OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the content of 14 common metal elements (Mg,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ba and Pb)in Ganmao qingre granules. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method was conducted. The samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide(2∶1,V/V),and then ICP-MS was used to determine the mass concentration of 14 metal elements. Li, Sc,Ge,Y,In,Bi and Tb were used as internal standards,and branches and leaves of bush were used as standard substances. RE-SULTS:The correlation coefficient of the standard curves of 14 elements was larger than 0.999 6,detection limits were in the range of 0.002-0.035 μg/L,recoveries were in the range of 80.57%-104.2% and RSDs were in the range of 0.34%-2.71%. CON-CLUSIONS:The method is specific,accurate and sensitive,and suitable for the content determination of 14 common metal ele-ments in Ganmao qingre granules. The total mass concentrations of 6 batches of heavy metals are all meet the requirements of Green Trade Standards of Importing&Exporting Medicinal Plants&Preparations.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the ion chromatography for the mass fractions of 9 inorganic anions (fluoride ion,for-mate radical,chloride ion,nitrite radical,bromide ion,nitrate radical,sulfate radical,oxalate radical and phosphate radical) in Ganmao qingre granules. METHODS:Ion chromatograph was used. The column was Ion Pac AS11-HC with the mobile phase of po-tassium hydroxide solution by gradient elution(concentration:30 mmol/L,time:15 min),the column temperature was room tem-perature,the volume was 25 μl. RESULTS:The 9 inorganic anions were basically achieved separation and had good linear relation-ship with r of 0.999 2-0.999 9,respectively;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were less than 3.50%. Average re-covery was 92.47%-103.51%(RSD=0.42%-3.41%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The established method is fast,accu-rate,sensitive and repeatable and can be used for the determination of 9 inorganic anions in Ganmao qingre granules.

Objective To investigate the evaluation method of processing pieces' colour and quantificationally analyse the relactionship between the pieces' colour and the internal quality. Methods Taking different processing techniques on Rhizoma Alismatis as research objects,using a camera and Adobe Photoshop software to acquire the elementary information of processing pieces' colour and determine the contents of the active principle in Rhizoma Alismatis by HPLC. The active principle in Rhizoma Alismatis and the colour of processing pieces are analyzed quantificationally by SPSS 13.0 statistical software and data mining software Clementine 8.0. Results The method for acquiring and handling colour information of processing pieces in Rhizoma Alismatis could be used to quantificationally analyze the correlation of the colour of processing pieces. There is a significant correlation between processing pieces' colour difference and the internal quality. Conclusion The colour difference of processing pieces can be one of target for the quality assessment. The method can be popularized to other precessing pieces control of techniques.

Objective To compare the differences of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and the thickness of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (CP-RNFL) between acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients.Methods Retrospective clinical case control analysis.This study included 38 eyes of 20 acute VKH patients (VKH group) and 37 eyes of 37 acute CSC patients (CSC group).Seventy five eyes of 57 normal healthy subjects,matching patients with age and gender,were collected as control group.The disc RPE angle,the thickness of average CP-RNFL,the nasal,superior,temporal and inferior quadrant CP-RNFL thickness,and ONH parameters including optic disc area,cup area,rim area,C/D area ratio,linear CD ratio (CDR),vertical CDR were measured by 3D-OCT.Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among three groups.Minimum significant difference t test was performed for comparison between two groups.Results The differences of ONH parameters between VKH group and CSC group:29 eyes of VKH group appeared retinal detachment next to disc,only 12 eyes appeared in CSC group.Twenty one eyes of VKH group appeared optic disc hyperemia while none in CSC group.The three groups' disc RPE angles were (138.62± 11.96)°,(154.09±5.85)° and (153.41 ±5.77)°.VKH group were significantly smaller than CSC group (t=-2.05,P=0.00) and control group (t=-1.68,P=0.00),while there was no significant difference between CSC group and control group (t=-1.88,P=0.72).The optic cup area and rim area were significantly bigger in VKH group than in CSC group (t=4.61,2.71;P=0.00,0.01),and the thickness of mean CP-RNFL,all quadrants of CP-RNFL were significantly thicker in VKH group than in CSC group (t=6.25,4.40,3.53,5.48,2.69;P=0.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,0.01).Conclusion Compared with the acute CSC,VKH patients are likely to appear retinal detachment next to disc,their disc RPE angles are smaller,their optic cup area and rim area are bigger,and their CP-RNFL thickness are thicker.

Background and Objectives: p21, an important member of the Cip/Kip family, is involved in inhibitory effects of RUNX1b overexpression during the early stage of human hematopoiesis. Methods: and Results: We established a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line with inducible expression of p21 (p21/hESCs). Overexpression of p21 did not influence either mesoderm induction or emergence of CD34＋ cells, but it significantly decreased the production of CD43＋ cells and changed the expression profile of hematopoiesis-related factors, leading to the negative effects of p21 on hematopoiesis. Conclusions In RUNX1b/hESC co-cultures when RUNX1b was induced from D0, perturbation of the cell cycle caused by upregulation of p21 probably prevented the appearance of CD43＋ cells, but not CD34＋ cells. The mechanisms via which CD34＋ cells are blocked by RUNX1b overexpression remain to be elucidated.

Objective To survey the prevalence of greenhouse farmer's lung and related risk factors in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province.Methods Using uniform scheme,procedures and questionnaire,a survey for 5420 farmers(2660 men and 2760 women)with complete data who work inside greenhouses was performed in Shenyang,Xinmin,Chaoyang,and Jinzhou between August 2006 and June 2009.Pulmonary function tests was performed for every active farmer.Results Greenhouse farmer's lung was diagnosed in 308 cases,205 men(66.55%,205/308)and 103 women(33.44%,103/308),a prevalence of 5.7%(308/5420).The prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in males was significantly higher than that in females(?2=39.93,P0.05).In the 308 cases,the number of patiernts presented with fever chill,cough/sputum,chest tightness/shortness of breath were 180(58.44%),192(62.34%),160(51.95%)respectively,and the number of crepitations,radiological changes,spirometry abnormalities and serum IgE antibodies(+)was 164(53.25%),153(49.68%),147(47.73%)and 136(44.16%)at the time of the study.62.34%(192/308)of patients with greenhouse farmer's lung were mild and 38.66%(116/308)were severe.Conclusion The total prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province was 5.7% and multiple risk factors were associated with the disease.

Standardized reporting is a crucial factor affecting the use of patient guidelines （PGs）， particularly in the reporting and presentation of recommendations. This paper introduced the current status of PG reporting， including the research on PG content and presentation formats， and provided comprehensive recommendations for PG reporting from aspects such as overall framework， recommendations， presentation format， and readability. First， the presentation of PG recommendations should include clearly defined clinical questions， recommendations and their rationale， and guidance on how patients should implement the interventions； for specific content in the PG， such as level of evidence， level of recommendation， it is recommended to explain in text the reasons for giving different levels of recommendation， i.e.， to present the logic behind giving the level of recommendation to the patient； additional information needed in the recommendation framework should be supplemented by tracing references or authoritative textbooks and literature that support the recommendations. Subsequently， the PG text should be written based on the Reporting Checklist for Public Versions of Guidelines （RIGHT-PVG） reporting framework. Finally， to enhance readability and comprehension， it is recommended to refer to the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool （PEMAT） for translating PG content. To enhance the readability of PGs， it is suggested to present the PG content in a persona-lized and layered manner.

Since the concept of patient versions of guidelines （PVGs） was introduced into China， several PVGs have been published in China， but we found that there is a big difference between the concept of PVG at home and abroad， and the reason for this difference has not been reasonably explained， which has led to ambiguity and even misapplication of the PVG concept by guideline developers. By analyzing the background and purpose of PVGs， and the understanding of the PVG concept by domestic scholars， we proposed the term patient guidelines （PGs）. This refers to guidelines developed under the principles of evidence-based medicine， centered on health issues that concern patients， and based on the best available evidence， intended for patient use. Except for the general attribute of providing information or education， which is typical of common health education materials， PGs also provide recommendations and assist in decision-making， so PGs include both the patient versions of guidelines （PVG） as defined by the Guidelines International Network （GIN） and "patient-directed guidelines"， i.e. clinical practice guidelines resulting from the adaptation or reformulation of recommendations through clinical practice guidelines.

At present， the process and methodology of patient guidelines （PGs） development varies greatly and lacks systematic and standardised guidance. In addition to the interviews with PG developers， we have sorted out the relevant methodology for the adaptation and development of existing clinical practice guideline recommendations and facilitated expert deliberations to achieve a consensus， so as to finally put forward a proposal for guidance on the process and methodology for the development of PGs. The development of PGs can be divided into the preparation stage， the construction stage， and the completion stage in general， but the specific steps vary according to the different modes of development of PGs. The development process of Model 1 is basically the same as the patient version of the guideline development process provided by the International Guidelines Network， i.e.， team formation， screening of recommendations， guideline drafing， user testing and feedback， approval and dissemination. The developer should also first determine the need for and scope of translating the clinical practice guideline into a patient version during the preparation phase. Model 2 adds user experience and feedback to the conventional clinical practice guideline development process （forming a team， determining the scope of the PG， searching， evaluating and integrating evidence， forming recommendations， writing the guideline， and expert review）. Based on the different models， we sort out the process and methods of PG development and introduce the specific methods of PG development， including how to identify the clinical problem and how to form recommendations based on the existing clinical practice guidelines， with a view to providing reference for guideline developers and related researchers.