OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the clinical rational drug use. METHODS:Cross-sectional survey was adopt-ed to statistically analyze the off-label use of inpatient(489 prescriptions)and outpatient prescriptions(466 prescriptions)in our hos-pital in Jun. 19,2014. RESULTS:The prescription items and ratios of off-label use in inpatients and outpatients in our hospital were 240,14.1%(240/1 704)and 149,17.4%(149/852),respectively. The top 4 types of drug off-label use included changing ad-ministration frequency,indications,compatibility concentrations of injections and dosage. CONCLUSIONS:Some of off-label use are rational,supporting by kinds of guidelines,expert consensus and literature reporting;while some are irrational,clinic should avoid this kind of irrational use and be strictly controlled by pharmacists. Meanwhile,it is suggested that the drug manufacturers up-date the instructions timely to provide reference for ensuring safety drug use of patients.

132 cases of persistent occipital-transverse position and 60 cases of persistent occipital-posterior position were treated in our department in 1987.In this article,the retrospective clinical studies were reported.The former made up 9.21% and the latter made up 4.18% of the total deliveries.The rate of operative delivery was 93.33%.The cause and early diagnosis were discussed.Then we express here our preliminary opinion upon the treatment.

AIM: At present, there is not a unified understanding on the total quantity and distribution of skeletal muscles in a normal human body. In this paper, we arranged the number of human skeletal muscles by detailed anatomic observation and record of an adult male corpse to provide reference for future scientific research and teaching. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the anatomical laboratory of Hebei Institute of Physical Education between October 2005 and March 2006. Two complete adult male corpses fixed by 40 g/L formaldehyde were given a detailed anatomic observation by removing the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and exposing the skeletal muscles of the whole body from superficial to deep layers. The initiation and end sites of muscles were isolated and the obvious muscle fibers were exposed to carefully observe and record the quantity of skeletal muscles. It was noticed that because the muscle fibers were less, when dissecting the mimetic muscle, the thin layer of skin and fewer subcutaneous tissues should be cut parallel to the skin with a blade as soon as the mimetic muscle scattered between subcutaneous tissue, but not isolate the muscle fiber from deep layer, which might remove the muscle fiber and subcutaneous, and lead no obvious muscle left. The sphincter muscle of some organs should be dissected from the superficial to the deep layer of the muscles. It was necessary to look up some data to supplement the muscles with less occurrence and unusual for corpse. RESULTS: There were 549 pieces muscles in the whole body of a normal person including 270 pairs muscles and 9 pieces of non-pair skeletal muscles such as orbicularis oris muscle, arytenoids muscle, diaphragma, interspinal muscles, sphincter muscle of anus and musculus sphincter urethrae. CONCLUSION: Although the muscles not found in the corpses are supplemented by looking up the data, it is necessary to further observe, study and discuss through different corpse specimens.

Objective To understand the medical staff's real experience after implementing patients participate and interactive health education method.Methods A qualitative method was conducted with 2 doctors and 7 nurses.Data were analyzed based on Colaizzi phenomenotogical research method.Results 3 themes were extracted:conflict,including the role and the education methods;the benefits of patients participate and interactive health education method,such as palliative the relationship between medical workers and patients,and help patients to manage diseases,etc;and obstacles as work burden and time limit of medical staff,patients with low health literacy,negative psychology,lack of supervision and timely feedback on both sides.Conclusions Patients participate and interactive health education method is beneficial and feasible,but some obstacles we should faced in the implementation process.Its smooth implementation needs medical staff change idea,and also needs the support of some objective factors.

BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a regulatory effect on survival, growth, differentiation, and egeneration of neurons. OBJECTIVE: To verify the therapy effects and the expression of Fos protein with different dose of NGF on the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital.MATERIALS: A total of 72 male, health, adult, Wistar rats, weighing 180-200 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely,model group and NGF with 4, 8, 16 Ijg groups, with 18 animals in each group.METHODS: All rats were prepared sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury models. Rats were intraperitoneal injected NGF with 4,8, 16 μg/(kg·d) in the experimental groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Behavioral observation and mechanical pain threshold testing was performed prior to and at days 1,2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 after operation. ②Six of rats in each group were sacrificed at days 2, 7, and 14 after operation, and the expression of Fos protein in the spinal cord were assayed with the immunohistochemicat methods and image analysis.RESULTS: In the model group, rats raised and licked feet spontaneously after operatiOn, and the mechanical pain threshold was decreased from the 3rd day, and reached the lowest at day 14. However, in the NGF groups, rat exhibited no pontaneous pain,without subnormal period of mechanical pain threshold. The mechanical pain threshold in rats of the model group as significant different to the other groups at days 10 and 14 after operation (P < 0.05). The mechanical pain threshold in rats of all groups increased, but which of 16 μg NGF group was lower than the other groups on the first day after operation (P < 0.01 ) and lower than that of the 4 μg NGF group at 2 days after operation (P < 0.05). The expression of Fos protein in the spinal cord of the model group was increased than that of the other groups after operation (P < 0.01 ). The expression of Fos protein in the spinal cord of the 16 μg NGF group was less than that of model and 4 μg NGF groups at day 2 after operation (P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: NGF has therapeutical effect on neuropathic pain of rats, especially with large dosage. The mechanisms may be inhibiting the expression of Fos protein in the spinal cord of rats.

OBJECTIVE： To compare between two different modes of stability test for norgestrienone acetate.METHODS： HPLC(Resolve C18 column， 5μ m ID， 4.6mm× 250mm as fixed phase， a mixture of methanol and purified water (7∶ 3) as mobile phase， detecting wavelength 243nm， flow rate 1ml/min) and TLC.RESULTS： Two tests obtained the same result.CONCLUSION： The methods used are feasible for stability test.

Articular cartilage as a load-bearing connective tissues may often be caused defects by trauma,sports, degenerative or age-related diseases. As articular cartilage has a limited inherent repair capacity, a large variety of treatment approaches including autologous chondrocyte transplantation, microfracture and mosaicplasty methods have been developed. However, there are limitations in these strategies especially when using autologous chondrcytes. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered the most promising seed cells in the study of tissue engineered cartilage. This review focuses on the induction of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro and their application in cartilage repair.

0.025 63 h-1).A linear relation between absorption and concentration was noted for simvastatin at a concentration of 1.0～20.0 ?g?mL-1;and within a pH value of 5.0～7.4,the absorption of simvastatin was not affected.CONCLUSION:Simvastatin showed absorption behavior in the whole section of intestine.The absorption of the drug conforms to the passive transport mechanism and first-order kinetics.The results indicate that simvastatin can be formulated and prepared into sustained-release drug delivery system.

Traditional Chinese medicine is considered to have a lot of advantages in many ways when compared with modern medi-cine;however, the advantages are usually difficult to be widely accepted due to lack of evidence. Under the background that the evi-dence-base is paid universal attention all over the world, there is no doubt that it will bring negative effects on the development of tradi-tional Chinese medicine. Providing scientific and rational evidence base is essential for the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacoeconomic is expected to play an important role in the area. The paper reviewed the study and application status of traditional Chinese medicine and pointed out the main problems, and furthermore, the corresponding countermeasures and sugges-tions were put forward in order to promote the research and application of pharmacoeconomic in the field of traditional Chinese medi-cine.

Objective To analyzes the epidemic trend and sexual behavior changes among men who have sex with men (MSM ) in Yinchuan city so as to provide scientific evidence for the future development of prevention and control strategies .Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data about the sexual behavior as well as trend of HIV epidemic among MSM from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed .Results A total of 1 644 MSM were recruited from 2008 to 2012 .The MSM condom use rate in last time homosexual sex fluctuated between 73 .5% -80 .2% ,and their condom use rate in every time was increasing significant-ly(P<0 .05) from 54 .3% in 2012 to 44 .0% in 2008 .The HIV prevalence and 90% CI was 2 .6% (1 .1-4 .0) ,4 .5% (2 .5-7 .5) , 5 .7% (6 .6-7 .8) ,3 .8% (2 .2-5 .3) and 7 .0% (4 .9 -9 .1) respectively .The HIV prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 . 01) from 7 .0% in 2012 to 2 .6% in 2008 .Syphilis prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 9 .0% in 2009 to 2 .9%in 2008 ,then decreasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 6 .3% in 2012 to 13 .6% in 2010 .Conclusion The HIV infection rate have a rising trend among MSM in Yinchuan city .More effective intervention measures should be taken to promote safe sex and curb the AIDS epidemic spread among MSM .