Plant active components characterized of many different structures and activities on multiple targets, have made them to be the important sources of inhibitors on HIV-1. For finding leading compounds with new structure against HIV-1, three key HIV-1 replicative enzymes (reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase) were used as screening models. The in vitro activities of 45 plant derived components isolated from Schisandraceae, Rutaceae and Ranunculaceae were reported. Within twelve triterpene components isolated, eight compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 protease, in these eight active compounds, kadsuranic acid A (7) and nigranoic acid (8), inhibited both HIV-1 protease and integrase; Among fifteen lignans, meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (15) and kadsurarin (16) were active on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and 4, 4-di(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenly)-2, 3-dimethylbutanol (13) active on HIV-1 integrase. All of the six alkaloids, seven flavones, and five others compounds were not active or only with low activities against HIV-1 replicative enzymes. Further studies of the triterpene components showing strong inhibitory activities on HIV-1 were warranted.

Family Schisandraceae is composed of two genera Schisandra and Kadsura, which are quite different in regard to the used part and medical function. Traditionally, the fruits of Schisandra plants were called 'Wuweizi' used as tonic for neurasthenia, antitussive, and sedative agents. The stems and roots of Kadsura plants, with names related to 'XueTeng', possess activating blood circulation and eliminating stasis and are used for the treatment of rheumatism, fractures and irregular menstruation. The dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis was recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition) as 'Wuweizi', while the dried fruit of S. sphenanthera was recorded as an official origin of 'Nanwuweizi'. Historically, there was no evidence that the fruits of Kadsura plants were substituted as 'Wuweizi' either in ancient literatures or contemporary marketing. However, genus Kadsura is still popularly called 'Nanwuweizi' and plant K. longipedunculata is regarded as the origin of 'Nanwuweizi', thus this will cause confusion as well as misunderstanding of genus Kadsura. The authors recommended, therefore, the Chinese name of genus Kadsura should be 'Lengfantengshu' and K. longipedunculata with the name of 'Lengfanteng' in order to guarantee the drug authenticity.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the dry roots of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) Shih.Methods: Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents of Dolomiaea souliei, and the structures were elucidated through the analysis of spectral data and literatures.Results: Six compounds including 3 sesquiterpene compounds and 3 fatty acids were obtained and identified as dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(Ⅰ), vladimenal(Ⅱ), arbusculin A(Ⅲ), n-hendecane(Ⅳ), butanedioic acid(Ⅴ) and methyl linoleate(Ⅵ).Conclusion: Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅵ are obtained from the genus of Dolomiaea for the first time.

Objective To establish a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for rapid, sensitive and specific determination of -88/-123 polymorphisms in Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) gene promoter so as to provide molecular biology tool for optimized interferon-a treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping,serum HBV DNA level,and- 88/- 123 polymorphisms in MxA gene promoter of patients who had been treated with interferon-α were detected. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software to understand the relationship between MxA gene polymorphisms and interferon-α treatment. Afterwards, an optimal fluorescent PCR system was established to determine -88/-123 polymorphisms in MxA gene promoter. The sensitivity and the specificity of this system were confirmed by DNA sequencing. P-value of chi square test, odds ratios of regression analysis and 95% confidence intervals were employed. Results Patients with- 88 G/T and - 123 C/A in the interferon-stimulated response element in MxA gene promoter were interferon-α sensitive, while patients with - 88 GIG and - 123 C/C were not interferon-α sensitive. The coincidence rate of this system was 99.65% in comparison with DNA sequencing.Conclusion MxA gene polymorphisms could be rapidly and sensitively determined by this fluorescent PCR system.

The dried cane of Kadsura interior (Kadsurae Caulis) is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 as Dian Jixueteng for the treatment of rheumatism,irregular menstruation,and deficiency of Qi and blood.In this paper,morphological characteristics,chemical constituents,and pharmacological activities in the cane of K.interior were summarized.Moreover,some suggestions about application and quality control of Kadsurae Caulis were proposed in order to provide a theoretical basis for further scientific use.

The plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. composed of about 50 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia and Africa.They have been used as folk medicines or traditional tea to treat various ailments in China for a long time. This contribution reviews the chemical constituents isolated from the plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. and related biological activities of these species in the past few decades. The compounds in the genus mainly belong to the classes of phenolic acids, flavonoids, benzoquinones, cyanogenetic glycosides, and fatty acids. The main biological activities include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisnake venom, and anti-allergic activities.

Objective To investigate the effect of voice training therapy on the voice improvement in patients with vocal nodules .Methods Twenty one patients with vocal nodules were recruited and were evaluated by the GRBAS perpetual evaluation ,voice handicap index (VHI)-30 subjective assessment ,vocal laryngostroboscopy , maximum phonation time (MPT) and acoustic analysis pre- and post-therapy .These patients completed 5 cour‐ses of voice training .Results The VHI value(29 .48 ± 21 .21) of post-therapy was less than the value (52 .95 ± 24 . 30)of pre -therapy (P< 0 .01) .There were significantly differences in voice perpetual evaluation between pre -training and post-training ,especially for G (grade) (P<0 .01) and R (roughness) (P<0 .01) .The post-training laryngostrobescopy vocal vibration improved comparing with pre-therapy in the closure of vocal cords ,symmetry of vibration ,the mucosal wave and vibration regularity of the vocal cords .After therapy ,three patient nodules dis‐appeared ,thirteen patient nodules became smaller ,and five patient nodules remained the same .The maximum pho‐nation time (MPT) (12 .54 ± 3 .68)of post-therapy was longer than MPT(8 .87 ± 3 .75) of pre-therapy MPT(P<0 .01) .The jitter value (0 .18% ± 0 .08% ) of post -therapy was less than that of pre-therapy(0 .43% ± 0 .31% ) (P<0 .01) .The shimmer of post -therapy (2 .10% ± 0 .98% ) was less than that of pre -therapy (4 .55% ± 1 .80% )(P<0 .01) ,The ratio of noise to harmonic(NHR)(0 .0034 ± 0 .0022 dB) of post-therapy was significantly less than NHR(0 .0184 ± 0 .028 dB)(P<0 .05) of pre-therapy .Conclusion The voice therapy could significantlyimprove voice of patients with vocal nodules .

This article was aimed to compare the antioxidant activities of Green tea and four tree-type non-Camellia teas. The antioxidant activities of the water extract of Green tea, Eagle tea, Large-leaved Kuding tea, Shiya tea and Qingqianliu tea were evaluated with four different in vitro assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion-chelating (FIC) and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. In addition, the polyphenol contents of different teas were estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The results showed that Shiya tea had strong antioxidant activity; its FIC and FRAP abilities are better compared with Green tea. The Eagle tea and Large-leaved Kuding tea have better antioxidant activity. The FRAP activity of Large-leaved Kuding tea was better than green tea. The DPPH of Eagle tea and Large-leaved Kuding tea were slightly lower than Green tea, but higher than the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The antioxidant ability of Qingqianliu tea was the lowest. It was concluded that Shiya tea, Eagle tea, Large-leaved Kuding tea had relatively high development value which re-quires in-depth research and promotion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from aerial part of Paraboea glutinosa.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral data analysis.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as 2alpha, 3beta, 19alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate(24-hydroxytormentic acid,1), glucosyl-2alpha, 3beta, 19alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (24-hydroxytormentic acid ester glucoside,2), 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-24-hydroxytormentic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds were isolated from the genus Paraboea for the first time.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Dextrans ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

As a part of our search for bioactive material, the chemical investigation of the stems of Kadsura heteroclita led up to the isolation of a new lignan, heteroclitin R. The structure was elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Heteroclitin R was a new compound as a lignan dimer obtained from Schisandraceae family for the first time.
Dimerization ; Kadsura ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry