With the development of tissue engineering, a variety of forms of silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds has been applied to research of constructing variety of organization based on cells, which has become scientific focus in recent years. In this paper we introduced the source and structure of SF and the fabrication method of the scaffold, and also address the SF application progress in several relevant fields of tissue engineering, such as bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessel and nerves. Finally, we discuss the future leading prospect of the SF in order to provide reference for subsequent research.
Fibroins ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objectives To investigate the associations of serum superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , malondialdehyde (MDA), and uric acid (UA) with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in a Chinese population. Methods We measured serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid (UA) in 506 randomly selected participants. For database management and statistical analysis, we used the SAS 9.13 Software. Results Compared with normotensive participants, hypertensive patients had significantly lower serum levels of superoxide dismutase activity ( =0.0002), and higher serum levels of malondialdehyde and uric acid ( <0.05) .Univariate analysis indicated that serum superoxide dismutase activity was negatively associated with blood pressure, and serum levels of uric acid (P 0.0001);while serum levels of malondialdehyde was positively associated with blood pressure, and serum levels of uric acid (P 0.05) . There was significant difference in systolic (Ptrend=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (Ptrend=0.04) between three groups defined by tertiles of serum levels of superoxide dismutase, with a lower blood pressure in the highest tertile than in the lowest tertile. Furthermore, the systolic (Ptrend=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (Ptrend=0.003) in the highest tertile, which defied by the serum levels of malondialdehyde, were significantly higher than those in the lowest tertile. Conclusions Hypertensive patients have a disturbed oxidative and anti-oxidative balance. Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Chinese.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and classification of diabetic patients with unprovoked ketoacidosis.Methods According to body mass index(BMI),56 patients were divided into 3 groups: low body weight group(LBW,BMI25 kg/m2,n=20).Clinical characteristics,including age,gender,the course of the disease,positive rate of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GAD-Ab) and the function of islet beta-cell,were compared between these three group.Results There were no significant differences in some clinical features(glycemia,and ketosis status) at beginning of disease between 3 groups.The level of serum TG and Insulin was higher in OBW group than that in other groups.Only 3 patients were found GAD-Ab positive in LBW group.Conclusion The clinical and immunological characteristics of OBW and LBW patients were quite different,some of the obese patients should be classified into type2 diabetes,and some into idiopathic type1 diabetes.

AIM: To optimize the processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba stir-frying with vinegar. METHODS: UV-spectrophotometry was applied to determine the total paeoniflorin content, which was extracted by water from processed Radix Paeoniae Alba(stri-frying with vinegar) and the processing was designed by orhtogonal design. RESULTS: The best sample was treated at 130~?C for 40 min by adding 20% vinegar. METHODS: Processing of Radix Paeoniae Alba(stir-frying with vinegar) has a practical applicability.

AIM: To review variety of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products. METHODS: HPLC-ELSD was used to determine astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragli. RESULTS: The distinction of astragloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali of different sources and different processed products was obvious. The astragloside Ⅳ content reduced after processing. CONCLUSION: Radix Astragli of Henan Province has the highest astragloside Ⅳ content. And it is suggested that crude medicine should be used when astragloside Ⅳ is used as therapeutic component.

Objective To explore proper methods of and environment for people oriented management so as to meet the various new challenges confronting hospitals. Methods The means of retrospection plus the Delphi method and sociological investigations were adopted. Results An exploration was made into the theories and principles to be followed, the means to be adopted and the human environment to be created in implementing people oriented management. Conclusion Hospitals implementing people oriented management and thus achieving maximized benefits in human resources management will be able to enhance their market shares and maintain sustainable development.

AIM: This study was designed to examine whether endogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) is involved in soman-induced hypothermic process. METHODS: Core temperature was measured at 60 min intervals with digital thermometer. Effect of AVP V 1 receptor antagonist (30 ?g/kg, ip) on soman-induced hypothermia was observed in rats, and plasma AVP concentration was measured at 2 h after administration of soman(60 ?g/kg, sc). RESULTS: Administration of soman led to a marked hypothermia. Core temperature recovered to basal levels at 7 h after soman treatment. Plasma AVP concentration increased markedly at 2 h after soman treatment, and administration of AVP V 1 receptor antagonist markedly blocked the hypothermic effect of soman. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that AVP is involved in soman-induced hypothermia in the rat.

Objective To discuss the application effect of seamless training model of "demonstration unit" on nursing teaching. Methods 210 nursing students from high professional schools from 2006 to 2009 were set as the experimental group, 210 nursing students of the same education background were selected as the control group. The experimental group adopted seamless training model of "demonstration unit", the control group used traditional segmental teaching mode. Teaching effect was compared between the two groups. Results The theoretic test results, operation and technological testing results and satisfaction degree with the teaching in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions The seamless training model of "demonstration unit" is approved by the patients, teachers and nursing students and improves the quality of clinical teaching. It should be used widely in clinical nursing education.

[Summary] To investigate the association of rs2282679 A/C polymorphism in vitamin D binding protein gene with vitamin D deficiency in 1 216 participants.A standardized questionnaire was applied to collect information on alcohol consumption,smoking habits,and use of medications.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] was determined by radioimmunoassay.Vitamin D binding protein genotypes were determined by SNaPshot method.1216participants included 457 women(37.6％),478 (39.3％)with vitamin D deficiency [25 (OH) D＜50 nmol/L],and 386 (31.7％) overweight/obese participants.The frequencies of rs2282679 CC,AC,and AA genotypes were 8.7％,41.0％,and 50.3％,respectively.The distributions of genotypes and alleles differed significantly between participants with sufficient vitamin D and those with vitamin D deficiency (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the serum levels of 25 (OH) D between three genotypes before and after being adjusted for covariates (P＜0.01).AA had a 22％ (OR =0.78,95％ CI 0.65-0.93,P =0.006) lowered risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with the whole studied population.Compared with CC genotype,AA had a 36％ lowered risk of vitamin D deficiency(OR =0.64,95 ％ CI 0.42-0.98,P =0.006),while there was no significant difference between AC and CC genotypes(OR=0.87,95％ CI0.57-1.34,P=0.53).In conclusion,the vitamin D binding protein rs2282679A/C polymorphism was significantly associated with serum level of 25 (OH) D and risk of vitamin D deficiency.

BACKGROUND: Inhaled glucocorticoids(IGC) are powerful anti_inflammatory agents used in the treatment of asthma. But it is still uncertain whether long-term use of the IGC affects bone metabolism in asthmatic patients, especially women.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the prolonged treatment with IGC to Chinese asthmatic woman has a detrimental effect on bone mass and metabolism.DESIGN: A matched controlled study based on the patients SETTING:Clinical Laboratory and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1998 to February 2002, forty female Chinese patients with bronchial asthma, regularly followed up at our outpatient clinic, all in the Nanjing area, none of them having a history of chronic systemic GC use, agreed to take part in the study, were selected and divided into two groups: therapeutic group (IGC group): 20 asthmatic women, aged 18-63 years, 5 menopausals, received IGC therapy regularly for at least 5 months; Control group: 20 asthmatic women, aged 18-60 years, 5 menopausals, never received IGC received conventional bronchodilators . They were matched individually for sex, age and menopausal status.METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (2-4),femoral neck, trochanter, ward's triangle and total body of femur were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD were expressed as a absolute value and a T score considered as a SD from peak bone mass respectively. Meanwhile, BMD was also expressed as a percentage (%), which was defined by comparing the BMD absolute value of subjects and BMD normal value of isosexual age cohorts. Osteocalcin and some other markers of bone metabolism were measured by radio immunoassay in two groups.daily dose and accumulative total dose of IGC and BMD in the IGC group.RESULTS: There were no significant difference between two groups in BMD and T score (including the lumbar spine (2-4), femoral neck,trochanter, ward' s triangle and total body of femur) (P ＞ 0.05). There were also no significant correlation between daily dose of IGC and BMD of above 5 parts in the IGC group (r=-0.325 to -0.1102, P ＞ 0.05). But,there were significantly negative correlation between the accumulative total dose of IGC and BMD at lumbar spine2-4,femoral neck and ward's triangle(r=-0.495 ,-0.517,-0.531 ,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant correlation between the accumulative total dose of IGC and T score of above 5 parts in the IGC group (r=0.443to 0.295 ,P ＞ 0.05). There was negative correlation between the age and the BMD at ward's triangle in the IGC group(r=-0.506,P ＜ 0.05). However ,BMD at 5 locus were not correlated with the age in control group (r=-0.079 to 0.326, P ＞ 0.05).Osteocalcin and some other markers of bone metabolism were no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The data suggests that there is no significant influence of IGC on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in asthmatic women,but if continuing exposures to high doses over many years,there may be a detrimental effect on bone mass and metabolism in women, especially elder or postmenopausal asthmatic women treated with IGC who may be more susceptible to any bone mineral loss caused by IGC.