 hours after operation.Conclusion Patients with knee replacement surgery were treated with sciatic nerve combined with anesthesia after treatment to stabilize the vital signs of patients,and less adverse reactions,more suitable for knee replacement surgery anesthesia treatment.

Objective Qualitative research was used to study the psychological experience of caregivers of children with Down syndrome so as to give them necessary support. Methods Objective sampling method was used to select 8 children with Down syndrome caregivers as the research object, using unstructured interviews to collect data and carefully read, analyze, encode and collect the records of interviews, and then sublimate the theme concept reflecting the psychological experience of the research object. Results A total of 4 themes had been raised:the pain and helplessness of the child, the stress and exhaustion of the body, the feeling of hopeless, the desire for support and understanding. Conclusions The psychological stress of the main caregivers of Down syndrome is great, we should help them relieve the pressure, instruct them to train the children correctly, make them strengthen their self-confidence and take better care of their children.

Objective Human A20 is one of the endogenetic regulating proteins of inflammation in vivo and play important roles in preventing uncontrolled inflammatory response as well as endogenetic cellular protection.Our aim is to prepare a recombinant protein of human A20(rhA20) in Pichia pastoris and then research its roles in sepsis therapy.Methods rhA20 yeast expression vector yevCFP-hA20 was constructed by genetic engineering.Pichia pastoris with linearized yevCFP-hA20 was electroporated.The high copy clones were screened with MD/His~(-) medium and YPD/G418 gradient medium.The number of hA20 in yeast genome was detected by quantitative PCR.The rhA20 was expressed by methanol induction and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The optimum conditions(including pH and ingredient of induced medium as well as the temperature of induced culture) were investigated.Results The molecular weight of rhA20 is about 93?10~3.After expression condition's optimization by decreasing the pH of BMMY medium,adding a low dosage of EDTA and the substrate of protease,as well as decreasing the induced temperature,the full expressing products was up to 11 times,rose to 18.24% in total protein and achieved to 254.1 024.52?g/ml.Conclusion we have successfully expressed rhA20 in Pichia pastoris GS115.The expression amount of full rhA20 increases clearly by progressing the ingredient and pH of BMMY and using a lower inducing temperature.This starts the biosynthesis of hA20 in vitro.A new solving regime is provided to other biologist when they meet product's degradation by using Pichia pastoris GS115.

Pediatric cardiac injury is common in primary heart disease and secondary systemic diseases.The pathophysiological processes include ischemic injury or direct injury, as well as focal or diffuse myocardial inflammatory lesions.Myocardial injury markers, including myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzyme muscle B and troponin, are first used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) in adult, and have greatly improved the efficiency of diagnosis with their sensitivity and specificity.However, due to the very different pathogenesis of myocardial injury in pediatric and adult ACS, as well as the particularity that children are in continuous growth and development, it is necessary to evaluate the value of the myocardial injury markers and their biological reference intervals in pediatrics.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the performance of the double antigen sandwich method reagents by comparing the detection results of three kinds of domestic hepatitis C virus(HCV)antibody detection kits with indirect method and sandwich method.Methods The different test methods were designed.The HCV antibody detection by using three kinds of reagents was performed on the collected positive and negative specimens and those specimens with positive reaction by the single and dual rea-gents were simultaneously performed the recombinant immunoblot assay(RIBA)and the nucleic acid detection;in addition,after the multiple proportion dilution,the quality control material with known content was parallelly detected with three kinds of reagents. All the detection results were conducted the comparison and the comprehensive analysis.Results Compared with the confirmation reagent,the false positive rates of two kinds of indirect method reagent and one kind of sandwich method reagent were 40.9%, 59.1% and 2.2% respectively.Their positive rates were 100%,but the analytical sensitivity of the sandwich method was higher than that of the indirect method by 1 ~4 times.Conclusion The sandwich ELISA reagent is significantly superior to the indirect EllSA reagent in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity.

The freshmen admission education in academic library is characterized by multiple contents and forms with gradual transformation of education position to network in information environment .The cases of freshmen ad-mission education in libraries of Beijing Normal University , Qinghua University , Shanghai Jiaotong University , and Jinan University were analyzed with its new techniques and new models summarized .The future direction of fresh-men admission education was forecasted , including establishment of standard freshmen education concept , use of more new techniques and more innovative methods .

Objective To study the effect of aesthetic care in breast surgery nursing. Methods 40 cases of breast cancer patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method,20 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with aesthetic nursing while the control group was treated with routine nursing. Results The nursing satisfaction and Self-rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of the observation group were significantly better than those in control group(P<0.05). Conclusions In the application of breast surgical nursing,it can effectively adjust the patient's mentality,accelerate the recovery rate of patients,significantly improve the patient's satisfaction,it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection can cause hand,foot and mouth disease,due to its neurotropic nature,severe cases can affect the central nervous system and emerge neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE),respiratory and circulatory failure,and even lead to death.The advances in the pathogenesis of severe HFMD neurogenic pulmonary edema after EV71 infection in recent years are described.

Objective To sdudy the expression and clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cervical cancer.Methods Fifty-seven cases patients with cervical cancer who were treated in Hexigten Banner Hospital of Chifeng from January 2008 to December 2013 were selected as the observation group,and 23 patients with uterine benign lesion parallel hysterectomy were diagonosed by pathological diagonosis and selected as the control group.The positive expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed and compared between observation group and control group.The correlation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with clinical patholo gical factors were analyzed in cervical cancer patients.Results The positive expression rate of MMP-2 in observation group was 73.7％(42/57),significantly higher than that in the control group (21.7％ (5/23),P =0.032).The positive expression rate of MMP-9 in observation group was 61.4％ (35/57),significantly higher than that in control group (26.1％ (6/23),P =0.046).There were no significant differences between the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 with the patient's age,the tumor chnical staging,the pathological type,the degree of differentiation and the diameter of tumor(P＞0.05),while the positive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis(P =0.048,0.031).There was positive correlation between the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (r =0.89,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cervical cancer is higher than that in benign lesion,and the positive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with lymph node metastasis is higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis,which indicate that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play an role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer,and associate with the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer.