OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the clinical rational drug use. METHODS:Cross-sectional survey was adopt-ed to statistically analyze the off-label use of inpatient(489 prescriptions)and outpatient prescriptions(466 prescriptions)in our hos-pital in Jun. 19,2014. RESULTS:The prescription items and ratios of off-label use in inpatients and outpatients in our hospital were 240,14.1%(240/1 704)and 149,17.4%(149/852),respectively. The top 4 types of drug off-label use included changing ad-ministration frequency,indications,compatibility concentrations of injections and dosage. CONCLUSIONS:Some of off-label use are rational,supporting by kinds of guidelines,expert consensus and literature reporting;while some are irrational,clinic should avoid this kind of irrational use and be strictly controlled by pharmacists. Meanwhile,it is suggested that the drug manufacturers up-date the instructions timely to provide reference for ensuring safety drug use of patients.

132 cases of persistent occipital-transverse position and 60 cases of persistent occipital-posterior position were treated in our department in 1987.In this article,the retrospective clinical studies were reported.The former made up 9.21% and the latter made up 4.18% of the total deliveries.The rate of operative delivery was 93.33%.The cause and early diagnosis were discussed.Then we express here our preliminary opinion upon the treatment.

AIM: At present, there is not a unified understanding on the total quantity and distribution of skeletal muscles in a normal human body. In this paper, we arranged the number of human skeletal muscles by detailed anatomic observation and record of an adult male corpse to provide reference for future scientific research and teaching. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the anatomical laboratory of Hebei Institute of Physical Education between October 2005 and March 2006. Two complete adult male corpses fixed by 40 g/L formaldehyde were given a detailed anatomic observation by removing the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and exposing the skeletal muscles of the whole body from superficial to deep layers. The initiation and end sites of muscles were isolated and the obvious muscle fibers were exposed to carefully observe and record the quantity of skeletal muscles. It was noticed that because the muscle fibers were less, when dissecting the mimetic muscle, the thin layer of skin and fewer subcutaneous tissues should be cut parallel to the skin with a blade as soon as the mimetic muscle scattered between subcutaneous tissue, but not isolate the muscle fiber from deep layer, which might remove the muscle fiber and subcutaneous, and lead no obvious muscle left. The sphincter muscle of some organs should be dissected from the superficial to the deep layer of the muscles. It was necessary to look up some data to supplement the muscles with less occurrence and unusual for corpse. RESULTS: There were 549 pieces muscles in the whole body of a normal person including 270 pairs muscles and 9 pieces of non-pair skeletal muscles such as orbicularis oris muscle, arytenoids muscle, diaphragma, interspinal muscles, sphincter muscle of anus and musculus sphincter urethrae. CONCLUSION: Although the muscles not found in the corpses are supplemented by looking up the data, it is necessary to further observe, study and discuss through different corpse specimens.

Objective To understand the medical staff's real experience after implementing patients participate and interactive health education method.Methods A qualitative method was conducted with 2 doctors and 7 nurses.Data were analyzed based on Colaizzi phenomenotogical research method.Results 3 themes were extracted:conflict,including the role and the education methods;the benefits of patients participate and interactive health education method,such as palliative the relationship between medical workers and patients,and help patients to manage diseases,etc;and obstacles as work burden and time limit of medical staff,patients with low health literacy,negative psychology,lack of supervision and timely feedback on both sides.Conclusions Patients participate and interactive health education method is beneficial and feasible,but some obstacles we should faced in the implementation process.Its smooth implementation needs medical staff change idea,and also needs the support of some objective factors.

Traditional Chinese medicine is considered to have a lot of advantages in many ways when compared with modern medi-cine;however, the advantages are usually difficult to be widely accepted due to lack of evidence. Under the background that the evi-dence-base is paid universal attention all over the world, there is no doubt that it will bring negative effects on the development of tradi-tional Chinese medicine. Providing scientific and rational evidence base is essential for the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmacoeconomic is expected to play an important role in the area. The paper reviewed the study and application status of traditional Chinese medicine and pointed out the main problems, and furthermore, the corresponding countermeasures and sugges-tions were put forward in order to promote the research and application of pharmacoeconomic in the field of traditional Chinese medi-cine.

Objective To analyzes the epidemic trend and sexual behavior changes among men who have sex with men (MSM ) in Yinchuan city so as to provide scientific evidence for the future development of prevention and control strategies .Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted and data about the sexual behavior as well as trend of HIV epidemic among MSM from 2008 to 2012 were collected and analyzed .Results A total of 1 644 MSM were recruited from 2008 to 2012 .The MSM condom use rate in last time homosexual sex fluctuated between 73 .5% -80 .2% ,and their condom use rate in every time was increasing significant-ly(P<0 .05) from 54 .3% in 2012 to 44 .0% in 2008 .The HIV prevalence and 90% CI was 2 .6% (1 .1-4 .0) ,4 .5% (2 .5-7 .5) , 5 .7% (6 .6-7 .8) ,3 .8% (2 .2-5 .3) and 7 .0% (4 .9 -9 .1) respectively .The HIV prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 . 01) from 7 .0% in 2012 to 2 .6% in 2008 .Syphilis prevalence was increasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 9 .0% in 2009 to 2 .9%in 2008 ,then decreasing significantly (P<0 .01) from 6 .3% in 2012 to 13 .6% in 2010 .Conclusion The HIV infection rate have a rising trend among MSM in Yinchuan city .More effective intervention measures should be taken to promote safe sex and curb the AIDS epidemic spread among MSM .

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease.Rituximab and fludarabine are two of the most effective agents in CLL update.Despite the widespread use of highly effective chemoimmunotherapy,fludarabine-refractory CLL remains a challenging problem associated with poor overall survival.Approved therapeutic options for these patients remain limited.Fortunately,allogenetic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and several novel targeted therapeutics in clinical trails hold promise of significant benefit for these patients' population.This review discusses the activity of available and novel targeted therapeutics besides allo-SCT in fludarabine-refractory or fludarabine-resistant CLL.

Objective:To study the correlation of Th subsets in peripheral blood(PB)and IL-1 7 in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in the patients with periodontitis.Methods:1 0 healthy controls,1 1 cases with chronic periodontitis(CP)and 8 cases with aggressive pe-riodontitis(AgP)were included.Th1 ,Th2 and Th1 7 in PB were measured by flowcytometry,IL-1 7 in GCF was examined by ELISA. Periodental indexes(PLI,PD,AL and BI)were measured.Results:In the CP group and the AgP group,Th1 and Th1 7 were signifi-cantly higher,Th2 was lower than those in the control group(P <0.01 )(between CP and AgP groups,P >0.05),and IL-1 7 in GCF were significantly higher(P <0.01 )(between CP and AgP groups,P >0.05).In group CP IL-1 7 leve in GCF was positively correla-ted with PD and AL(P =0.000),in group AgP with PD(P =0.007).Conclusion:Deficiency of immunologic function and increase of IL-1 7 in the GCF is related with the onset and development of periodontitis.

0.025 63 h-1).A linear relation between absorption and concentration was noted for simvastatin at a concentration of 1.0～20.0 ?g?mL-1;and within a pH value of 5.0～7.4,the absorption of simvastatin was not affected.CONCLUSION:Simvastatin showed absorption behavior in the whole section of intestine.The absorption of the drug conforms to the passive transport mechanism and first-order kinetics.The results indicate that simvastatin can be formulated and prepared into sustained-release drug delivery system.

Background and purpose:Chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).This treatment can alleviate symptoms,improve the quality of life and elevate the survival rate.Due to serious adverse reaction however,it is very difficult for patients to complete chemotherapy.Elemene emulsion has extensive antitumor effects,mild adverse reaction and the therapeutic effect.The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of combining NP (NVB+DDP) chemotherapy with elemene emulsion in a comprehensive treatment of advanced NSCLC.Methods:60 cases of patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,each group consisted of 30 cases.The treatment group was treated with a combination of NP (NVB+DDP) chemotherapy with elemene emulsion (400 mg d2-d8),while the control group was treated with only the NP chemotherapy.Results:The efficacy in the treatment group was 56.7% and 40% in the control group.There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of their treatment response (P