The morbidity and nortality of esophageal carcinoma showed an upward trend in recent years.Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is the nain mode of treatment for advanced esophageal carcinoma,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant radiotherapy and neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy.However,there are still many controversies on efficacies and advantages or disadvantages of treatment mode.In this article,authors will investigate the present situations and future direction of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Whether there are breast cancer stem cel microspheres in the breast cancer tissues and whether these microspheres have an impact on isolation and culture of breast cancer stem cel s after different cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer stem cel s in breast cancer tissues after different cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS:Breast cancer stem cel microspheres were isolated from the breast cancer tissues after different cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to drawn a cel growth curve. Immunocytochemical method was used to detect ALDH1 expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microspheres could be obtained from the specimens of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for two, three and four cycles rather than one cycle. At 3 days prior to culture, there was no difference in the number of cel s isolated after two-and three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy;but after 3 days, the cel s from the three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy proliferated faster than those from the two-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy;after 6 days, the cel growth curve of two-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy was in the plateau stage, and the proliferation of cel s from the three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed a rapid increase trend. The positive expression of ALDH1 in the microspheres from the three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy was higher than that from the two-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These findings indicate that breast cancer stem cel s from the specimens of two-and three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy both have proliferation and differentiation potentials, and the specimens of three-cycle neoadjuvant chemotherapy or above are preferred.

Objective To explore the role and their relationship of Ki-67, VEGF and p27 expressed in adult patients with acute leukemia. Methods The expression of Ki-67, VEGF and p27 in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining, and their correlations of Ki-67, VEGF and p27 were statistically analyzed. Results The expression of Ki-67(42.48±25.78)% or VEGF (44.89±24.01)% on BMMNC from acute leukemia cells was significantly higher than that in the control (11.40±9.94)% or (16.90±12.54)% (P<0.01). But the expression of p27 (23.65±13.30)% was significantly lower than that in the control (50.23±22.68)% (P<0.01). The expressions of Ki-67 were positively correlated with and VEGF in patients with acute leukemia were positively correlated(r=-0.666, P<0.01), and the expressions of Ki-67 and p27 were negatively correlated with p27 in patients with acute leukemia (r=-0.316, P<0.05).Conclusion The evaluation of expression of Ki-67, VEGF and p27 on acute leukemic cells provides new insights to the pathogenesis is helpful in mechanism and is helpful in the diagnosis of acute leukemia.

Objective To prepare transferring and R8 co-modified liposome (TF/R8-LP)for forhepatoma targeting.Methods The co-modified liposome were prepared by film-ultrasonic method.The appearance,particle size,Zeta potential were evaluated.The cellular uptake by HepG2 cell in vitro was used to evaluate the targeting efficiency and in vivo imaging were used to evaluate the targeting efficiency. Results The particle diameter of the co-modified liposome was(108.5 ±12.6)nm and the Zeta potential was(24.15 ±4.78)mV.The liposome kept stable in 50% FBS at 24 h.The result demonstrated that the co-modified liposome uptaken by HepG2 were 2.4,2.6 times higher than that of R8-LP and TF-LP,respectively(P<0.05).The evaluation of tumor spheroid penetration and in vivo imaging results showed the co-modified liposome had the strongest fluorescence intensity. Conclusion The co-modified liposome might serve as a promising hepatoma delivery system of antitumor drugs.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of co-infection in initial treatment acute leukemia induction chemotherapy.Methods The clinical features of 179 untreated acute leukemia patients with nosocomial infection were analyzed after combined chemotherapy.Results In the 179 patients,151cases achieved complete remission,the complete remission rate was 84.4 ％,82 cases suffered from nosocomial infections,the incidence of infection was 45.8 ％.The sites of infection were oral,anal,lung,as well as primary foci was not clear bacteremia.In 428 specimens,the isolated bacterial colony counted a total of 66,the number of fungal colonies was 9,the bacterial colony was G-bacteria-based.G-bacteria had different degrees of resistance to many antibiotics.Extended-spectrum β-lactamases strains had not been detected in these specimens.Conclusion Acute leukemia patients is easy to co-infection after chemotherapy.Control and prevention of nosocomial infections should run throughout the entire treatment process,application of laminar flow bed helps reduce the newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients with nosocomial infection incidence.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and relative pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in people with depression.Methods 24 people with depression and 24 healthy controls were evaluated respectively with HAMD scale,the WCST test,N-BACK task P300 and fMRI.Results (1) The WCST scores,N-back reaction (MRT),the P300 incubation period in depression group were significantly different from those in control group(P300 wave amplitude(4.12± 1.51) μV vs (6.42± 1.73) μV ; P300 latency(392.02±23.60) ms vs (309.43± 21.39) ms,t=4.922,P＜0.01 ; t=12.726,P＜0.01).(2) The illness course had positive correlation with Rep(r=0.596,P＜0.01) and mRT(r=0.518,P＜0.01).The P300 latency had positive correcation with Rpe(r=0.929,P＜ 0.01) and mRT(r=0.939,P＜0.01).(3)Compared with control group,the decreased activation area in patients with depression were as follows:bilateral frontal gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobule.Conclusion The depressive patients exist cognitive impairment mainly in frontal lobe.The longer with the illness,the wose with the impairment.P300 incubation period is a sensitive indicator of the frontal executive function.

Objective To investigate whether there are correlations between working memory impairmentand fractional anisotropy values and to explore the neuropathology underlying that the patients of depression suffered from memory impairment.Methods Thirty depression patients and 30 healthy controls group-matched by age,educational level were conducted the study.Mean correct reaction time(mRT)was recorded when they performed a One-Back Working Memory Task and fractional anisotropy(FA)values was recorded when they performed the diffusion tensor imaging.Statistics analysis was done respectively for mRT and FA values between two groups.Results Relative to mean correct reaction time((612.45±54.08)ms)of controls,the mean correct reaction time ((720.25±57.02)ms)of patients with depression was much longer(P＜0.05)and the patients with depression had a lower FA values in the white matter of both frontal lobe,anterior cingulate gyrus,supramarginal gyrus,splenium of corpus callosum(P＜0.05),and the FA values in the white matter of both frontal lobe were significantly negative correlated with mRT(r=-0.604,P＜0.05).Conclusion The impairment of white matter region may be one of the neuropathology underlying that the depression patients suffer from memory impairment.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of resilience and coping style,subjective quality of life of young children of schizophrenia patients.Methods 120 adolescents whose parents were clearly diagnosed with schizophrenia wcrc chosen for the study.They were ranked according their performances by Resilience Scale for Adolescents.32 were classified into the group with high resilience and another 32 were assigned to the group with low resilience by applying the criteria that 27％ of the sample size should be differentiated.Then,children in highscore group and low-score group were administered by Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and Children 's Subjective Quality of Life Questionnaire(ISLQ).ResultsResilience score of research group were lower than those of normal high school students(P＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The score and total score of SCSQ positive coping dimensionality of research group who had high resilience score were higher than those of low resilience score group(P ＜ 0.01 ) ;score of passive coping dimensionality were lower than those of low resilience score group (P ＜ 0.01 ).In addition to dimensionality of living environment,the score of dimensionality of cognitive and affective element and the total score of ISLQ of research group who had high resilience score were higher than those of low resilience score group.The total score of resilience was in significant by positive correlation with the total score of ISLQ,cognitive and affeetive element,the total score of SCSQ,the score of positive coping dimensionality.The total score of resilience was in negative correlation with the score of passive coping dimensionality (P ＜ 0.01 ) ;dimensionality of the target focus of resilience was not correlative with cognitive element of ISLQ,the score of negative coping dimensionality of SCSQ,scores of other dimensionality of resilience were in significant correlation with score of other dimensionality of ISLQ and SCSQ(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05 ).ConclusionYoung children of schizophrenia have poor resilience; research group who has high resilience score adopts more positive coping and has better subjective quality of life ; resilience is positive correlation with positive coping and subjective quality of life.

Background and purpose: As one of the important epigenetic phenomena, DNA methylation plays an important regulatory function for the expression of genes. Study shows that abnormal changes of DNA methy-lation patterns of normal tumor cell genome leads to dysfunction of cancer related gene, and this may be associated with tumor occurrence and development. The study investigated the promoter methylation and expression of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to elucidate its role in ESCC. Methods:We used MSP approach, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry method respectively to examine the methylation status of the 5’CpG island of CAV-1 gene and its expression at mRNA and protein levels in tumors and corresponding normal tissues. Results: CAV-1 mRNA expression in tumor tissues (0.86±0.56) was signiifcantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (0.40±0.36, P<0.05). The mRNA expression of CAV-1 was correlated with status of lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage of ESCC patients (P<0.05). The protein expression of CAV-1 in tumor specimens (66.7%, 34/51) was signiifcantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (15.7%, 8/51, P<0.01). The protein expression of CAV-1 was signiifcantly associated with lymphatic metastasis of ESCC (P<0.05), however, it was not associated with differen-tiation and TNM stage (P>0.05). The promoter methylation frequency of CAV-1 in tumor specimens was 2.0%(1/51), and the methylation phenomenon has not been found in corresponding normal tissues. The promoter methylation fre-quency of CAV-1 in tumor specimens showed no signiifcant difference compared with the corresponding normal tissues (P>0.05). Conclusion:The mRNA and protein expression of CAV-1 in tumor specimens was signiifcantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues. Aberrant high expression of CAV-1 has played a certain role in promoting tumori-genesis and lymph node metastasis. The expression both in ESCC and corresponding normal tissues has no correlation with the promoter methylation status.

Objective:To investigate the effect of silica gel column separation component of Artemisia asiatica (AEM-SC) on the maturation and immune function of mouse dendritic cells (DCs). Methods:Artemisia asiatica components were prepared by macroporous resin eluted with 70% ethanol, and then isolated by silica gel column to obtain AEM-SC. The contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids and triterpenes were quantified. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression level of DCs surface molecules and antigen phagocytosis ability and to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. ELISA method was used to detect the effect of DCs on cytokine secretion. Results:The contents of polysaccharides, flavonoids and triterpenes in AEM-SC were 10.12%, 5.7% and 3.62%, respectively. Functional tests showed that AEM-SC significantly reduced the expression levels of LPS-induced DCs surface molecules CD40, CD86 and MHC-II, reduced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40, TNF-α and IL-6 (all P<0.05), improve the ability of phygocytosis ( P<0.01), and reduce the ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of CD4 +T and CD8 +T lymphocytes in the spleen of mice (all P<0.001). In the inflammatory mouse model experiment, AEM-SC significantly reduced the expression levels of DCs surface molecules CD40, CD86, CD80 (all P<0.001), and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p40 in serum (all P<0.01). Conclusions:AEM-SC can inhibit the maturation of DCs-induced LPS both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that AEM-SC has the immunosuppressive effect.