Porcelain laminate veneer is one of the most widely used aesthetic dentistry methods at home and abroad now.It has advantages of natural luster of natural teeth,strong abrasive resistance,strong stain resistance,and maximally tooth tissue save,etc.At present,it is widely used in the anterior teeth restoration,and related reports on clinical application of porcelain laminate veneers are increasing day by day.The paper reviews the choice of indications and contraindications,types of materials,tooth preparation methods,and adhensive materials and methods related clinical application questions.

Objective To investigate the effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and the learn-ing and memory ability in neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods 90 Wistar rats of 7 days old were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=15), HIBD group (n=15), EP1 group (n=15, 10 ml/kg), EP2 group (n=15, 30 mg/kg), EP3 group (n=15, 50 mg/kg) and EP4 group (n=15, 100 mg/kg). The model was established with Rice's method. 30 minutes before operation, and every 24 hours after operation, EP groups were injected with 10 ml/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg EP in abdomen respectively, for 2 weeks. Af-ter treatment, the caspase-3 positive cells were observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the latency and the times crossing the target quadrant were tested by Morris water maze test. Results The caspase-3 positive cells were less in EP groups than in HIBD group (P<0.05), expect EP1 group (P>0.05), especially in EP3 group (P<0.01). The latency and the times crossing the target quadrant were better in EP groups than in HIBD group (P<0.05), expect EP1 group (P>0.05), especially in EP3 group (P<0.01). Conclusion Ethyl pyruvate can de-crease the expression of caspase-3 in hippocampus, and improve the ability of memory and learning in neonatal rats with HIBD.

Objective To investigate the inhibition of Sophora flavescens extract on the degree of inflammatory swelling of guinea pigs'skin with eczema, observe pathological changes and explore the effects of the anti-in-flammatory action, in order to provide experimental basis for clinical treatment.Methods Eczema models of 40 guinea pigs were set up by smearing 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene on their napes to cause sensitization and motivating in the inside of their right ears.All guinea pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups equally,including the model com-pared group, positive control group and high, medium, low concentration groups of sophora flavescens.After eczema skin was continuously administered drugs for 14 days, the same part with equal area of the left and right ears was taken and weighed.The difference between the left and right ears was used to evaluate the swelling degree of skin inflammation.The pathological changes were observed by making pathological slices with HE staining with the tissue blocks of right ears.Results Compared with the model group, the swelling degree of skin inflammation was significantly relieved and dermal edema and inflammatory cell infiltrating were significantly improved in the high and medi-um concentration groups of sophora flavescens (p<0.05).Compared with the positive group, the swelling degree of skin inflammation, dermal edema and inflammatory cell infiltrating were significantly alleviated in the high concentra-tion group of sophora flavescens ( p<0.05) .Conclusion Sophora flavescens extract can effectively reduce inflam-matory response of guinea pigs'skin with eczema, having a certain significance for the clinical treatment of eczema.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the reference for Chinese pharmaceutical industry in order to satisfy the global phar-maceutical market.METHODS:The development and manufacture of new drugs in today's world market were analyzed in the respect of advancement of technology,medical fee,drug consumption,transferring of research and development center,as well as the development of multinational enterprises.RESULT&CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the development and manufacture of new drugs in today's world market in order to promote the development of Chinese phar-maceutical industry.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common peripheral neuropathy,and it is important to enhance both nerve regeneration and prevent nerve degeneration in its treatment. Disturbed nerve regeneration in diabetes has been ascribed,at least in part,to decreases of some neurotrophic factors or the decreases of their receptor expressions.This paper reviewed the effect of some major neurotrophic factors on diabetic neuropathy and their application in clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of colonic muco-submucosal elongated polyp (CMSEP).Methods The clinical manifestations,endoscopic and histological features of three cases of CMSEP were analyzed.The literature was reviewed with regard to the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.Results Three patients were male,and aged 25,45 and 75 years old.Two polyps were at transverse colon and one at rectum.Under colonoscope,all three cases showed the long pedunculated polyps.The surfaces of two polyps were smooth and the colors were similar to colonic mucosa while one polyp appeared mucosal erosion and congestion on the top.Under optical microscope,three cases had similar lesions.The axis of the lesions was expanded submucosa and the surface was the layer of colonic mucosa.The expanded and thick walled blood vessels were seen paralleled to the long axis in the submucosa of the axis of lesions.One polyp with mucosal erosion on the top presented with adenocarcinomal changes.Conclusions CMSEP is a kind of specific polypoid lesion,with characteristic colonoscopic and pathological features.Most are benign changes,however malignant changes occur in a few cases.In histology,CMSEP should be identified with mucosal prolapse syndrome associated inflammatory polyp.

Objective To observe the short-term effect of alprostadil combined with torasemide in the treatment of intractable heart failure.Methods Thirty cases of patients with intractable heart failure and ineffective in routine therapy were given alprostadil and torasemide treatment,with alprostadil 20 mg in 5％ glucose or 0.9％ sodium chloride solution 100 ml intravenous infusion once a day and torasemide 20-40 mg intravenous twice a day 3 days later torasemide dosage was adjusted according to the disease,and the remaining conventional anti-heart failure therapy unchanged.Course was one week.The blood pressure,body weight,urine output,creatinine,electrolytes,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after treatment was observed.Results After treatment,clinical symptoms of dyspnea,edema,pulmonary rales,such as wet and dry significantly improved in all patients.During the course of the treatment,3 patients appeared mild hypokalemia,and potassium was promptly corrected.Body weight after treatment reduced compared with that before treatment [(63.8 ± 7.6) kg vs.(82.6 ± 10.7) kg],urine output increased after treatment compared with that before treatment [(2 328.3 ±367.8) ml/d vs.(568.7 ± 104.6) ml/d],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Systolic blood pressure,diastohc blood pressure difference was not statistically significant after treatment,compared with that before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).LVEF after treatment increased compared with that before treatment [(44.5 ± 8.3)％ vs.(31.9 ± 10.2)％],serum creatinine levels reduced [(97.8 ± 18.6) μmol/L vs.(143.8 ±21.7) μmol/L],and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05) ; NT-proBNP after treatment reduced compared with that before treatment [(567.4 ± 212.3) ng/L vs.(2 726.5 ± 525.3) ng/L],and the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Alprostadil combined with torasemide treatment can quickly and effectively improve symptoms and help improve heart and kidney function in intractable heart failure,and has no significant adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and analysis of Shah Glenn Dean combined with acarbose in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 60 cases of newly diagnosed elderly patients treated in our hospital during the period from January 2015 to January 2017 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is selected as the object of this study, they were randomly divided into control group and study group, 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with acarbose treatment, the study group was treated with Shah Glenn Dean combined acarbose treatment, treatment time was 3months, glycosylated hemoglobin, after two groups of patients were in different treatment of hypoglycemia were observed and compared the rate of change, body mass index and blood glucose level changes.Results The patients in the control group, the incidence of hypoglycemia was 23.33%, patients in the study group, the incidence of hypoglycemia was 6.67%, patients in the study group,the incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly lower than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant between the groups(P <0.05); glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group of two patients, the difference was statistically significant between the groups(P <0.05); the total cost of the patients in the treatment group compared with the control group had no significant difference, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Significant clinical therapeutic effect of saxagliptin combined with acarbose in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, can make the patient's blood glucose levels were significantly lower,with high security, the incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly reduced, but also can reduce the weight of patients, the total cost in the course of treatment did not increase that will not cause economic burden on patients, it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To compare the efficacy of Si Wu particles to treat young women with chronic attachment inflammation.Methods70 young women with chronic attachment inflammation in department of gynecology from January 2015-July 2016 were grouped by Lottery method.Two groups were treated with levofloxacin and metronidazole, observation group was another given Si Wu particles.To analyze treatment efficacy between two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, total effective rate of observation group was higher than control group(P<0.05).After treatment, whole blood high-viscosity, whole blood low-viscosity and plasma viscosity of observation group were lower than control group(P<0.05).After the third week of treatment, TCM syndrome points of observation group was lower than control group (P<0.05).Adverse reactions and recurrence rate of observation group were lower than control group, but no statistical significance.ConclusionSi Wu particles can improve efficacy to young women with chronic attachment inflammation.

OBJECTIVE In order to prevent and control the medicine source infection,we must clean the palace cavity attraction tubes thoroughly which are repetition use,for antiseptic effect.METHODS Through carries on the sampling,monitor to this hospital′s antiseptic stream of people package of palace cavity attraction tube clean condition.RESULTS Monitoring 100,qualified 91,qualified rate 91%.CONCLUSIONS The palace cavity attraction tube clean process must conform to the standard.Namely:The preliminary clean,adds the enzyme immersion,thorough clean,distilled water flushing.Any remains in the lumen organic matter may affect the disinfection antiseptic effect.