Pediatric acute liver failure is a severe and sudden onset of hepatocyte dysfunction,leading to synthetic and detoxification failure,which could progress to multi-organ failure and death.Mortality is predominantly high due to the raised intracranial pressure,infections and multi-organ failure.The mainstay of management is supportive care in an intensive care unit.The intensive care managements include immediate measures,etiology,management of complications and liver assist device,liver transplantation.Liver transplantation is an important life saving procedure for children with acute liver failure.

Nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expressions of multiple genes. It can be activated during cerebral ischemia; it is closely correlated with the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis during cerebral ischemia. NF-?B inhibitor ? (I?B?), an important inhibitor factor of NF-?B, can regulate the survival and death of neuron in the ischemia penumbra. Therefore, the inhibition of the degradation of I?B? and the prevention of the activation of NF-?B with drugs or molecular biological methods has become an important approach in study of the effect of NF-?B at present. Recent studies have indicated that I?B? itself may also participate in the regulation of apoptosis.

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a syndrome with many different causes and can occur at different stages throughout critical illness.Renal Doppler ultrasonography is the most appropriate imaging test in the evaluation of AKI and has the highest level of recommendation: (1)assessment of intrinsic causes of AKI, (2)distinguishing acute from chronic kidney diseases, (3)detection of the causes of obstruction.The resistive index in patients with AKI will be reviewed with attention to its use for predicting the development and prognosis of AKI.Meanwhile, combined application of cardiopulmonary ultrasound and evaluation of hemodynamics are helpful to evaluate the etiology, supervision and guiding treatment of AKI.

Objective To explore the role of LGR5 positive intestinal stem cells in repairing damage of intestinal mucosa resulting from endotoxemia and to determine whether the damaged intestinal mucosa can be repaired by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group,and glucagon-like peptides 2(GLP-2) group.LPS was injected interaperitoneally into rats of the LPS group and GLP-2 group at a dose of 5 mg/kg(1 ml/kg) ; saline(1 ml/kg) was injected into the rats of control group.GLP-2 250 μg/kg(1 ml/kg) was rnjected into the rats of GLP-2 group 1 hour after the LPS injection.The terminal ilea were collected from 8 rats in each group at 6 h,24 h,and 72 h post-LPS injection.Structrral changes in the intestinal epthelium of every group were observed under the light microscope and electron microscope.The expression of LGR5 in intestinal stem cell was detected by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR.Results In general,intestinal edema and hyperemia was observed in both LPS and GLP-2 groups at 6 h.Fracture and lodging of villi,infiltration of inflammatory cells,and visible exudate within the cavity were observed under light microscopy.The inflammatory injury was less severe in the GLP-2 group than in the LPS group at 6 h.The injury of intestina mucosa gradually repaired between 24 h and 72 h after injection of LPS in both LPS group and GLP-2 group.Importantly,samples taken from GLP-2 group and LPS group at the same time point indicated that the GLP-2 group recovered significantly better than the LPS group.And expressions of LGR5 mRNA in GLP-2 group at 6h,24h,72 h(0.13 ±0.05,0.16±0.05,0.16±0.04) were significantly higher than those in LPS group respectively (0.52 ±0.09,0.73 ±0.14,0.48 ±0.24),as shown by RT-PCR,and than that in control group(0.12 ±0.03) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exogenous GLP-2 may facilitate intestinal stem cell proliferation,thereby promoting the recovery of intestinal mucosa damaged by endotoxemia.GLP-2 appears to promote stem cell proliferation,differentiation,and gradual migration of stem cells from the intestinal crypts to the damaged mucosa.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in patients after resuscitation.Methods The relevant articles about coronary angiography performed in an emergency for all the post-resuscitation patients without obvious noncardiac cause,regardless of the representation of the electrocardiography were searched in the databases of Pubmed,Ovid medline,EBSCO,CBM,Wanfang and VIP of Chongqing.The meta-analysis was carried out with the data from the included articles using the meta-disc 1.4 software.Results Five articles about retrospective analysis of consecutive patients were included.The meta-analysis of pooled statistics showed the sensitivity 0.59,the specificity 0.86,the positive likelihood ratio (LR) 4.4,the negative LR 0.39,the diagnostic odds ratio (OR) 12.28 and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.85.Conclusions Although the high specificity is in favor of making diagnosis of AMI in post-resuscitation patients,the low sensitivity makes the integrative diagnostic value of using sole ST-segment elevation of ECG relatively low.

Clinical teaching and studying is suffering increasing hardship.This article analysises the present condition of clinical education problems and causes,and researches whether patients are obliged to coorperate clinical teaching and studying when they protect their rights.It also researches how to practice clinical teaching and studying in educational hospital and looks for effective pathway to go out of the clinical education problem.

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is a locus where proteins are modified,folded and calcium stored.The accumulation of unfolded protein and disorder of calcium ion can lead to ER stress.Early ER stress will induce unfolded protein response(UPR)which may be protective to cells.On the contrary,long-time strong ER stress will induce cell apoptosis,even death.ER stress has been suggested to be involved in some human neurodegenerative diseases.However,the exact contributions of ER stress in the various disease processes are yet unknown.This review mainly summarizes recently reported discoveries concerning ER stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases and highlights current knowledge in this field that may reveal novel insight into disease mechanisms and help to design better therapies for these disorders.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lobectomy for pulmonary benign diseases.Methods Between July 2002 and September 2007,35 cases with pulmonary benign diseases underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital.Of the patients,video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed on 12 cases,and totally endoscopic lobectomy was carried out in 23.Results The operation was completed in all of the cases except in one who was converted to open surgery because of massive hemorrhage.In this series,no peri-operational death occurred,however,complications occurred in 3 cases(morbidity rate: 8.6%),including 2 cases of persistent air leak and 1 case of pneumonia.The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 3.6 days(2 to 7 days),and average hospital stay after operation was 7.7 days(2 to 14 days).Postoperative pathological diagnosis included bronchiectasis in 15 patients,pulmonary inflammatory pseudo-tumor in 6,tuberculosis in 5,fungal infection in 5,pulmonary sequestration in 2,and bronchogenic cyst in 2.Conclusions Thoracoscopic lobectomy is safe and effective for pulmonary benign disease.

Objective:To explore the curative effect and adverse reactions of cisplatin combined with rIL-2 on malignant pleural effusion. Methods:Totally 60 cases of patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into the observation group ( 30 cases) and the control group (30 cases). In the observation group, 30 cases were given intrapleural injection of cisplatin and rIL-2 af-ter the pleural effusions were drained, and in the control group, the patients received intrapleural injection of cisplatin. Both of the two groups were observed of tumor response and drug adverse reactions, compared the quelity of life and immune function indicators before and after treatment. Results:The response rate in the observation group was 83. 3%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (56. 7%) (P<0. 05). The improvement of Karnofsky score in the observation group was 86. 7%, which was also nota-bly higher than that in the control group(63. 3%) (P<0. 05). After the treatment, CD4 level and CD4/CD8 were significantly in-creased in the observation group(P<0. 05), while those in the control group were notably decreased (P<0. 05), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions shew no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Cisplatin combined with rIL-2 shows confirmed effects in the patients with malignant pleural effusion.

Objective To investigate the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) typing and p53 expression with radiosensitivity in patients with cervical cancer.Methods A total of 80 patients with cervical cancer from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled,and among these patients,40 had stage Ⅰ B+ Ⅱ A disease and 40 had stage Ⅱ B +ⅢA disease.HPV genotype was identified and p53 expression was measured.All the patients underwent external and internal pelvic irradiation alone,and the correlation between short-term therapeutic effect and HPV typing/p53 expression was analyzed.The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis,and Spearman rank correlation analysis was also performed.Results The radiotherapy-insensitive (stable disease+progressive disease) group had higher p53 positive rates than the radiotherapy-sensitive (complete response+partial response) group (stage Ⅰ B+ Ⅱ:100％ vs.80.0％,P=0.044;stage Ⅱ B+ⅢA:100％ vs.90.0％,P=0.013).The expression of p53 was negatively correlated with radiosensitivity (r =-0.427,P =0.000).In the radiotherapy-insensitive group of patients with stage I B + Ⅱ and Ⅱ B +Ⅲ A,the rate of HPV multiple infections was higher than that of single subtype infection (65.0％/95.0％ vs.35.0％/5.0％,P=0.004 and 0.003),while in the radiotherapy-sensitive group,the rate of single subtype infection was higher than that of multiple infections (85.0％/60.0％ vs.15.0％/40.0％,P=0.004 and 0.003).The highest detection rate of HPV16 was 66.3％ in all patients,and the highest detection rate of HPV18 was 60.0％ in the radiotherapy-insensitive group.Conclusions High expression of p53 is associated with radioresistance in patients with cervical cancer.Patients with HPV muhiple infections have poor radiosensitivity,and HPV16 is the most common subtype in dual infection.Among patients who do not achieve remission after radiotherapy,HPV multiple infections with HPV18 as the main pathogen has the highest detection rate.