Pediatric acute liver failure is a severe and sudden onset of hepatocyte dysfunction,leading to synthetic and detoxification failure,which could progress to multi-organ failure and death.Mortality is predominantly high due to the raised intracranial pressure,infections and multi-organ failure.The mainstay of management is supportive care in an intensive care unit.The intensive care managements include immediate measures,etiology,management of complications and liver assist device,liver transplantation.Liver transplantation is an important life saving procedure for children with acute liver failure.

Nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expressions of multiple genes. It can be activated during cerebral ischemia; it is closely correlated with the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis during cerebral ischemia. NF-?B inhibitor ? (I?B?), an important inhibitor factor of NF-?B, can regulate the survival and death of neuron in the ischemia penumbra. Therefore, the inhibition of the degradation of I?B? and the prevention of the activation of NF-?B with drugs or molecular biological methods has become an important approach in study of the effect of NF-?B at present. Recent studies have indicated that I?B? itself may also participate in the regulation of apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in patients after resuscitation.Methods The relevant articles about coronary angiography performed in an emergency for all the post-resuscitation patients without obvious noncardiac cause,regardless of the representation of the electrocardiography were searched in the databases of Pubmed,Ovid medline,EBSCO,CBM,Wanfang and VIP of Chongqing.The meta-analysis was carried out with the data from the included articles using the meta-disc 1.4 software.Results Five articles about retrospective analysis of consecutive patients were included.The meta-analysis of pooled statistics showed the sensitivity 0.59,the specificity 0.86,the positive likelihood ratio (LR) 4.4,the negative LR 0.39,the diagnostic odds ratio (OR) 12.28 and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.85.Conclusions Although the high specificity is in favor of making diagnosis of AMI in post-resuscitation patients,the low sensitivity makes the integrative diagnostic value of using sole ST-segment elevation of ECG relatively low.

Objective To explore the role of LGR5 positive intestinal stem cells in repairing damage of intestinal mucosa resulting from endotoxemia and to determine whether the damaged intestinal mucosa can be repaired by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group,and glucagon-like peptides 2(GLP-2) group.LPS was injected interaperitoneally into rats of the LPS group and GLP-2 group at a dose of 5 mg/kg(1 ml/kg) ; saline(1 ml/kg) was injected into the rats of control group.GLP-2 250 μg/kg(1 ml/kg) was rnjected into the rats of GLP-2 group 1 hour after the LPS injection.The terminal ilea were collected from 8 rats in each group at 6 h,24 h,and 72 h post-LPS injection.Structrral changes in the intestinal epthelium of every group were observed under the light microscope and electron microscope.The expression of LGR5 in intestinal stem cell was detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR.Results In general,intestinal edema and hyperemia was observed in both LPS and GLP-2 groups at 6 h.Fracture and lodging of villi,infiltration of inflammatory cells,and visible exudate within the cavity were observed under light microscopy.The inflammatory injury was less severe in the GLP-2 group than in the LPS group at 6 h.The injury of intestina mucosa gradually repaired between 24 h and 72 h after injection of LPS in both LPS group and GLP-2 group.Importantly,samples taken from GLP-2 group and LPS group at the same time point indicated that the GLP-2 group recovered significantly better than the LPS group.And expressions of LGR5 mRNA in GLP-2 group at 6h,24h,72 h(0.13 ±0.05,0.16±0.05,0.16±0.04) were significantly higher than those in LPS group respectively (0.52 ±0.09,0.73 ±0.14,0.48 ±0.24),as shown by RT-PCR,and than that in control group(0.12 ±0.03) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exogenous GLP-2 may facilitate intestinal stem cell proliferation,thereby promoting the recovery of intestinal mucosa damaged by endotoxemia.GLP-2 appears to promote stem cell proliferation,differentiation,and gradual migration of stem cells from the intestinal crypts to the damaged mucosa.

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a syndrome with many different causes and can occur at different stages throughout critical illness.Renal Doppler ultrasonography is the most appropriate imaging test in the evaluation of AKI and has the highest level of recommendation: (1)assessment of intrinsic causes of AKI, (2)distinguishing acute from chronic kidney diseases, (3)detection of the causes of obstruction.The resistive index in patients with AKI will be reviewed with attention to its use for predicting the development and prognosis of AKI.Meanwhile, combined application of cardiopulmonary ultrasound and evaluation of hemodynamics are helpful to evaluate the etiology, supervision and guiding treatment of AKI.

Clinical teaching and studying is suffering increasing hardship.This article analysises the present condition of clinical education problems and causes,and researches whether patients are obliged to coorperate clinical teaching and studying when they protect their rights.It also researches how to practice clinical teaching and studying in educational hospital and looks for effective pathway to go out of the clinical education problem.

Objective:To discuss the external factors causing medical equipment malfunction and the way to reduce it.Methods:Based on years of maintenance experience,this paper made an analysis from four aspects.Resuits:In order to keep medical equipment working normally,one should not only provide appropriate environment,steady power supply,good quality grounding,but also use and maintain the equipment correctly.Conclusion:Almost 80%of medical equipment failures are related to working condition,operation procedure service,power supply and grounding.

This article analyzed the importance of implementing case teaching in health policy course based on its characteristics, and introduced the design and the process of case teaching, from the general idea, teaching content, implementation process and evaluation method. Some problems which should be paid attention to and the relevant suggestions were brought out according to the teaching practice.

Objective The national essential medicine select system is the core of Chinese medicine policy.How to select drugs fundamental for eyes scientifically is an important ring in establishing the Chinese essential drug system.The present study attempted to compare the National Essential Medicines List and National Essential Insurance List of China with that of the WHO in order to provide reasonable evidence for the adjustment of a new National Essential Medicines List of China. MethodsThe WHO Essential Medicine List (15th edition,Version in 2007),National Essential Medicine List (Version in 2009,China),2009 National Essential Medicine List Chemical Medicine Name (Version in 2009) and National Essential Insurance List of China (Version in 2004) were reviewed.The similarity and difference in the category and number of drugs in the National Essential Medicines List and National Essential Insurance List between China and WHO were compared and analyzed.A descriptive method was adopted to analyze the sorts and numbers of eye drugs in the lists mentioned above.The analysis of drug price was based on the summary sheet from Zhejiang Province. ResultsLittle difference was found in the numbers of eye drugs between the National Essential Medicines List of China and WHO Essential Medicines List.Differences in the sorts of eye drugs were observed in the lists,especially between the National Essential Medicines List of China and WHO Essential Medicines List.Except for levofloxacin,all of the drugs in the National Essential Medicine List of China were included in the National Essential Insurance List of China.ConclusionThe selecting principle and renewing procedure of the National Essential Medicines List and National Essential Insurance List of China should be further improved in China based on the list from WHO.More attention should be paid to the standard,dosage form,affordability,maneuverability etc.during the selecting procedure of eye essential drugs.

The morbidity and nortality of esophageal carcinoma showed an upward trend in recent years.Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is the nain mode of treatment for advanced esophageal carcinoma,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,neoadjuvant radiotherapy and neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy.However,there are still many controversies on efficacies and advantages or disadvantages of treatment mode.In this article,authors will investigate the present situations and future direction of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma.