To explore the observation and nursing of complications in operative patients with massive and rapid transfusion,32 cases were studied,the author summarized that the observation and nursing experience in prevention and treatment of some complications,such as overloading circulation、bleeding tendency、hypokalemia and hypothermia.

Objective To investigate the effect of endoscopic treatment of delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the data of 2 638 patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy.There were 26 patients who delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.All the 26 patients underwent duodenoscopy,and endoscopic treatment was underwent for the patients who had active bleeding.Results There were 21 patients had active bleeding,and the other 5 cases had no bleeding.There were 12 patients with capillary hemorrhage and 9 cases with petechial hemorrhage.In the 12 patients with capillary hemorrhage,9 patients had been sprayed tissue glue,and 3 patients had been local injected with 1 10 000 noradrenalin.In the 9 patients with petechial hemorrhage,5 patients were treated with titanium clip,and 4 patients were treated with argon ion.All the 21 patients were crued,and no patient was operated and no patient died.Conclusion There are few patients who delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy.Tissue glue sprayed,local injection,argon ion and titanium clip can cure the bleeding.

Objective Drug resistance is a major problem for the successful chemotherapeutic treatment and prognosis of cervi -cal cancer .The article investigated the role of Twist on cisplatin resistance of Hela cervical cancer cells in hypoxia microenvironment and its possible mechanism to provide an experimental basis to improve the therapeutic efficacy for cervical cancer . Methods Hela Cells were divided into two groups, normal oxygen group A (no CoCl2) and hypoxia group A (addition of 150μmol/L CoCl2 medium).6 hours later, different degrees(10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 mol/L) of cisplatin (10 -3 , 10 -4 , 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 mol/L) were added into two groups .24 hours later , MTT were added to measure IC 50 and growth inhibition ratio .CoCl2 were used to mimic hypoxia environ-ment.The working concentration and the treatment duration of Cispla-tin was optimized by MTT method.The expressions of Twist and MDR1 in normal oxygen group , cisplatin group , hypoxic group B and hypoxic cisplatin group B were determined by immunofluores-cence and western blot . Results The IC50 values were 10 -5.3 mol/L and 10 -4.5 mol/L of cisplatin respectively in normal oxygen group and hypoxia group, and there was significantly difference between them (P<0.05).The optimized working concentration and work time of cisplatin was 10 -5 mol/L and 24 h.Compare to the normal oxygen group (13.08 ±2.39, 29.57 ±12.80), the expres-sions of Twist (20.81 ±2.07, 24.25 ±4.51, 33.14 ±4.24) and MDR1 (35.26 ±8.41, 60.13 ±22.32, 76.00 ±9.96) was signifi-cantly higher than those in other three groups and which were the highest in hypoxic cisplatin group (P<0.05).There were significant positive correlations among them in hypoxic group and hypoxic cisplatin group (r =0.686,P <0.05;r =0.546,P <0.05). Conclusion The hypoxia microenvironment may be related to the cisplatin resistance of Hela cervical cancer cells .The possible mechanism is hypoxia activates Twist and upregulates MDR 1 expression , resulting in cisplatin resistance of Hela cells .

ABSTRACT:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle ,and have close rela‐tionships with human .Emerging Chlamydia species such as Chlamydia ibidis ,Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea changed the chlamydial taxonomy .The biggest change is the abandon of genus Chlamydophilaand its previous six species were recombined into genus Chlamydia ,which in together with the emerging species ,expands genus Chlamydia to 12 species .This paper briefly reviewed the latest taxonomy of Chlamydiae and their identification methods ,which include the classical biological characteristics and physico‐chemical properties ,modern molecular genetics ,and the newly developed whole genome analysis . Presently ,molecular genetics methods ,including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA ,ompA and other Chlamydia‐specific genes , are commonly used for chlamydial identification .

In this paper, the research work of Cell-broken Pieces of traditional Chinese Medicine was summarized;the preparation technology, quality standard, effectiveness and safety of typical Cell-broken Pieces were introduced;the attribute, connotation and orientation of Cell-broken Pieces were discussed. It can provide reference for the fur-ther research and development of Cell-broken Pieces of traditional Chinese Medicine.

Case based teaching was applied in order to enhance the teaching efficacy and clinical safety for resident doctors in anesthesia training centers and to arouse their learning incentives and improve their clinical performance.Case based discussions on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation and multiple traumas were conducted.Process consciousness was enhanced and theoretical knowledge analysis was combined with practical clinical skill training for residents in department of anesthesiology to improve the quality of training.

Objective To investigate the expression of folate receptor(FR) in primary hepatocellular carci noma and to explore its correlation with clinical and pathological features.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FR alpha and beta in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (45 cases),cirrhosis (32 cases) and normal liver tissue (20 cases).And then the relationship between the expression of FR alpha and clinic0pathological features was analyzed.Results The positive expression of FR alpha was detected in 88.9％ (40/45) primary hepatocellular carcinoma,18.8％ (6/32) cirrhosis,and there was no positive expression of FR alpha in normal liver tissue.There was no FR beta expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis,only 15％ (3/20) normal liver tissue expressed FR beta.The expression of FR alpha did not correlate with gender and age,but the positive expression of early-mid-term patients was higher than that of the advanced patients.Conclusion FR alpha is presented in most liver tissues of primary hepatocellular carcinoma,which provide basis of early diagnosis and molecular drug target.

Objective To design a calculation method for medical equipment dynamic capability usage rate to provide guidance for capability development and purchasing demonstration during the utilization of large medical equipment.Methods Statistical analysis was executed on the application of all the capabilities of some medical equipment,and the utilization rates were obtained on each capability and dynamic capability respectively.Results The proposed method reflected accurately the application of each capability of the equipment when compared with the conventional way.Conclusion The dynamic calculation method can accurately reflect the capability utilization of a single device,and can be further applied to the evaluation of the capability utilization of all the equipment,which provides guidance for the development of equipment capabilities and procurement.

Objective To investigate the expressions of acetylcholine and norepinephrine of the central nervous system in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to explore the possible roles of the classical neurotransmitters of the central nervous system in the pathogenesis of IBS. Methods The rat model of IBS was reproduced by intragastric instillation of 2.0ml water at 0-4℃ in male Wistar rats for two weeks. Both the model group and the control underwent rectal distention, then were sacrificed by deep anesthesia. Sections of the posterior horn of the spinal cord and hypothalamus were obtained and processed immunohistochemically using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) antibodies respectively, and the staining results were analyzed semi-quantitatively using computerized color image analyzer. The statistical difference of the opacity density and immunoreactive areas between two groups was compared by t-test. Results Immunoreactive area, opacity density of AchE immunoreactive tissues in the posterior horn of the spinal cord and hypothalamus of the model group were all significantly higher than those in control group (P0.05). Conclusions The expressions of acetylcholine in the spinal cord and hypothalamus in the rat model of C-IBS were abnormal, which suggested that cholinergic nervous system in the central nervous system may play some roles in the pathogenesis of IBS.

Objective To investigate the quality of life(QOL),gastrointestinal symptoms and mental status of patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),and to find out the possible factors affecting the patients' QOL.Methods The questionnaires which included three forms were sent to 55 IBS patients and 40 healthy controls recruited from the authors' clinical department.IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome II criteria,and patients with organic diseases were excluded from this study.The nine-item scores of QOL in all cases were calculated by using the disease-specific form included in the questionnaire of QOL.The mental-psychological status in all cases was evaluated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD).The gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients were recorded and graded according to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS).The data mentioned above were analyzed with regression model.Results Patients with IBS had statistically significant lower scores(P